1
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Abstract
Calixarenes represent very popular building blocks in supramolecular chemistry. Compared to other macrocyclic families, they exhibit an almost infinite possibility of derivatization of the basic skeleton, which makes them ideal candidates for the design of new receptors or other functional systems. Although the chemistry of calixarenes is well established, there are still some substitution patterns that are unavailable or require a very lengthy synthetic approach. Among such synthetic challenges is the meta substitution of the aromatic skeleton (relative to phenolic oxygen), which, in conjunction with the 3D structure of calixarenes, leads to the inherent chirality and enables the synthesis of derivatives with a hitherto undescribed topology. This review deals with the current achievements in the meta substitution of calixarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP), Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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2
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Hodson L, Visagie KJ, Smith MP, Loots L, Kuter D, Snayer TM, Arnott GE. Facile synthesis of a C4-symmetrical inherently chiral calix[4]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11045-11048. [PMID: 34617530 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inherently chiral calix[4]arenes with C4-symmetry are extremely rare and difficult to synthesise, severely hampering any effort to expand on their potential as chiral supramolecular catalysts and building blocks. Herein we report a reaction of a tetracarbamate calix[4]arene with NBS which results in a high yield of an inherently chiral calix[4]arenes with C4-symmetry. Furthermore, employing a chiral N-Boc proline moiety allows for separation of the diastereomers formed, thus obtaining the pure enantiomers after hydrolysis. The enantiomers could be assigned based on the CD spectra and DFT calculated values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hodson
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Kevin J Visagie
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Michael-Phillip Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - David Kuter
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Trégen M Snayer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Gareth E Arnott
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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3
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Kortus D, Eigner V, Lhoták P. Regio- and stereoselectivity of spirodienone formation in 2,14-dithiacalix[4]arene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the mixed-bridge system the thiacalixarene fragment (Ar–S–Ar) is much more prone to spirocyclization than the calixarene one (Ar–CH2–Ar).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kortus
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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4
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Landovský T, Eigner V, Babor M, Tichotová M, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Regioselective SNAr reaction of the phenoxathiin-based thiacalixarene as a route to a novel macrocyclic skeleton. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:78-81. [PMID: 31790110 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a novel type of macrocyclic skeleton possessing meta- and para-bridging units can be achieved by SNAr cleavage of an easily accessible phenoxathiin-based thiacalix[4]arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Landovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Václav Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Babor
- Department of Solid State Chemistry
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Dvořáková
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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5
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Landovský T, Tichotová M, Vrzal L, Budka J, Eigner V, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Structure elucidation of phenoxathiin-based thiacalix[4]arene conformations using NOE and RDC data. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Landovský T, Dvořáková H, Eigner V, Babor M, Krupička M, Kohout M, Lhoták P. Chemoselective oxidation of phenoxathiin-based thiacalix[4]arene and the stereoselective alkylation of products. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxathiin-based thiacalix[4]arene was subjected to exhaustive oxidation. Depending on the reaction conditions, the macrocyclic systems bearing four sulfonyl groups or three sulfonyl and one sulfoxide group are available in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Landovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - H. Dvořáková
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Eigner
- Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i
- 182 21 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Babor
- Department of Solid State Chemistry
- UCTP
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Krupička
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP)
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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7
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Arnott GE. Inherently Chiral Calixarenes: Synthesis and Applications. Chemistry 2017; 24:1744-1754. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth E. Arnott
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland South Africa
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8
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Slavík P, Eigner V, Böhm S, Lhoták P. Mercuration of calix[4]arenes immobilized in the 1,2- and 1,3-alternate conformations. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Tlustý M, Slavík P, Dvořáková H, Eigner V, Lhoták P. Synthesis and study of calix[4]arenes bearing azo moieties at the meta position. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Zhang WZ, Ma H, Xiang GY, Luo J, Chung WS. Calix[4]arenes with Combined Axial Chirality and Inherent Chirality: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration and Chiral Recognition. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhen Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; No. 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Hui Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; No. 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Guang-Ya Xiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; No. 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jun Luo
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; No. 13 Hangkong Road Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Stejskal F, Eigner V, Dvořáková H, Cuřínová P, Lhoták P. Direct C–H azidation of calix[4]arene as a novel method to access meta substituted derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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De Rosa M, Soriente A, Concilio G, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. Nucleophilic Functionalization of the Calix[6]arene Para- and Meta-Position via p-Bromodienone Route. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7295-300. [PMID: 26083470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is here demonstrated that the p-bromodienone route, previously reported for calix[4]arenes, is also effective for the functionalization of the calix[6]arene macrocycle. Thus, alcoholic O-nucleophiles can be introduced at the calix[6]arene exo rim. In addition, the reaction of a calix[6]arene p-bromodienone derivative with an actived aromatic substrate, such as resorcinol, led to the first example of a meta-functionalized, inherently chiral calix[6]arene derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardo Concilio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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13
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Vrzal L, Kratochvílová-Šimánová M, Landovský T, Polívková K, Budka J, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Application of RDC enhanced NMR spectroscopy in structural analysis of thiacalix[4]arene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9610-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The conformational behaviour of novel phenoxathiin-based skeletons was studied using the Residual Dipolar Coupling constant (RDC) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Vrzal
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | | | - T. Landovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - K. Polívková
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Budka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - H. Dvořáková
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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14
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Inherently Chiral Calix[5]arenes Incorporating an Axially Chiral Binaphthyl Moiety: Synthesis, Structures and Chiral Recognition. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Vrzal L, Flídrová K, Tobrman T, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Use of residual dipolar couplings in conformational analysis of meta-disubstituted calix[4]arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7590-2. [PMID: 24820209 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimercuration of tetrapropoxy calix[4]arene followed by a reaction with isoamyl nitrite afforded dinitroso regioisomers with unique substitution patterns. The unusual conformational behaviour of these inherently chiral systems was revealed by the combination of dynamic NMR and residual dipolar coupling (RDC) techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vrzal
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague (ICTP), Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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16
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Botha F, Böhm S, Dvořáková H, Eigner V, Lhoták P. Mercuration of thiacalix[4]arenes in the cone and 1,3-alternate conformations. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5136-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Flídrová K, Böhm S, Dvořáková H, Eigner V, Lhoták P. Dimercuration of Calix[4]arenes: Novel Substitution Pattern in Calixarene Chemistry. Org Lett 2013; 16:138-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Václav Eigner
- Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance
2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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18
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. The calixarene p-bromodienone route: from a chemical curiosity to an useful synthetic tool. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Han C, Gao L, Yu G, Zhang Z, Dong S, Huang F. Synthesis of a Difunctionalized Pillar[6]arene and Its Complexation with an Ammonium Salt Coupled to a Weakly Coordinating Counteranion. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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21
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Flídrová K, Slavík P, Eigner V, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. meta-Bridged calix[4]arenes: a straightforward synthesis via organomercurial chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6749-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Holub J, Eigner V, Vrzal L, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Calix[4]arenes with intramolecularly bridged meta positions prepared via Pd-catalysed double C–H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2798-800. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40655e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Slavík P, Flídrová K, Dvořáková H, Eigner V, Lhoták P. Meta-arylation of calixarenes using organomercurial chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5528-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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An inherently chiral calix[4]crown carboxylic acid in the partial cone conformation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Slavik P, Dudic M, Flidrova K, Sykora J, Cisarova I, Böhm S, Lhotak P. Unprecedented Meta-Substitution of Calixarenes: Direct Way to Inherently Chiral Derivatives. Org Lett 2012; 14:3628-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301420t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slavik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Dudic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Flidrova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sykora
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cisarova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Böhm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lhotak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Prague Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 6, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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