1
|
Limberakis C, Smith AC, Bagley SW, Yayla HG, Kung DW, Griffith DA. Convergent Syntheses of Isomeric Imidazolospiroketones as Templates for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13727-13740. [PMID: 37751412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of imidazole fused spirocyclic ketones as templates for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. By completing the spirocyclic ring closure via divergent pathways, the synthesis of these regioisomers from common intermediates was developed. Through an aldehyde homologation/transmetalation strategy, one isomer was formed selectively. The second desired isomer was obtained via an intramolecular aromatic homolytic substitution reaction. Preparation of these isomeric spiroketones provided templates which, upon elaboration, led to key structure-activity relationship (SAR) points for delivery of potent ACC inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hatice G Yayla
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Kung
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwarz A, Hecko S, Rudroff F, Kohrt JT, Howard RM, Winkler M. Cell-free in vitro reduction of carboxylates to aldehydes: With crude enzyme preparations to a key pharmaceutical building block. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000315. [PMID: 33245607 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of practical methods for aldehyde synthesis in chemistry necessitates the development of mild, selective procedures. Carboxylic acid reductases catalyze aldehyde formation from stable carboxylic acid precursors in an aqueous solution. Carboxylic acid reductases were employed to catalyze aldehyde formation in a cell-free system with activation energy and reducing equivalents provided through auxiliary proteins for ATP and NADPH recycling. In situ product removal was used to suppress over-reduction due to background enzyme activities, and an N-protected 4-formyl-piperidine pharma synthon was prepared in 61% isolated yield. This is the first report of preparative aldehyde synthesis with carboxylic acid reductases employing crude, commercially available enzyme preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwarz
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Area Biotransformation, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey T Kohrt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Applied Synthesis Technologies - Biocatalysis, Groton, USA
| | - Roger M Howard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Applied Synthesis Technologies - Biocatalysis, Groton, USA
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Area Biotransformation, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huard K, Smith AC, Cappon G, Dow RL, Edmonds DJ, El-Kattan A, Esler WP, Fernando DP, Griffith DA, Kalgutkar AS, Ross TT, Bagley SW, Beebe D, Bi YA, Cabral S, Crowley C, Doran SD, Dowling MS, Liras S, Mascitti V, Niosi M, Pfefferkorn JA, Polivkova J, Préville C, Price DA, Shavnya A, Shirai N, Smith AH, Southers JR, Tess DA, Thuma BA, Varma MV, Yang X. Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10879-10896. [PMID: 32809824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William P Esler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie P Fernando
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Beebe
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-An Bi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Collin Crowley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Tess
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Thuma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V Varma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palanivel A, Mubeen S, Warner T, Ahmed N, Clive DLJ. Formation of Enol Ethers by Radical Decarboxylation of α-Alkoxy β-Phenylthio Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12542-12552. [PMID: 31462047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enol ethers are formed by radical decarboxylation of α-alkoxy β-phenylthio acids via the corresponding Barton esters. The phenylthio acids were usually made by the known regioselective reaction of α,β-epoxy acids with PhSH in the presence of InCl3, followed by O-alkylation of the resulting alcohol. In one case, thiol addition to an α,β-unsaturated ethoxymethyl ester was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Palanivel
- Chemistry Department , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- Chemistry Department , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Thomas Warner
- Chemistry Department , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Nayeem Ahmed
- Chemistry Department , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Derrick L J Clive
- Chemistry Department , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Duan Y, Wei H, Ning H, Bi C, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Li Y. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and recent developments in ACC1/2 inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:917-930. [PMID: 31430206 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1657825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) is an essential rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid metabolism. For many years, ACC inhibitors have gained great attention for developing therapeutics for various human diseases including microbial infections, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Areas covered: We present a comprehensive review and update of ACC inhibitors. We look at the current advance of ACC inhibitors in clinical studies and the implications in drug discovery. We searched ScienceDirect ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/ ), ACS ( https://pubs.acs.org/ ), Wiley ( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ), NCBI ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) and World Health Organization ( https://www.who.int/ ). The keywords used were Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, lipid, inhibitors and metabolic syndrome. All documents were published before June 2019. Expert opinion: The key regulatory role of ACC in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation pathways makes it an attractive target for various metabolic diseases. In particular, the combination of ACC inhibitors with other drugs is a new strategy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Expanding the clinical indications for ACC inhibitors will be one of the hot directions in the future. It is also worth looking forward to exploring safe and efficient inhibitors that act on the BC domain of ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Huiqiang Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Hongxin Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Changfen Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology , Chongqing , China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan RJ, Xiao BX, Ouyang Q, Liang HP, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Dearomative Formal [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of N,4-Dialkylpyridinium Salts and Enones To Construct Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Frameworks. Org Lett 2018; 20:8000-8003. [PMID: 30525703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric dearomative formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of activated N,4-dialkylpyridinium salts and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones was developed by the cascade iminium ion-enamine catalysis of a cinchona-derived amine. A spectrum of valuable azaspiro[5.5]undecane architectures was efficiently constructed with high to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ben-Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, and College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wei Q, Mei L, Yang Y, Ma H, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhou J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel spiro-pentacylamides as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3866-3874. [PMID: 30049586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, ACC inhibition offers a promising option for intervention in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cancer. In this paper, a series of spiropentacylamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ACC1/2 inhibitory activities and anti-proliferation effects on A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines in vitro. Compound 6o displayed potent ACC1/2 inhibitory activity (ACC1 IC50 = 0.527 μM, ACC2 IC50 = 0.397 μM) and the most potent anti-proliferation activities against A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.92 μM, 0.38 μM, 1.22 μM, 2.05 μM and 5.42 μM respectively. Further molecular docking studies revealed that compound 6o maintained hydrogen bonds between the two carbonyls and protein backbone NHs (Glu-B2026 and Gly-B1958). These results indicate that compound 6o is a promising ACC1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liankuo Mei
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hui Ma
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The therapeutic voyage of pyrazole and its analogs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:170-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
9
|
Synthesis and fungicidal activity of substituted 6-azolylmethyl-7-benzylidenespiro[4.5]decan-6-ols. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Griffith DA, Kung DW, Esler WP, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Beysen C, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Doran SD, Limberakis C, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson K, Price DA, Ravussin E, Sonnenberg GE, Southers JA, Sweet LJ, Turner SM, Vajdos FF. Decreasing the rate of metabolic ketone reduction in the discovery of a clinical acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10512-26. [PMID: 25423286 PMCID: PMC4281100 DOI: 10.1021/jm5016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Acetyl-CoA
carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors offer significant potential
for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hepatic steatosis,
and cancer. However, the identification of tool compounds suitable
to test the hypothesis in human trials has been challenging. An advanced
series of spirocyclic ketone-containing ACC inhibitors recently reported
by Pfizer were metabolized in vivo by ketone reduction, which complicated
human pharmacology projections. We disclose that this metabolic reduction
can be greatly attenuated through introduction of steric hindrance
adjacent to the ketone carbonyl. Incorporation of weakly basic functionality
improved solubility and led to the identification of 9 as a clinical candidate for the treatment of T2DM. Phase I clinical
studies demonstrated dose-proportional increases in exposure, single-dose
inhibition of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and changes in indirect calorimetry
consistent with increased whole-body fatty acid oxidation. This demonstration
of target engagement validates the use of compound 9 to
evaluate the role of DNL in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and ∥Clinical Research Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bourbeau MP, Bartberger MD. Recent advances in the development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease. J Med Chem 2014; 58:525-36. [PMID: 25333641 DOI: 10.1021/jm500695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disease has been pursued by the pharmaceutical industry for some time. A number of recent disclosures describing potent ACC inhibitors have been reported by multiple research groups. Unlike many prior publications in this area, more recent publications contain a significant amount of in vivo efficacy data generated by long-term experiments in rodent models of metabolic disease. Additionally, one compound has been advanced to human clinical studies. The results from these studies should allow researchers to better gauge the potential utility of ACC inhibition for the treatment of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Bourbeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc. , 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ivonin SP, Kurpil’ BB, Rusanov EB, Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM. N-Alkylhydrazones of aliphatic ketones in the synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted non-symmetric pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Huard K, Bagley SW, Menhaji-Klotz E, Préville C, Southers JA, Smith AC, Edmonds DJ, Lucas JC, Dunn MF, Allanson NM, Blaney EL, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Kohrt JT, Griffith DA, Dow RL. Synthesis of Spiropiperidine Lactam Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10050-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3014808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W. Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elnaz Menhaji-Klotz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A. Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C. Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John C. Lucas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Dunn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nigel M. Allanson
- Peakdale Molecular Ltd, Peakdale Science Park, Sheffield Road, Chapel-en-le-Frith,
High Peak, SK23 0PG, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Blaney
- Peakdale Molecular Ltd, Peakdale Science Park, Sheffield Road, Chapel-en-le-Frith,
High Peak, SK23 0PG, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen N. Garcia-Irizarry
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Kohrt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A. Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L. Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:863-91. [PMID: 22869039 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-dependent carboxylases include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), geranyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and urea carboxylase (UC). They contain biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT), and biotin-carboxyl carrier protein components. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilization, and other cellular processes. ACCs are also attractive targets for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and other diseases, and the plastid ACC of grasses is the target of action of three classes of commercial herbicides. Deficiencies in the activities of PCC, MCC, or PC are linked to serious diseases in humans. Our understanding of these enzymes has been greatly enhanced over the past few years by the crystal structures of the holoenzymes of PCC, MCC, PC, and UC. The structures reveal unanticipated features in the architectures of the holoenzymes, including the presence of previously unrecognized domains, and provide a molecular basis for understanding their catalytic mechanism as well as the large collection of disease-causing mutations in PCC, MCC, and PC. This review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge on the structure and function of these important metabolic enzymes.
Collapse
|