1
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Sutter PJ, Kang G, Vellalath S, Romo D. Zinc-mediated carboxylations of allylic and propargylic halides in flow: synthesis of β-lactones via subsequent bromolactonization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3468-3473. [PMID: 36756578 PMCID: PMC9871729 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-mediated carboxylation of allylic halides under flow conditions delivered β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids and subsequent bromolactonization provides a streamlined process for the synthesis of γ-bromo-β-lactones. The described process further demonstrates the utility of organozinc reagents prepared by passage of allylic halides through a metallic zinc column integrated into a flow process. Use of a tube-in-tube reactor for efficient CO2 introduction led to improvements in conversion compared to a batch process and improved overall yields of β-lactones. The described flow process was also applied to propargylic bromides for the synthesis of allenic and propargylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Sutter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityWaco 76798TexasUSA
| | - Guowei Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA .,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla 92037 California USA
| | - Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA
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2
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Faramarzi Z, Kiyani H. Steglich’s Base Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of Isoxazol-5-Ones. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2061533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamzeh Kiyani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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3
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Zong Y, Xu Z, Zhu R, Su A, Liu X, Zhu M, Han J, Zhang J, Xu Y, Lou H. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Manginoids A and C and Guignardones A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Ze‐Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Rong‐Xiu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Ai‐Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Xu‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Ming‐Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Jing‐Jing Han
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Jiao‐Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Yu‐Liang Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Hong‐Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry Key Lab of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
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4
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Zong Y, Xu ZJ, Zhu RX, Su AH, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Han JJ, Zhang JZ, Xu YL, Lou HX. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Manginoids A and C and Guignardones A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15286-15290. [PMID: 33876516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective synthetic approach for preparing manginoids and guignardones, two types of biogenetically related meroterpenoids, is reported. This bioinspired and divergent synthesis employs an oxidative 1,3-dicarbonyl radical-initiated cyclization and cyclodehydration of the common precursor to forge the central ring of the manginoids and guignardones, respectively, at a late stage. Key synthetic steps include silica-gel-promoted semipinacol rearrangement to form the 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of vinyl bromide to achieve fragment coupling. This synthesis protocol enables the asymmetric syntheses of four fungal meroterpenoids from commercially available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rong-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Liang Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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5
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Zhu CF, Zhang J, Zhu YL, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Wang DC, Jiang B. A photoinduced arene–alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1-alkynylnaphthalen-2-ols for tunable synthesis of skeletally diverse bridged hexacycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced solvent-dependent cyclodimerizations of 1-alkynylnaphthalen-2-ols were developed for the first time, producing skeletally diverse bridged hexacyclic architectures with good yields and high stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - De-Cai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
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6
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Synthesis of Fused Indoline‐Cyclobutanone Derivatives via an Intramolecular [2+2] Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Tao Y, Reisenauer K, Taube JH, Romo D. Total Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of (+)‐Hypercalin C and Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Tao
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor University 101 Bagby Ave. Waco TX 76798 USA
| | | | - Joseph H. Taube
- Department of BiologyBaylor University 101 Bagby Ave. Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor University 101 Bagby Ave. Waco TX 76798 USA
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8
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Tao Y, Reisenauer K, Taube JH, Romo D. Total Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of (+)-Hypercalin C and Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2734-2738. [PMID: 30600887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hypercalins are dearomatized acylphloroglucinols with a pendant complex cyclopentane ring that exhibit activity against several cancer cell lines. We report the first total synthesis of (+)-hypercalin C employing a convergent strategy that enabled the dissection of the essential structural features required for the observed anticancer activity. A strategic disconnection involving an unusual C sp 3 -C sp 2 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with an α-bromo enolether also revealed an unexpected C-H activation. This strategy targeted designed analogues along the synthetic route to address particular biological questions. These results support the hypothesis that hypercalin C may act as a proton shuttle with the dearomatized acylphloroglucinol moiety being essential for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Keighley Reisenauer
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Joseph H Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave., Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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9
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Abstract
Dysoline, a novel chromone alkaloid isolated from Dysoxylum binectariferum, was reported to have selective cytotoxicity for HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (IC50 of 0.21 μM). Given the scarcity of natural material, a concise synthesis of (+)-dysoline was developed, allowing for further biological evaluation. An enantioselective nucleophile-catalyzed aldol lactonization formed the piperidine ring with control of relative and absolute stereochemistry. Construction of the C6-chromone core with complete regioselectivity was achieved using a Danheiser benzannulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Coffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Chemistry , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. , Dallas , Texas 75390-0938 , United States
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Chemistry , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. , Dallas , Texas 75390-0938 , United States
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10
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Straub MR, Birman VB. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Fluoro-β-amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:7550-7553. [PMID: 30481033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cyclocondensation of N-sulfonylimines with fluoroacetic acid promoted by isothiourea catalyst HBTM-2 generates 3-fluoro-β-lactams with high enantio- and diastereoselectivity. These reactive compounds are opened with alcohols or amines to produce the corresponding α-fluoro-β-amino acid derivatives in moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Straub
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Vladimir B Birman
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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11
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Kong W, Romo D. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Bi- and Tricyclic N-Heterocycle-Fused β-Lactones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13161-13170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixu Kong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76710, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76710, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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12
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Mondal S, Mukherjee S, Das TK, Gonnade RG, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized β-Lactones by NHC-Catalyzed Aldol Lactonization of Ketoacids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9223-9228. [PMID: 28774172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed intramolecular aldol lactonization of readily available ketoacids leading to the enantioselective synthesis of cyclopentane-fused β-lactones is presented. The reaction proceeds via the generation of NHC-bound enolate intermediates formed from the ketoacids in the presence of the peptide coupling reagent HATU and NHC generated from the chiral triazolium salt. The functionalized β-lactones are formed under mild conditions in high yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Tamal Kanti Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110020, India
| | | | - Akkattu T Biju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , New Delhi 110020, India
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13
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Mondal S, Mukherjee S, Das TK, Gonnade R, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aldol-Lactonization of Ketoacids via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Tamal Kanti Das
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | | | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
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14
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Cao J, Dong S, Jiang D, Zhu P, Zhang H, Li R, Li Z, Wang X, Tang W, Du D. β-Functionalization of Indolin-2-one-Derived Aliphatic Acids for the Divergent Synthesis of Spirooxindole γ-Butyrolactones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4186-4193. [PMID: 28326774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-Functionalization of indolin-2-one-derived aliphatic acids has been applied in formal [3 + 2] annualtions for catalyst-free and divergent synthesis of two series of structurally interesting 3,3'-spirooxindole γ-butyrolactones that may be attractive for potential drug discovery. These findings also pave the way for further diversity-oriented synthesis of spirooxindoles starting from indolin-2-one-derived aliphatic acids or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shuding Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Delu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weifang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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15
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Wang S, Izquierdo J, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Pericàs MA. Asymmetric [4 + 2] Annulation Reactions Catalyzed by a Robust, Immobilized Isothiourea. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoulei Wang
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Zhang JQ, Li NK, Yin SJ, Sun BB, Fan WT, Wang XW. Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael-Intramolecular Aldol-Lactonization Cascade for Enantioselective Construction of β-Propiolactone-Fused Spiro[cyclopentane-oxindoles]. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Tai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
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17
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Matviitsuk A, Taylor JE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective Stereodivergent Nucleophile-Dependent Isothiourea-Catalysed Domino Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:17748-17757. [PMID: 27727506 PMCID: PMC5132085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated acyl ammoniums generated from the reaction of α,β-unsaturated 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) esters bearing a pendent enone with an isothiourea organocatalyst are versatile intermediates in a range of enantioselective nucleophile-dependent domino processes to form complex products of diverse topology with excellent stereoselectivity. Use of either 1,3-dicarbonyls, acyl benzothiazoles, or acyl benzimidazoles as nucleophiles allows three distinct, diastereodivergent domino reaction pathways to be accessed to form various fused polycyclic cores containing multiple contiguous stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Matviitsuk
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St. Andrews, North HaughSt. AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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18
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Vellalath S, Romo D. Asymmetric Organocatalysis: The Emerging Utility of α,β-Unsaturated Acylammonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13934-13943. [PMID: 27650693 PMCID: PMC5523468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although acylammonium salts are well-studied, chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts have received much less attention. While these intermediates are convenient synthons, which are readily available from several commodity unsaturated acids and acid chlorides, and possess three reactive sites, their application in organic synthesis has been limited because of the lack of appropriate chiral Lewis bases for their generation. In recent years, the utility of chiral, unsaturated acylammonium salts has expanded considerably, thus demonstrating the unique reactivity of this intermediate leading to the development of a diverse array of catalytic, asymmetric transformations including organocascade processes. This Minireview highlights the recent and growing interest in these intermediates which might spark further research into their untapped potential for asymmetric organocascade catalysis. A cursory comparison is made to related unsaturated iminium and acylazolium intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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19
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Vellalath S, Romo D. Asymmetrische Organokatalyse: α,β‐ungesättigte Acylammoniumsalze erweisen sich als immer nützlicher. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor University Waco TX 76798 USA
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20
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Morrill LC, Smith AD. Organocatalytic Lewis base functionalisation of carboxylic acids, esters and anhydrides via C1-ammonium or azolium enolates. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:6214-26. [PMID: 24867308 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights the organocatalytic Lewis base functionalisation of carboxylic acids, esters and anhydrides via C1-ammonium/azolium enolates. The generation and synthetic utility of these powerful intermediates is highlighted through their application in various methodologies including aldol-lactonisations, Michael-lactonisations/lactamisations and [2,3]-rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C Morrill
- EastCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UKKY16 9ST.
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21
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Gamedze MP, Nkambule CM. Dibutyltin oxide mediated diastereoselective cyclodehydration/sulfonylation of 1,2,4-triols. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Xie Y, Yu C, Li T, Tu S, Yao C. An NHC-catalyzed in situ activation strategy to β-functionalize saturated carboxylic acid: an enantioselective formal [3+2] annulation for spirocyclic oxindolo-γ-butyrolactones. Chemistry 2015; 21:5355-9. [PMID: 25689040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An in situ NHC-catalyzed activation strategy to β-functionalize saturated carboxylic acid was developed. This asymmetric formal [3+2] annulation could deliver spirocyclic oxindolo-γ-butyrolactones from saturated carboxylic acid and isatin in good yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The easy availability of the starting materials, direct installation of functional units at unreactive carbon atom and the convergent assembly make this protocol attractive in the field of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116 (P.R. China)
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23
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Yeh PP, Daniels DSB, Fallan C, Gould E, Simal C, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Exploring the scope of the isothiourea-mediated synthesis of dihydropyridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2177-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploration and expansion of the scope of the isothiourea-mediated synthesis of dihydropyridinones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Yeh
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - Eoin Gould
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - Carmen Simal
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
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24
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Harvey NL, Krysiak J, Chamni S, Cho SW, Sieber SA, Romo D. Synthesis of (±)-Spongiolactone Enabling Discovery of a More Potent Derivative. Chemistry 2014; 21:1425-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Lee A, Younai A, Price CK, Izquierdo J, Mishra RK, Scheidt KA. Enantioselective annulations for dihydroquinolones by in situ generation of azolium enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10589-92. [PMID: 25017004 PMCID: PMC4120988 DOI: 10.1021/ja505880r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A convergent, catalytic asymmetric formal [4 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of dihydroquinolones has been developed. Carboxylic acids can be employed as precursors to NHC enolates through an in situ activation strategy. Simultaneous generation of a reactive aza-o-quinone methide under the basic conditions employed for NHC generation leads to a dual activation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashkaan Younai
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher K. Price
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rama K. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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26
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Jiang S, Hu B, Yu X, Deng W. Fc-PIP Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis ofcis-2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Smith SR, Leckie SM, Holmes R, Douglas J, Fallan C, Shapland P, Pryde D, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. α-Ketophosphonates as ester surrogates: isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric diester and lactone synthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:2506-9. [PMID: 24734989 DOI: 10.1021/ol500873s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Isothiourea HBTM-2.1 catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition/lactonization of aryl- and alkenylacetic acids using α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated phosphonates as α,β-unsaturated ester surrogates, giving access to a diverse range of stereodefined lactones or enantioenriched functionalized diesters upon ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan R Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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28
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Smith SR, Douglas J, Prevet H, Shapland P, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Lactams and β-Amino Esters from Arylacetic Acid Derivatives and N-Sulfonylaldimines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402590m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan R. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James Douglas
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Hugues Prevet
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Peter Shapland
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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29
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Morrill LC, Smith SM, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-mediated asymmetric functionalization of 3-alkenoic acids. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1640-55. [PMID: 24498850 DOI: 10.1021/jo402591v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isothiourea HBTM-2.1 promotes the catalytic asymmetric α-functionalization of 3-alkenoic acids through formal [2 + 2] cycloadditions with N-tosyl aldimines and formal [4 + 2] cycloadditions with either 4-aryltrifluoromethyl enones or N-aryl-N-aroyl diazenes, providing useful synthetic building blocks in good yield and with excellent enantiocontrol (up to >99% ee). Stereodefined products are amenable to further synthetic elaboration through manipulation of the olefinic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C Morrill
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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30
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Yeh PP, Daniels DSB, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Substituted 2-Pyrones. Org Lett 2014; 16:964-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Yeh
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David S. B. Daniels
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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31
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Johnston RC, Cohen DT, Eichman CC, Scheidt KA, Cheong PHY. Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of a Dynamic Racemate: Highly Stereoselective β-Lactone Formation by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Chem Sci 2014; 5:1974-1982. [PMID: 25045464 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the combined experimental and computational elucidation of the mechanism and origins of stereoselectivities in the NHC-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of α-substituted-β-ketoesters. Density functional theory computations reveal that the NHC-catalyzed DKR proceeds by two mechanisms, depending on the stereochemistry around the forming bond: 1) a concerted, asynchronous formal (2+2) aldol-lactonization process, or 2) a stepwise spiro-lactonization mechanism where the alkoxide is trapped by the NHC-catalyst. These mechanisms contrast significantly from mechanisms found and postulated in other related transformations. Conjugative stabilization of the electrophile and non-classical hydrogen bonds are key in controlling the stereoselectivity. This reaction constitutes an interesting class of DKRs in which the catalyst is responsible for the kinetic resolution to selectively and irreversibly capture an enantiomer of a substrate undergoing rapid racemization with the help of an exogenous base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryne C Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad C Eichman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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32
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Compton CL, Schmitz KR, Sauer RT, Sello JK. Antibacterial activity of and resistance to small molecule inhibitors of the ClpP peptidase. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2669-77. [PMID: 24047344 DOI: 10.1021/cb400577b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is rapidly mounting evidence that intracellular proteases in bacteria are compelling targets for antibacterial drugs. Multiple reports suggest that the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other actinobacteria may be particularly sensitive to small molecules that perturb the activities of self-compartmentalized peptidases, which catalyze intracellular protein turnover as components of ATP-dependent proteolytic machines. Here, we report chemical syntheses and evaluations of structurally diverse β-lactones, which have a privileged structure for selective, suicide inhibition of the self-compartmentalized ClpP peptidase. β-Lactones with certain substituents on the α- and β-carbons were found to be toxic to M. tuberculosis. Using an affinity-labeled analogue of a bioactive β-lactone in a series of chemical proteomic experiments, we selectively captured the ClpP1P2 peptidase from live cultures of two different actinobacteria that are related to M. tuberculosis. Importantly, we found that the growth inhibitory β-lactones also inactivate the M. tuberculosis ClpP1P2 peptidase in vitro via formation of a covalent adduct at the ClpP2 catalytic serine. Given the potent antibacterial activity of these compounds and their medicinal potential, we sought to identify innate mechanisms of resistance. Using a genome mining strategy, we identified a genetic determinant of β-lactone resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor, a non-pathogenic relative of M. tuberculosis. Collectively, these findings validate the potential of ClpP inhibition as a strategy in antibacterial drug development and define a mechanism by which bacteria could resist the toxic effects of ClpP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L. Compton
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Karl R. Schmitz
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert T. Sauer
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason K. Sello
- Department
of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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33
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Feng Y, Majireck MM, Weinreb SM. Total syntheses of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (±)-alstilobanine A and E and (±)-angustilodine. J Org Chem 2013; 79:7-24. [PMID: 24319990 DOI: 10.1021/jo402495q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy has been developed culminating in stereoselective total syntheses of the small class of unusual monoterpenoid indole alkaloids exemplified by alstilobanines A (3) and E (2) and angustilodine (1). A pivotal step includes a novel intermolecular Michael-type addition of an indole ester dianion to a piperidine-derived nitrosoalkene to form the C15, C16 bond of the alkaloids. In addition, an application of the Romo protocol for effecting a stereoselective intramolecular nucleophile-assisted aldol-lactonization was employed, leading to a β-lactone incorporating the requisite cis-fused 2-azadecalin moiety and also setting the C15, C19, C20 relative stereochemistry of the metabolites. It was then possible to stereoselectively effect an aldolization of a dianion derived from this indole ester β-lactone intermediate with formaldehyde to introduce the requisite C16 hydroxymethyl group. Further manipulations of the system ultimately led to the three alkaloids in racemic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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34
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Rapid assembly of complex cyclopentanes employing chiral, α,β-unsaturated acylammonium intermediates. Nat Chem 2013; 5:1049-57. [PMID: 24256870 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the intention of improving synthetic efficiency, organic chemists have turned to bioinspired organocascade or domino processes that generate multiple bonds and stereocentres in a single operation. However, despite the great importance of substituted cyclopentanes, given their prevalence in complex natural products and pharmaceutical agents, the rapid, enantioselective assembly of these carbocycles lags behind cyclohexanes. Here, we describe a Michael-aldol-β-lactonization organocascade process for the synthesis of complex cyclopentanes utilizing chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium intermediates, readily generated by activation of commodity unsaturated acid chlorides with chiral isothiourea catalysts. This efficient methodology enables the construction of two C-C bonds, one C-O bond, two rings and up to three contiguous stereogenic centres delivering complex cyclopentanes with high levels of relative and absolute stereocontrol. Our results suggest that α,β-unsaturated acylammonium intermediates have broad utility for the design of organocascade and multicomponent processes, with the latter demonstrated by a Michael-Michael-aldol-β-lactonization.
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35
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Stark DG, Morrill LC, Yeh PP, Slawin AMZ, O'Riordan TJC, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Stark DG, Morrill LC, Yeh PP, Slawin AMZ, O'Riordan TJC, Smith AD. Isothiourea-mediated one-pot synthesis of functionalized pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11642-6. [PMID: 24106063 PMCID: PMC4065352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acids to bases: The synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines from (phenylthio)acetic acid and a range of α,β-unsaturated ketimines is reported. This process proceeds by intermolecular Michael addition/lactamization, thiophenol elimination, and N- to O-sulfonyl migration, giving 2-sulfonate-substituted pyridines which are readily derivatized to generate structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Stark
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST (UK) http://ch-www.st-andrews.ac.uk/staff/ads/group/
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37
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Morrill LC, Douglas J, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Fox DJ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-mediated asymmetric Michael-lactonisation of trifluoromethylenones: a synthetic and mechanistic study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51791h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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38
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Cohen DT, Eichman CC, Phillips EM, Zarefsky ER, Scheidt KA. Catalytic dynamic kinetic resolutions with N-heterocyclic carbenes: asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted β-lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7309-13. [PMID: 22700327 PMCID: PMC3489928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New DKR type: An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic α-substituted β-keto esters has been developed. This method relies on the epimerization of an NHC-enol intermediate before subsequent aldol/acylation events. Highly substituted β-lactones are produced in good yield with good to excellent selectivities (see scheme).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Chad C. Eichman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Eric M. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Emily R. Zarefsky
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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39
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Cohen DT, Eichman CC, Phillips EM, Zarefsky ER, Scheidt KA. Catalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β-Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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