1
|
Edelmann MR. Radiolabelling small and biomolecules for tracking and monitoring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32383-32400. [PMID: 36425706 PMCID: PMC9650631 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelling small molecules with beta-emitters has been intensively explored in the last decades and novel concepts for the introduction of radionuclides continue to be reported regularly. New catalysts that induce carbon/hydrogen activation are able to incorporate isotopes such as deuterium or tritium into small molecules. However, these established labelling approaches have limited applicability for nucleic acid-based drugs, therapeutic antibodies, or peptides, which are typical of the molecules now being investigated as novel therapeutic modalities. These target molecules are usually larger (significantly >1 kDa), mostly multiply charged, and often poorly soluble in organic solvents. However, in preclinical research they often require radiolabelling in order to track and monitor drug candidates in metabolism, biotransformation, or pharmacokinetic studies. Currently, the most established approach to introduce a tritium atom into an oligonucleotide is based on a multistep synthesis, which leads to a low specific activity with a high level of waste and high costs. The most common way of tritiating peptides is using appropriate precursors. The conjugation of a radiolabelled prosthetic compound to a functional group within a protein sequence is a commonly applied way to introduce a radionuclide or a fluorescent tag into large molecules. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in different radiolabelling approaches for oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins, as well as a critical assessment of the impact of the label on the properties of the modified molecules. Furthermore, applications of radiolabelled antibodies in biodistribution studies of immune complexes and imaging of brain targets are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Edelmann
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Isotope Synthesis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Diels-Alder reactions of 1-amino-1,3-dienes and related systems. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Mäkelä MK, Bulatov E, Malinen K, Talvitie J, Nieger M, Melchionna M, Lenarda A, Hu T, Wirtanen T, Helaja J. Carbocatalytic Cascade Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinolines from Aldehydes and 2‐Vinyl Anilines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko K. Mäkelä
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Evgeny Bulatov
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Kiia Malinen
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juulia Talvitie
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Anna Lenarda
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry Faculty of Technology University of Oulu, FI- 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juho Helaja
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Supramolecular Diversity of Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octenes Formed between Substituted 2H-Pyran-2-ones and Vinyl-Moiety-Containing Dienophiles. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Diels–Alder reactions, 2H-pyran-2-ones as dienes can yield a large variety of cycloadducts with up to four contiguous carbon stereogenic centers. Some of the potentially most useful, however difficult to prepare due to their low thermal stability, are the primary CO2-containing oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octenes, which could be formed as eight distinctive isomers (two sets of regioisomers, each of these composed of four different stereoisomers). A high-pressure synthesis of such products was recently described in a few cases where vinyl-moiety-containing dienophiles were used as synthetic equivalents of acetylene. However, structures of the primary products have been so far only rarely investigated in detail. Herein, we present seven novel single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of such cycloadducts of both stereoisomeric forms, i.e., endo and exo. Additionally, we present a single-crystal structure of a rare case of a cyclohexadiene system stable at room temperature, obtained as a secondary product upon the retro-hetero-Diels–Alder elimination of CO2 under thermal conditions (microwave irradiation), during this elimination the symmetry is increased and out of eight initially possible isomers of the reactant, this number in the product is decreased to four. In oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octene compounds, centrosymmetric hydrogen bonding was found to be the predominant motif and diverse supramolecular patterns were observed due to rich variety of C–H⋯O and C–H⋯π interactions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
We report an easy multicomponent synthesis of polycyclic isoindoles from cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls, aldehydes, isocyanides, and maleimides. The key step consists of the one-pot Diels-Alder trapping of a reactive 2-aminofuran intermediate, formed by a sequence of a Knoevenagel condensation and a [4+1] cycloaddition. Moreover, a further microwave-promoted dehydrogenative N-C bond forming reaction allows the straightforward synthesis of a natural product like isoindolocarbazole, validating the utility of our methodology to obtain isoindoles as useful intermediates for the synthesis of complex polycyclic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bornadiego
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Extremadura , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Extremadura , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| | - Carlos F Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Extremadura , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Kantner T, Watts AG. Characterization of Reactions between Water-Soluble Trialkylphosphines and Thiol Alkylating Reagents: Implications for Protein-Conjugation Reactions. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2400-2406. [PMID: 27602944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble trialkylphosphines such as tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and trishydroxypropyl phosphine (THPP) are effective agents for reducing disulfide bonds in proteins and are increasingly becoming the reagents of choice for bioconjugation strategies that modify cysteine (thiol containing) amino acids. These reducing agents are often considered as being chemically compatible with Michael acceptors such as maleimides and, as such, are often not removed prior to performing protein conjugation reactions. Here, we demonstrate the rapid and irreversible reaction of both TCEP and THPP with derivatives of the commonly employed thiol alkylating groups, maleimide and vinyl sulfone. Mechanistic investigations revealed distinct differences between the reactions of TCEP and THPP with maleimide, leading to the production of either nonproductive ylenes or succidimidyl derivatives, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrate the incorporation of nonproductive ylenes formed between maleimide and TCEP into the Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide Pn6b following strategies employed toward the production of conjugate vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence Kantner
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Watts
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krivec M, Perdih F, Košmrlj J, Kočevar M. Regioselective Hydrolysis and Transesterification of Dimethyl 3-Benzamidophthalates Assisted by a Neighboring Amide Group. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5732-9. [PMID: 27281457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, highly regioselective hydrolysis and transesterification of dimethyl 3-benzamidophthalates into the corresponding carboxylic acid monoesters and mixed esters (including tert-butyl esters) under basic conditions is presented. The selectivity is governed by the neighboring 3-benzamido moiety's participation and by the nature of the solvent. In alcohols the reaction occurred exclusively at the ortho-position to the benzamido functionality, in pyridine or acetonitrile at both ester groups. An insight into the mechanistic pathway was obtained from a (1)H NMR study in perdeuteromethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Krivec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suljagić J, Juranovič A, Krivec M, Kranjc K, Kočevar M. Chloranil as an Efficient Oxidant of the Cyclohexadiene Intermediates Formed by a Cycloaddition of Substituted 2 H-Pyran-2-ones and Styrenes En Route to the Boscalid Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Suljagić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- On leave from: Faculty of Technology; University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8; BA-75000 Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amadej Juranovič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Krivec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Krištof Kranjc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang P, Liu L, Chang W, Li J. An Unexpected Double Diels-Alder Reaction of (E)-2-Bromo-4-aryl-1,3-pentadiene Involving [1,5]-Hydrogen Migration and HBr Elimination: Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:548-52. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Oxydehydrogenative aromatization of fused 3-aminopyran-2-ones on carbon surfaces: a simple approach towards 3-amino-5-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
12
|
Bálint E, Takács J, Drahos L, Juranovič A, Kočevar M, Keglevich G. α-Aminophosphonates and α-Aminophosphine Oxides by the Microwave-Assisted Kabachnik-Fields Reactions of 3-Amino-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-ones. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Takács
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1521; Budapest; Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Chemical Research Center; 1525; Budapest; Hungary
| | - Amadej Juranovič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; 1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - Marijan Kočevar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; 1000; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1521; Budapest; Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schmidt BM, Topolinski B, Roesch P, Lentz D. Electron-poor N-substituted imide-fused corannulenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6520-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|