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Sponza AD, Liu D, Chen EP, Shaw A, Diawara L, Chiu M. Synthesis strategies for non-symmetric, photochromic diarylethenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7238-7252. [PMID: 32926036 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethenes (DAEs) represent an important class of photochromes with notable characteristics, like thermally irreversible photoisomerization and high fatigue resistance. Structural diversification of the DAE scaffold has enabled further refinement of photochromic properties and realization of new applications, ranging from advanced materials to tools for studying biological systems. In particular, methods for synthesizing non-symmetric DAE scaffolds, which are typically more challenging to synthesize than their symmetric counterparts, have grown over the past 20 years. These developments are surveyed in this review, with discussion of how access to these compounds has contributed to the improvement of photochromic properties and paved the way for exploring new applications of DAEs. First, non-symmetric DAE structures are classified and their uses and applications are overviewed. Subsequent sections discuss the main strategies that have been used to access non-symmetric DAEs with examples illustrating the impact of non-symmetric DAEs in the growing field of light-controlled molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro D Sponza
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Emily P Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Allison Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lassana Diawara
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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2
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Makhova NN, Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Dalinger IL, Konstantinova LS, Kuznetsov VV, Kravchenko AN, Krayushkin MM, Rakitin OA, Starosotnikov AM, Fershtat LL, Shevelev SA, Shirinian VZ, Yarovenko VN. Progress in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic systems. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Lvov AG, Kavun AM, Kachala VV, Lyssenko KA, Shirinian VZ. Photorearrangement of dihetarylethenes as a tool for the benzannulation of heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4990-5000. [PMID: 30964495 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the preparative benzannulation of aromatic heterocycles via photocyclization of 1,2-dihetarylethenes was proposed for the first time. The strategy includes two steps, namely, modular assembly of dihetarylethenes from widely available 3-hetarylacetic acids and 2-bromo-1-hetarylethanones, and subsequent preparative photorearrangement (using a UV lamp at 365 nm as the light source). This approach is efficient for the annulation of a wide range of heterocycles and provides C-, N-, O- or S-substituents in the benzoheterocycles obtained. The photochemical step is a metal-, acid-, and oxidant-free reaction, which requires non-inert conditions, and can be easily monitored by NMR spectroscopy. Applicability of the proposed strategy was tested in the synthesis of a wide range of substituted carbazoles and benzo[b]thiophenes as well as on a gram-scale benzannulation of 3-indoleacetic acid. Our study disclosed how to overcome two notable obstacles to the successful photorearrangement of dihetarylethenes: undesired reactions associated with photogenerated singlet oxygen, and the instability of desired products. The first problem was successfully solved by the addition of DABCO, while development of an in situ alkylation protocol to trap unstable photoproducts allowed us to overcome the second issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey M Kavun
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation. and Higher Chemical College, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Kachala
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Wang Q, Zhang T, Fan Y, Fan X. Synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes through allenic ketone-based multicomponent reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8854-8858. [PMID: 30411769 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient synthesis of diversely functionalized cyclopentene derivatives through the multicomponent reactions of 1,2-allenic ketones with 4-chloroacetoacetate and malononitrile/cyanoacetate under mild and metal-free conditions is presented. Mechanistically, the formation of title compounds involves a cascade process including nucleophilic substitution, Michael addition and intramolecular aldol type reaction. Interestingly, when 1-phenyl allenic ketones bearing electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring were reacted with 4-chloroacetoacetate and cyanoacetate, methylenecyclo-pentanes, the regioisomer of cyclopentenes, were formed with good selectivity and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, P. R. China.
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5
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Migulin VA, Lvov AG, Krayushkin MM. Photoisomerization of cyclopentene-based β-(2-furanyl)- and β-(2-thienyl)enones. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Escribano A, Steenbock T, Stork C, Herrmann C, Heck J. Why Are Dithienylethene-Linked Biscobaltocenes so Hard to Photoswitch? Chemphyschem 2017; 18:596-609. [PMID: 28092133 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Attaching an organometallic unit to a dithienylethene (DTE) molecular switch can allow one to vary its switching and spectroscopic properties, and to create switchable magnetic properties. In this work, two different dithienylethene molecular switches are used as a bridge between two cobalt sandwich units. The only difference between the switching cores is in the size of the cycloalkene ring connecting both thiophene rings. The complexes present different oxidation states for the cobalt atoms, which are demonstrated to determine the switching reaction. The UV/Vis measurements show that while the Co(I) complexes undergo the switching reaction, the Co(II,III) complexes switch poorly. Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations indicate diabatic ring-closure mechanisms and a large number of excited states hindering the cyclization reaction and favoring the relaxation to the open form of the molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escribano
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Steenbock
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Conrad Stork
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Escribano A, Steenbock T, Herrmann C, Heck J. Limits of Molecular Dithienylethene Switches Caused by Ferrocenyl Substitution. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1881-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escribano
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Torben Steenbock
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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8
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Gong DP, Chen JF, Zhao Y, Cao DK. Bisthienylethene Th2im and its complex (Th2imH)2[ReCl6]: crystalline-phase photochromism, and photochemical regulation of luminescence and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3443-9. [PMID: 26790478 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular assembly of bisthienylethene Th2im (1) and [ReCl6]2− anions leads to the complex (Th2imH)2[ReCl6] (2), in which a [ReCl6]2(-) anion connects two equivalent Th2imH+ cations through Cl⋯N/C hydrogen bonds. Crystal structures of 1 and 2 indicate that two thiophene groups of each Th2im/Th2imH+ molecule adopt a photoactive antiparallel conformation. Thus, two compounds show crystalline-phase photochromism (CPP), i.e. reversible structural transformation between the open form and the closed form upon alternately irradiating the sample with UV light (365 nm) and visible light (574 nm for 1, 624 nm for 2). It was found that the CPP behaviors of 1 and 2 could regulate their luminescence and/or magnetic properties. Their solid-state emissions (433, 448, 482, 531 and 570 nm for 1, and 460, 489, 535 and 593 nm for 2) exhibited weaker intensities after UV irradiation with 365 nm light. Besides CPP and luminescence, compound 2 shows field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. Before and after UV irradiation, this compound revealed different magnetic behaviors, including the differences in the shape of the χMT vs. T plot, D parameter, and the values of the relaxation barrier Ueff and the preexponential factor τ0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Deng-Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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9
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Lvov AG, Bulich EY, Metelitsa AV, Shirinian VZ. Facile synthesis of photoactive diaryl(hetaryl)cyclopentenes by ionic hydrogenation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthetic approach to photoactive diarylethenes comprising a cyclopentene ring as an ethene bridge was developed based on reduction of 2,3-diaryl(hetaryl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ones through an ionic hydrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G. Lvov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Anatoly V. Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry
- Southern Federal University
- Rostov on Don 344090
- Russian Federation
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Steenbock T, Escribano A, Heck J, Herrmann C. Photoswitching Behavior of a Cyclohexene-Bridged versus a Cyclopentene-Bridged Dithienylethene System. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1491-501. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Hu T, Li Z, Wang T, Zeng H. Synthesis and Properties of Photochromic Diarylethenes Bearing Thiazole Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiesheng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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12
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13
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Bianchini G, Strukul G, Wass DF, Scarso A. Photomodulable phosphines incorporating diarylethene moieties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of the dithienylethene moiety as a substituent provides new ‘switchable’ phosphine ligands whose electronic properties are reversibly modulated by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
- School of Chemistry
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Cantock's Close
- UK
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
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14
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Zhao G, Zhang Q, Zhou H. Synthesis of Cyclopentenes, Pyrroles, and Thiophenes via a Sequence of Propargyl–Allenyl Isomerizations, Michael Additions, and Intramolecular Wittig Reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10867-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501867h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China
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Mosquera Á, Férnandez MI, Canle Lopez M, Pérez Sestelo J, Sarandeses LA. Nonsymmetrical 3,4-Dithienylmaleimides by Cross-Coupling Reactions with Indium Organometallics: Synthesis and Photochemical Studies. Chemistry 2014; 20:14524-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Shirinian VZ, Lvov AG, Krayushkin MM, Lubuzh ED, Nabatov BV. Synthesis and Comparative Photoswitching Studies of Unsymmetrical 2,3-Diarylcyclopent-2-en-1-ones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3440-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerii Z. Shirinian
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Lvov
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M. Krayushkin
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena D. Lubuzh
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Nabatov
- A.
V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, RAS, 59 Leninsky prospekt, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Matsumoto S, Zhao Y, Akazome M. Synthesis and Optical Properties of 2,2'-Biimidazole and Benzo[d]imidazole Derivatives: Changing π-Conjugation by Photoexcitation. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Szalóki G, Pozzo JL. Synthesis of Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Bisthienylcyclopentenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11124-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shirinian VZ, Lonshakov DV, Lvov AG, Krayushkin MM. Fluorescent photochromes of diarylethene series: synthesis and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n06abeh004339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zuckerman NB, Kang X, Chen S, Konopelski JP. Synthesis of a ferrocene-functionalized unsymmetrical benzo[b]thienyl-thienylethene photoswitch with a cyclopentene core. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Peng X, Deng JG, Xu HB. Substituent and solvent effects on the fluorescent and photochromic properties of 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole containing diarylethene derivatives. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Bianchini G, Sorella GL, Canever N, Scarso A, Strukul G. Efficient isonitrile hydration through encapsulation within a hexameric self-assembled capsule and selective inhibition by a photo-controllable competitive guest. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5322-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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