1
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Das A, Debnath S, Hota P, Das T, Maiti DK. K 2CO 3-Catalyzed Dual C-C-Coupled Cyclization to 3-Amino-4-benzoylbiphenyls and In Situ I 2-Catalyzed C-N Bond Forming Annulation: A Metal-Free Synthesis of Arylacridones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12986-12996. [PMID: 37659070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented metal-free cyclization catalysis reactions are developed in a highly regioselective fashion to synthesize 3-amino-4-benzoyl biphenyls and arylacridones with high atom economy. Catalytic K2CO3 is utilized as the only reagent for the unusual rapid dual C-C-coupled cyclization between β-keto enamines and cinnamaldehydes to furnish the functionalized biphenyls. Its C(sp2)-H functionalized C-N bond-forming cyclization was performed in situ using molecular I2 as a catalyst to furnish valuable arylacridones. Plausible mechanisms for the new cyclization reactions are predicted by conducting various control experiments and ESI-MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sudipto Debnath
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, 4-CN Block, Bidhannagar, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Poulami Hota
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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2
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Stammers E, Parsons CD, Clayden J, Lennox AJJ. Electrochemical synthesis of biaryls by reductive extrusion from N,N'-diarylureas. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4561. [PMID: 37507363 PMCID: PMC10382484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of biaryl compounds by the transition-metal free coupling of arenes is an important contemporary challenge, aiming to avoid the toxicity and cost profiles associated with the metal catalysts commonly used in the synthesis of these pharmaceutically relevant motifs. In this paper, we describe an electrochemical approach to the synthesis of biaryls in which aniline derivatives are coupled through the formation and reduction of a temporary urea linkage. The conformational alignment of the arenes in the N,N'-diaryl urea intermediates promotes C-C bond formation following single-electron reduction. Our optimized conditions are suitable for the synthesis of a variety of biaryls, including sterically hindered examples carrying ortho-substituents, representing complementary reactivity to most metal catalysed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Stammers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Chris D Parsons
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Alastair J J Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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3
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Li Z, Shen J, Jiang Q, Shen S, Zhou J, Zeng H. Directionally aligned crown ethers as superactive organocatalysts for transition metal ion-free arylation of unactivated arenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200303. [PMID: 35560810 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When one-dimensionally aligned to the same side, multiple non-covalently associated crown ether groups could act as a whole to yield a higher catalytic activity than an individual poorly active crown ether group, delivering the lowest catalyst loading of 1 - 2 mol% among all hitherto known organocatalysts for catalyzing direct arylation of unactivated arenes with haloarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Li
- Nanjing University, School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Jie Shen
- Hainan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Qing Jiang
- Nanjing University, School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Sheng Shen
- Nanjing University, School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Nanjing University, Medical School, 22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, CHINA
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4
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Laha JK, Gupta P. Sulfoxylate Anion Radical-Induced Aryl Radical Generation and Intramolecular Arylation for the Synthesis of Biarylsultams. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4204-4214. [PMID: 35245054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl radical generation from the corresponding aryl halides using an electron donor and subsequent intramolecular cyclization with arenes could be an important advancement in contemporary biaryl synthesis. A green and practically useful synthetic protocol to access diverse six- and seven-membered biarylsultams especially with a free NH group including demonstration of a gram-scale synthesis is reported herein. The sulfoxylate anion radical (SO2-•), generated in situ from the reagents rongalite or sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), was found to be the key single electron transfer agent forming aryl radicals from aryl halides, which upon intramolecular arylation gives biarylsultams with good to excellent yields. The approach features generation of aryl radicals that remained underexplored, use of a cheap and readily available industrial reagents, and transition metal-free, mild, and green reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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5
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Liang S, Shi S, Ding S, Xiao W, Wang H, Wang S, Zeng R, Chen C, Song W. Construction of a transition-metal-free mesoporous organic phenanthroline-based polymeric catalyst for boosting direct activation of aromatic C–H bonds. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01309f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel transition-metal-free mesoporous organic phenanthroline-based polymer for boosting direct activation of aromatic C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shunli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shunmin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Herong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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6
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Tang Y, Chen F, Wang S, Sun Q, Meng X, Xiao F. Porous Organic Phenanthroline‐Based Polymer as an Efficient Transition‐Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Catalyst for Direct Aromatic C−H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:8684-8688. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Tang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 P. R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xiangju Meng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 P. R. China
| | - Feng‐Shou Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 P. R. China
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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7
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Tokumoto K, Makiyama K, Sonoda M, Tanimori S. Proline‐catalyzed Transition‐Metal‐free Access to 1‐Substituted‐4‐Quinazolinones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tokumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuencho, Nakaku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Kouhei Makiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuencho, Nakaku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Motohiro Sonoda
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuencho, Nakaku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Shinji Tanimori
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuencho, Nakaku Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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8
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Frühwirt P, Knoechl A, Pillinger M, Müller SM, Wasdin PT, Fischer RC, Radebner J, Torvisco A, Moszner N, Kelterer AM, Griesser T, Gescheidt G, Haas M. The Chemistry of Acylgermanes: Triacylgermenolates Represent Valuable Building Blocks for the Synthesis of a Variety of Germanium-Based Photoinitiators. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15204-15217. [PMID: 32993291 PMCID: PMC7581296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The formation of
a stable triacylgermenolate 2 as
a decisive intermediate was achieved by using three pathways. The
first two methods involve the reaction of KOtBu or
alternatively potassium with tetraacylgermane 1 yielding 2 via one electron transfer. The mechanism involves the formation
of radical anions (shown by EPR). This reaction is highly efficient
and selective. The third method is a classical salt metathesis reaction
toward 2 in nearly quantitative yield. The formation
of 2 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, UV–vis
measurements, and X-ray crystallography. Germenolate 2 serves as a starting point for a wide variety of organo-germanium
compounds. We demonstrate the potential of this intermediate by introducing
new types of Ge-based photoinitiators 4b–4f. The UV–vis absorption spectra of 4b–4f show considerably increased band intensities
due to the presence of eight or more chromophores. Moreover, compounds 4d–4f show absorption tailing up to 525
nm. The performance of these photoinitiators is demonstrated by spectroscopy
(time-resolved EPR, laser flash photolysis (LFP), photobleaching (UV–vis))
and photopolymerization experiments (photo-DSC measurements). Triacylgermenolate 2 was
obtained by using
KOtBu or alternatively potassium. The mechanism involves
the formation of radical anions (shown by EPR). The one-pot synthetic
protocol produces 2 in >95% yield, as confirmed by
NMR
spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Germenolate 2 serves as a starting point for a wide variety of organo-germanium
compounds. This was demonstrated by introducing new types of Ge-based
photoinitiators 4b−4f. Their performance
was analyzed by sophisticated spectroscopic methods and photopolymerization
experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefanie M Müller
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstraße 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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9
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Iwakawa Y, Onuma S, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. NaH-mediated direct C-H arylation in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7773-7776. [PMID: 32573564 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free coupling of haloarenes with unactivated arenes has been developed in the presence of NaH and 1,10-phenanthroline. Various haloarenes bearing methyl, methoxy, halogen (fluoride, chloride, and bromide), cyano, trifluoromethyl, ester, and amide groups can be cross-coupled with unactivated arenes, or heteroarenes in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yuki Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - So Onuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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10
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The role of organic electron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Nakamura K, Kurosu S, Iwakawa Y, Denneval C, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Tetrahydrate-Mediated Transition Metal-Free Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Unactivated Arenes in Air. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1042-1045. [PMID: 31582624 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biaryls are important compounds with widespread applications in many fields. Tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate was found to promote the biaryl coupling of aryl iodides bearing electron-withdrawing substituents with unactivated arenes. The reaction takes place at temperatures between 100 and 150°C and can be applied to a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, affording the products in moderate to high yields. The reaction does not require strong bases or expensive additives that are employed in the existing methods and can be conducted in air and moisture without any precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Satoshi Kurosu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yuki Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | | | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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12
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Meng L, Chi X, Sun X, Cao C, Ai B, Liu Q, Zhao P, Zhao Z, Dong Y, Liu H. An organocatalytic method for constructing pyrroles via the cycloisomerisation of Z-1-iodo-4-N-methylbenzenesulfonyl-1,6-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7669-7673. [PMID: 31384864 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new cycloisomerisation of Z-1-iodo-4-N-methylbenzenesulfonyl-1,6-enynes to functionalized pyrroles was realized in the presence of an organomolecule (4,4'-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) and KOtBu. The transformations were performed efficiently to produce different kinds of functionalized pyrroles within 10 min. This is the first example of an organomolecule promoted methodology with vinyl iodides from a non-aromatic system to an aromatic system, which offers an excellent option toward establishing a new horizon for cross-coupling reactions of vinyl halides. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed and a crude radical pathway was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Meng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Chengqiang Cao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Ai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Pingping Zhao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 579 Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
| | - Zengdian Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Yunhui Dong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
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13
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Yu F, Mao R, Yu M, Gu X, Wang Y. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Halides: Rongalite-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9946-9956. [PMID: 31310121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical method for the generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides is reported. Rongalite as a novel precursor of super electron donors was used to initiate a series of electron-catalyzed reactions under mild conditions. These transition-metal-free radical chain reactions enable the efficient formation of C-C, C-S, and C-P bonds through homolytic aromatic substitution or SRN1 reactions. Moreover, the synthesis of antipsychotic drug Quetiapine was performed on gram scale through the described method. This protocol demonstrated its potential as a promising arylation method in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Runyu Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Mingcheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
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14
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Jori PK, Jadhav VH. Transition‐Metal‐Free Glucose‐Derived Carbonaceous Catalyst Catalyzes Direct C‐H Arylation of Unactivated Arenes with Aryl Halides. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Popat K. Jori
- Division of Organic ChemistryCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi-Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune- 411008 India
| | - Vrushali H. Jadhav
- Division of Organic ChemistryCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi-Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune- 411008 India
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15
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Synthesis of Selenoaziridines: A Study on Stereochemical Outcomes of the Reaction of Aziridine Radicals and Anions Generated from Iodoaziridines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:870-879. [PMID: 31459364 PMCID: PMC6648590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new functional group in the form of selenyl-substituted aziridines is described. Selenoaziridines are stereoselectively prepared by functionalization of intact aziridine precursors involving radical and anionic intermediates. Radicals are generated from cis-N-Ts iodoaziridines by activation of the C-I bond using alkoxides as a source of single electrons. These form predominantly trans-substituted selenoaziridines dependent on the size of the diselenide. cis-Aziridinyllithiums generated by Li-I exchange also react with diselenides stereospecifically to form a range of cis-selenoaziridines. Proposals for the stereochemical outcome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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16
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Shigeno M, Kai Y, Yamada T, Hayashi K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Denneval C, Kondo Y. Construction of Biaryl Scaffolds from Iodoarenes and C−H Heteroarenes Using an Amide Base Generatedin situfrom Aminosilane and Fluoride Anion. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kai
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hayashi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Charline Denneval
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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17
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Barham JP, Dalton SE, Allison M, Nocera G, Young A, John MP, McGuire T, Campos S, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Dual Roles for Potassium Hydride in Haloarene Reduction: CSNAr and Single Electron Transfer Reduction via Organic Electron Donors Formed in Benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11510-11518. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Samuel E. Dalton
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark Allison
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Nocera
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Allan Young
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Matthew P. John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Thomas McGuire
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 319 Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Sebastien Campos
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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18
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Nocera G, Young A, Palumbo F, Emery KJ, Coulthard G, McGuire T, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Electron Transfer Reactions: KO tBu (but not NaO tBu) Photoreduces Benzophenone under Activation by Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9751-9757. [PMID: 29996048 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-standing controversial reports of electron transfer from KO tBu to benzophenone have been investigated and resolved. The mismatch in the oxidation potential of KO tBu (+0.10 V vs SCE in DMF) and the first reduction potential of benzophenone (of many values cited in the literature, the least negative value is -1.31 V vs SCE in DMF), preclude direct electron transfer. Experimental and computational results now establish that a complex is formed between the two reagents, with the potassium ion providing the linkage, which markedly shifts the absorption spectrum to provide a tail in the visible light region. Photoactivation at room temperature by irradiation at defined wavelength (365 or 400 nm), or even by winter daylight, leads to the development of the blue color of the potassium salt of benzophenone ketyl, whereas no reaction is observed when the reaction mixture is maintained in darkness. So, no electron transfer occurs in the ground state. However, when photoexcited, electron transfer occurs within a complex formed from benzophenone and KO tBu. TDDFT studies match experimental findings and also define the electronic transition within the complex as n → π*, originating on the butoxide oxygen. Computation and experiment also align in showing that this reaction is selective for KO tBu; no such effect occurs with NaO tBu, providing the first case where such alkali metal ion selectivity is rationalized in detail. Chemical evidence is provided for the photoactivated electron transfer from KO tBu to benzophenone: tert-butoxyl radicals are formed and undergo fragmentation to form (acetone and) methyl radicals, some of which are trapped by benzophenone. Likewise, when KOC(Et)3 is used in place of KO tBu, then ethylation of benzophenone is seen. Further evidence of electron transfer was seen when the reaction was conducted in benzene, in the presence of p-iodotoluene; this triggered BHAS coupling to form 4-methylbiphenyl in 74% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nocera
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - Allan Young
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - Fabrizio Palumbo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - Katie J Emery
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - Thomas McGuire
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , 319 Milton Road , Cambridge CB4 0WG , U.K
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , U.K
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19
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Zhao H, Xu X, Wu W, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Urea-based organocatalyst catalyzed direct C H bond arylations of unactivated arenes. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Ghonchepour E, Islami MR, Mostafavi H, Tikdari AM, Sheikhshoaie I. Transition metal-free and base-mediated transformation arylation of unactivated benzene with aryl halides in presence of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine as organocatalyst. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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21
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Zeynizadeh B, Sepehraddin F. Deposited zirconocene chloride on silica-layered CuFe2O4 as a highly efficient and reusable magnetically nanocatalyst for one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Cumine F, Zhou S, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. A study of diketopiperazines as electron-donor initiators in transition metal-free haloarene-arene coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3324-3336. [PMID: 28362016 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several diketopiperazines have been shown to promote carbon-carbon coupling between benzene and aryl halides in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide and without the assistance of a transition metal catalyst. The structure of the diketopiperazine has an influence on its reductive potential and can help to promote the coupling of the more challenging aryl bromides with benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florimond Cumine
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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23
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Emery KJ, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Evidence of single electron transfer from the enolate anion of an N,N'-dialkyldiketopiperazine additive in BHAS coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8810-8819. [PMID: 29022630 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02209c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A designed N,N'-dialkyldiketopiperazine (DKP) provides evidence for the role of DKP additives as initiators that act by electron transfer in base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution reactions, involving coupling of haloarenes to arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Emery
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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24
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Liu W, Yang X, Gao Y, Li CJ. Simple and Efficient Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Triflates: Synthesis of Aryl Boronates and Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8621-8627. [PMID: 28578579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of aryl radicals in organic synthesis, current methods to prepare them from aryl halides, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and diazonium salts suffer from limitations. Aryl triflates, easily obtained from phenols, are promising aryl radical progenitors but remain elusive in this regard. Inspired by the single electron transfer process for aryl halides to access aryl radicals, we developed a simple and efficient protocol to convert aryl triflates to aryl radicals. Our success lies in exploiting sodium iodide as the soft electron donor assisted by light. This strategy enables the scalable synthesis of two types of important organic molecules, i.e., aryl boronates and aryl iodides, in good to high yields, with broad functional group compatibility in a transition-metal-free manner at room temperature. This protocol is anticipated to find potential applications in other aryl-radical-involved reactions by using aryl triflates as aryl radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.,Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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25
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Budén ME, Bardagí JI, Puiatti M, Rossi RA. Initiation in Photoredox C–H Functionalization Reactions. Is Dimsyl Anion a Key Ingredient? J Org Chem 2017; 82:8325-8333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María E. Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier I. Bardagí
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Puiatti
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto A. Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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26
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27
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Chen J, Wu J. Transition-Metal-Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3951-3955. [PMID: 28256786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented transition metal-free coupling of indoles with aryl halides. The reaction is promoted by KOtBu and is regioselective for C3 over N. The use of degassed solvents devoid of oxygen is necessary for the success of the transformation. Preliminary studies implicate a hybrid mechanism that involves both aryne intermediates and non-propagative radical processes. Electron transfer is also a distinct possibility. These conclusions were substantiated by EPR data, isotopic labeling studies, and the use of radical scavengers and electron transfer inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jimmy Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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28
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Chen J, Wu J. Transition-Metal-Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Jimmy Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; Hanover NH 03755 USA
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29
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Liu W, Hou F. Transition-metal-free dehalogenation of aryl halides promoted by phenanthroline/potassium tert -butoxide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Hao L, Liu X, Zhang H, Yu B, Liu Z. Polyureas derived from CO2 and diamines: highly efficient catalysts for C–H arylation of benzene. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02785g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous polyureas were effective for C–H arylation of benzene in the presence of t-BuOK, producing biaryl products in high yields up to 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Leiduan Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Bo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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31
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32
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l -Proline catalyzed four-component one-pot synthesis of coumarin-containing dihydropyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazoles under ultrasonic irradiation. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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To CT, Yang W, Chan KS. Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines Catalyzed Direct CH Arylation. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Jia FC, Xu C, Zhou ZW, Cai Q, Wu YD, Wu AX. Substrates as Electron-Donor Precursors: Synthesis of Naphtho-Fused Oxindoles via Benzannulation of 2-Halobenzaldehydes and Indolin-2-ones. Org Lett 2016; 18:5232-5235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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35
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Zhu YW, Shi YX. A fluorous ethylenediamine promoted direct C H arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl halides. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Tsujii M, Sonoda M, Tanimori S. Proline-Mediated Transition Metal-Free Access to 1H-Indazolones from 2-Halobenzohydrazides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6766-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Tsujii
- Department
of Applied Biosciences,
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sonoda
- Department
of Applied Biosciences,
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanimori
- Department
of Applied Biosciences,
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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Barham JP, Coulthard G, Emery KJ, Doni E, Cumine F, Nocera G, John MP, Berlouis LEA, McGuire T, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. KOtBu: A Privileged Reagent for Electron Transfer Reactions? J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7402-10. [PMID: 27183183 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have used KOtBu in organic reactions that involve single electron transfer; in the literature, the electron transfer is proposed to occur either directly from the metal alkoxide or indirectly, following reaction of the alkoxide with a solvent or additive. These reaction classes include coupling reactions of halobenzenes and arenes, reductive cleavages of dithianes, and SRN1 reactions. Direct electron transfer would imply that alkali metal alkoxides are willing partners in these electron transfer reactions, but the literature reports provide little or no experimental evidence for this. This paper examines each of these classes of reaction in turn, and contests the roles proposed for KOtBu; instead, it provides new mechanistic information that in each case supports the in situ formation of organic electron donors. We go on to show that direct electron transfer from KOtBu can however occur in appropriate cases, where the electron acceptor has a reduction potential near the oxidation potential of KOtBu, and the example that we use is CBr4. In this case, computational results support electrochemical data in backing a direct electron transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Barham
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.,GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Katie J Emery
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eswararao Doni
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Florimond Cumine
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Nocera
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Matthew P John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Leonard E A Berlouis
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Thomas McGuire
- AstraZeneca R&D , The Darwin Building, Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, U.K
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - John A Murphy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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38
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Zhang L, Yang H, Jiao L. Revisiting the Radical Initiation Mechanism of the Diamine-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Cross-Coupling Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7151-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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39
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Gao L, Chang B, Qiu W, Wang L, Fu X, Yuan R. Potassium Hydroxide/Dimethyl Sulfoxide Superbase-Promoted Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiophenes under Visible Light. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Barham JP, Coulthard G, Kane RG, Delgado N, John MP, Murphy JA. Double Deprotonation of Pyridinols Generates Potent Organic Electron-Donor Initiators for Haloarene-Arene Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4492-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ryan G. Kane
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Nathan Delgado
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Matthew P. John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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41
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Barham JP, Coulthard G, Kane RG, Delgado N, John MP, Murphy JA. Double Deprotonation of Pyridinols Generates Potent Organic Electron-Donor Initiators for Haloarene-Arene Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Barham
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ryan G. Kane
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Nathan Delgado
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Matthew P. John
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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42
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Anderson GM, Cameron I, Murphy JA, Tuttle T. Predicting the reducing power of organic super electron donors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes an improved, more accurate model for the calculation of electron transfer energetics of organic super electron donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Anderson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Iain Cameron
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - John A. Murphy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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43
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Sharma S, Kumar M, Sharma S, Nayal OS, Kumar N, Singh B, Sharma U. Microwave assisted synthesis of phenanthridinones and dihydrophenanthridines by vasicine/KOtBu promoted intramolecular C–H arylation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8536-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vasicine and KOtBu promoted intramolecular C–H arylation has been demonstrated for synthesis of phenanthridinones and dihydrophenanthridines with various aryl halides under microwave conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Sharma
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Manoranjan Kumar
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
| | - Onkar S. Nayal
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Bikram Singh
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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44
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Patil M. Mechanistic Insights into the Initiation Step of the Base Promoted Direct C–H Arylation of Benzene in the Presence of Additive. J Org Chem 2015; 81:632-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Patil
- UM-DAE
Centre for Excellence
in Basic Sciences Health Centre, University of Mumbai Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
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45
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Lindner S, Bräse S, Masters KS. Simple and expedient metal-free CH-functionalization of fluoro-arenes by the BHAS method – Scope and limitations. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Mondal B, Roy B. Isopropanol and potassium tert-butoxide promoted intramolecular direct sp2 C–H functionalization: an expedient synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole annulated chromens and quinolones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Ligand-controlled chemoselectivity in potassium tert-amylate-promoted direct C–H arylation of unactivated benzene with aryl halides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Liu W, Liu R, Bi Y. Potassium ethoxide/phenanthroline promoted chemoselective direct C–H arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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CuBr/proline-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated benzene with aryl halides. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Ghasemi Z, Shahrak NS, Roomi BJ, Zakeri Z. Base-Mediated N- and O-Arylations of NH-Containing Heterocycles, Heterocyclic Amines and Phenols. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14210808001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of N -heterocycles such as imidazole, benzimidazole, indole and pyrazole as well as NH2 or OH containing heterocycles, with electron-deficient aryl halides in the presence of t-BuOK or K2CO3 as base and DMSO as solvent are reported. A series of N -aryl azoles, unsymmetric diaryl ethers and diaryl amines were obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Ghasemi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Nasim Shahi Shahrak
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Behzad Jalali Roomi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Ziba Zakeri
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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