1
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Um IH, Jung YJ, Dust JM. Kinetic Study on Pyridinolysis of Aryl Benzenesulfonates: Factors Governing Regioselectivity and Reaction Mechanism. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study is reported for reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted-benzenesulfonates (1a-1f) and Y-substituted-phenyl benzenesulfonates (2a-2f) with Z-substituted-pyridines. The reactions proceed through S‒O and C‒O bond scissions competitively. The Yukawa-Tsuno plot for the reactions of 1a-1f with 4-oxypyridine (S‒O bond fission) exhibits an excellent linearity. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzenesulfonate (1d) with pyridines (S‒O bond fission) is also linear with βnuc = 0.62. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 2a-2f with 4-oxypyridines (S‒O bond fission) is linear with βlg= ‒1.17. Thus, the reactions have been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism, in which leaving-group expulsion is significantly more advanced than bond formation between the electrophilic center and nucleophile at the transition state. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 1a-1f with 4-oxypyridine (C‒O bond fission) exhibits scattered points with ρX= 0.98. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 1d with Z-substituted-pyridines (C‒O bond fission) results in an excellent linear correlation with βnuc = 0.38. Thus, the reactions (C‒O bond fission) have been concluded to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a Meisenheimer complex, in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs after the rate-determining step. Factors governing regioselectivity and reaction mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Ewha Womans University, Department of Chemistry, Division of Nano Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120 � 750, Korea, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of), 120-750, ,
| | - Yoon Jae Jung
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, 34995, Pohang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Julian Michael Dust
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 7512, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1C 5S7
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2
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Pyun SY, Paik KC, Han MS, Cho BR. Reactions of
4‐Nitrophenyl
5‐substituted Furan‐2‐carboxylates with
R
2
NH
/
R
2
NH
2
+
in 20 mol%
DMSO
(aq): Effect of Aryl Group on the
Acyl‐Transfer
Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yong Pyun
- Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan 608‐737 South Korea
| | - Kyu Cheol Paik
- Dvision of Life Science and Chemistry Daejin University Pochun‐si 11159 South Korea
| | - Man So Han
- Dvision of Life Science and Chemistry Daejin University Pochun‐si 11159 South Korea
| | - Bong Rae Cho
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 136‐713 South Korea
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3
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Um IH, Bae AR, Dust JM. Kinetic study on aminolysis of aryl X-substituted-cinnamates in acetonitrile: differential medium effect determines reactivity and reaction mechanism. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted-cinnamates (1a–1f) and Y-substituted-phenyl cinnamates (2a–2g) with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in MeCN at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C is reported. The Brønsted-type plots for the reactions of 1a–1f are linear with βnuc = 0.47∼0.50, indicating that the bond formation between the amine nucleophile and the electrophilic center is advanced slightly in the transition state. The Brønsted-type plot for the reactions of 2a–2g with piperidine is also linear with βlg = –0.66, which is a typical βlg value for reactions reported previously to proceed through a concerted mechanism. Furthermore, the Hammett plot correlated with σ– constants results in much better linearity than that correlated with σo constants, implying that expulsion of the leaving group is advanced in the rate-determining step (RDS). Thus, the reactions are concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism. The Hammett plots for the reactions of 1a–1f consist of two intersecting straight lines, whereas the corresponding Yukawa–Tsuno plots exhibit excellent linear correlations with ρX = 0.62∼0.71 and r = 0.65∼0.68. Apparently, the nonlinear Hammett plots are not due to a change in the reaction mechanism (or the RDS) but are caused by stabilization of the substrate possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) in the cinnamoyl moiety through resonance interactions between the EDG and the C=O bond of the substrate. Medium effects on reactivity and reaction mechanism are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus-Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
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4
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Um IH, Song JH, Bae AR, Dust JM. Unexpected medium effect on the mechanism for aminolysis of aryl phenyl carbonates in acetonitrile and H2O: transition-state structure in the catalytic pathway. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upward curvature in the kinetic plots of pseudo first-order rate constants (kobsd) vs. [amine] for the aminolysis of aryl phenyl carbonates (5a–5j) in MeCN demonstrates that these reactions proceed via a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±) that partitions between catalyzed and uncatalyzed routes to give the products. Yukawa–Tsuno plots for the reactions of 5a–5j with piperidine result in excellent linear correlations with ρY = 4.82 and r = 0.47 for the uncatalyzed reaction versus ρY = 2.21 and r = 0.21 for the catalyzed reaction. Brønsted plots for reactions of 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-phenyl phenyl carbonate (5f) with a series of cyclic secondary amines exhibit excellent linear correlations with βnuc = 0.87 and 0.58 for the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions, respectively. The ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ values are 0.92 kcal/mol and –50.1 cal/mol K, respectively, for the catalyzed reaction of 5f with piperidine. Deuterium kinetic isotope effects found for reactions of 5f with piperidine/deuterated piperidine are 0.84 (uncatalyzed) and 1.42 (catalyzed). Multi-parameter analysis supports a concerted catalytic pathway involving a six-membered cyclic transition state rather than a traditionally accepted stepwise pathway with an anionic intermediate. The current unexpected results, where T± is the essential central intermediate in this aminolysis, contrast with previous calculation studies that deemed T± unstable in gas phase or MeCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Song
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus – Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
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5
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Shin YH, Koh HJ, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Alkaline Hydrolysis of 2-Pyridyl and 4-Pyridyl X-substituted-Benzoates: Effects of Benzoyl Substituent X and Leaving-Group Basicity on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Han-Joong Koh
- Department of Science Education; Jeonju National University of Education; Jeonju 55101 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 03760 Korea
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6
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Shin YH, Kang JS, Um IH. Alkaline Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates Revisited: New Insights from Yukawa-Tsuno Equation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kang
- Engineering Plastic R&T Solvey; Seoul 153-023 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Importance of ground state stabilization in the oxovanadium(IV)-salophen mediated reactions of phenylsulfinylacetic acids by hydrogen peroxide – Non-linear Hammett correlation. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of O-2-Pyridyl Thionobenzoate in Acetonitrile: Effect of Changing Electrophilic Center from CO to CS on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Republic of Korea
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9
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Mahdhaoui F, Dhahri N, Boubaker T. Single-Electron Transfer in σ-Complexation Reactions of 2,6-Dimethoxy-3,5-dinitropyridine with Para-X-phenoxide Anions in Aqueous Solution. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Mahdhaoui
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R; Faculté des Sciences; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l’Environnement; 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - Nejeh Dhahri
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R; Faculté des Sciences; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l’Environnement; 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - Taoufik Boubaker
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R; Faculté des Sciences; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l’Environnement; 5019 Monastir Tunisie
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10
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Gabsi W, Boubaker T, Goumont R. Azo-Coupling Reactions of Para-X-Benzenediazonium Cations with 3-Ethoxythiophene in Acetonitrile. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Gabsi
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement; 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - T. Boubaker
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R; Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement; 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - R. Goumont
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles; 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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11
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Park KH, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Phenyl Y-Substituted Phenyl Carbonates with 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene: Effects of Amine Nature on Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ho Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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12
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Zhou Y, Li L, Ye H, Zhang L, You L. Quantitative Reactivity Scales for Dynamic Covalent and Systems Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:381-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lijie Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lei You
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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13
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Seo HO, Kim MY, Han SY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on S NAr Reactions of 1-(Y-Substituted-phenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with Azide Ion: Effect of Changing Nucleophile from Hydroxide to Azide Ion on Reaction Mechanism and Reactivity. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - So-Yeop Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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14
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Yang EJ, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Quinuclidinolysis of O-4-Nitrophenyl X-substituted Thionobenzoates and O-3,4-Dinitrophenyl Thionobenzoate: Effect of Amine Nature on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Duksung Women's University; Seoul 132-714 Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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15
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Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on Quinuclidinolysis of Y-substituted-Phenyl Picolinates: Effect of Amine Nature on Reactivity and Transition-State Structure. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Moon JH, Kim MY, Han SY, Um IH. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzenesulfonates and Y-Substituted-Phenyl 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonates with Azide Ion: Regioselectivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - So-Yeop Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
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17
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Um IH, Kim MY, Bae AR, Dust JM, Buncel E. Evidence for a Catalytic Six-Membered Cyclic Transition State in Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate in Acetonitrile: Comparative Brønsted-Type Plot, Entropy of Activation, and Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects. J Org Chem 2014; 80:217-22. [PMID: 25438168 DOI: 10.1021/jo502303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Min-Young Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ae-Ri Bae
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland
and Labrador A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Erwin Buncel
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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18
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Um IH, Cho HJ, Kim MY, Buncel E. Alkali-metal ion catalysis and inhibition in SNAr displacement: relative stabilization of ground state and transition state determines catalysis and inhibition in SNAr reactivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:13337-44. [PMID: 25171659 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first observation of alkali-metal ion catalysis and inhibition in SNAr reactions. The plot of kobsd versus [alkali-metal ethoxide] exhibits downward curvature for the reactions of 1-(4-nitrophenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzene with EtOLi, EtONa, and EtOK, but upward curvature for the corresponding reaction with EtOK in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether (18C6). Dissection of kobsd into the second-order rate constants for the reactions with the dissociated EtO(-) and the ion-paired EtOM (i.e., k EtO - and kEtOM , respectively) has revealed that the reactivity increases in the order EtOLi<EtONa<EtOK<EtO(-)<EtOK/18C6. This indicates that the reaction is inhibited by Li(+), Na(+), and K(+) ions but is catalyzed by 18C6 K(+) ion. The reactions of 1-(Y-substituted-phenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzenes have been proposed to proceed through a stepwise mechanism, in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs after the rate-determining step based on the kinetic result that σ(o) constants exhibit a much better Hammett correlation than σ(-) constants. Alkali-metal ion catalysis or inhibition has been discussed in terms of differential stabilization of ground-state and transition-state complexes through a qualitative energy profile. A π-complexed transition-state structure is proposed to account for the kinetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 (Korea).
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Kim MY, Kim TE, Lee J, Um IH. The α-Effect in Hydrazinolysis of 4-Chloro-2-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates: Effect of Substituent X on Reaction Mechanism and the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Cho HJ, Um IH. The α-Effect in S NAr Reaction of 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with Hydrazine: Ground-State Destabilization versus Transition-State Stabilization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Cho HJ, Kim MY, Um IH. The α-Effect in SNAr Reaction of Y-Substituted-Phenoxy-2,4-Dinitrobenzenes with Amines: Reaction Mechanism and Origin of the α-Effect. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Kim MY, Kang TA, Yoon JH, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Picolinates: Effect of H-Bonding Interaction on Reactivity and Transition-State Structure. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Kim MY, Shin M, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Nicotinate and Isonicotinate: Factors Influencing Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Kim HR, Yoon JH, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates in Acetonitrile and in H 2O Containing 20 mol % DMSO: Effects of Medium and Substituent X on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Ram Kim
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University
| | | | | | - Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University
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Shin M, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Isonicotinate in Acetonitrile: Effect of Amine Basicity on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kang TA, Cho HJ, Um IH. Kinetic Study on SNAr Reaction of 1-Y-Substituted-phenoxy-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with Hydroxide Ion: Effect of Substituent Y on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Song JH, Lee JI, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of Phenyl 2-Pyridyl Carbonate in Acetonitrile: Effect of Intramolecular H-bonding Interaction on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Um IH, Kim MY, Kang TA, Dust JM. Kinetic Study on SNAr Reaction of 1-(Y-Substituted-phenoxy)-2,4-dinitrobenzenes with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Evidence for Cyclic Transition-State Structure. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7025-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae-Ah Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science and Department
of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Departments
of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Grenfell Campus-Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland
and Labrador A2H 6P9, Canada
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Lee J, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 5-Nitro-8-quinolyl Benzoate, Picolinate, Nicotinate and Isonicotinate with Alkali Metal Ethoxide: Effect of Nonleaving Group on Reactivity and Transition State Structure. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.6.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Im HJ, Lee J, Kim MY, Um IH. K +Ion Catalysis in Nucleophilic Displacement Reaction of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Picolinates with Potassium Ethoxide: Effect of Substituent Y on Reactivity and Transition State Structure. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.6.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Kim HR, Um TI, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 4-Chloro-2-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates in Acetonitrile and in 80 mol % H2O/20 mol % DMSO: Effect of Medium on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.4.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Afzal D, Fountain K. Exploration of the α-effect by substitution on hydroxylamine anions. I. Effects of alkyl- and fluoroalkylation. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many explanations for the α-effect have been suggested. Most are simple models conjecturing various sources affecting the nucleophilic behavior. This paper provides a comprehensive study of electronic effects using the single α-atom lone electron pair of substituted hydroxyl amine anions. This substituent scheme shows that the interaction of this lone pair with the negatively charged oxygen atom is an important indicator of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Afzal
- Chemistry Department, Truman University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - K.R. Fountain
- Chemistry Department, Truman University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
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Jeon SH, Kim HS, Han YJ, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of Y-Substituted-Phenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates: Effects of Substituents X and Y on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Kim MY, Kim HR, Lee JI, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl 2-Pyridyl Carbonate in Acetonitrile: Kinetic Evidence for a Stepwise Mechanism with Two Intermediates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Dhahri N, Taoufik B, Goumont R. Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of p-substituted benzylidenemalononitriles in 50% aqueous acetonitrile: substituent effects and quantification of the electrophilic reactivity. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nejeh Dhahri
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - Boubaker Taoufik
- Laboratoire C.H.P.N.R, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Avenue de l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisie
| | - Régis Goumont
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180; Université de Versailles; 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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Um IH, Bae AR, Um TI. Comparison of aminolysis of 2-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl x-substituted benzoates in acetonitrile: evidence for a concerted mechanism involving a cyclic transition state. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1206-12. [PMID: 24397405 DOI: 10.1021/jo402629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic study on reactions of 2-pyridyl X-substituted benzoates (6a-i) with a series of cyclic secondary amines in MeCN is reported. The Hammett plot for the reaction of 6a-i with piperidine consists of two intersecting straight lines while the Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits an excellent linear correlation with ρX = 1.28 and r = 0.63, indicating that the nonlinear Hammett plot is not caused by a change in the rate-determining step but rather by resonance stabilization of substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) in the benzoyl moiety. The Brønsted-type plots are linear with βnuc = 0.59 ± 0.02, which is typical of reactions reported to proceed through a concerted mechanism. A cyclic transition state (TS), which forces the reaction to proceed through a concerted mechanism, is proposed. The deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1.3 ± 0.1 is consistent with the proposed mechanism. Analysis of activation parameters reveals that ΔH(‡) increases linearly as the substituent X changes from an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) to an EDG, while TΔS(‡) remains nearly constant with a large negative value. The constant TΔS(‡) value further supports the proposal that the reaction proceeds through a concerted mechanism with a cyclic TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Lee JY, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-2-Methylbenzoates with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Reaction Mechanism and Failure of Reactivity-Selectivity Principle. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Kim SI, Cho HJ, Um IH. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Benzoates with Potassium Ethoxide in Anhydrous Ethanol: Reaction Mechanism and Role of K+Ion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim SI, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 4-Nitrophenyl X-Substituted-Benzoates with Potassium Ethoxide: Reaction Mechanism and Role of K+Ion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.1.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Lee JY, Kim MY, Um IH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Y-Substituted-Phenyl 2-Methylbenzoates with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Effects of Modification of 2-MeO in Benzoyl Moiety by 2-Me on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.12.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Hong HJ, Bae AR, Um IH. The α-Effect in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Diphenylphosphinates with HOO-and OH-. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.8.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Son YJ, Kim EH, Kang JS, Um IH. Structure-Reactivity Correlations in Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Y-Substituted-Phenyl X-Substituted-Cinnamates with Z-Substituted-Phenoxides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.8.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Kim MY, Bae AR, Um IH. A Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of Benzyl 2-Pyridyl Thionocarbonate and t-Butyl 2-Pyridyl Thionocarbonate: Effects of Polarizability and Steric Hindrance on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.8.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Kang JS, Song YJ, Um IH. Leaving-Group Substituent Controls Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism in Aminolysis of Phenyl Y-Substituted-Phenyl Carbonates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.7.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Hong HJ, Lee J, Bae AR, Um IH. Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism for Alkaline Hydrolysis of Y-Substituted-Phenyl Diphenylphosphinates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.7.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Song YJ, Kim MY, Um IH. A Kinetic Study on Ethylaminolysis of Phenyl Y-Substituted-Phenyl Carbonates: Effect of Leaving-Group Substituents on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.6.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Um IH, Kang JS, Park JY. Kinetic Study on Michael-Type Reactions of β-Nitrostyrenes with Cyclic Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile: Transition-State Structures and Reaction Mechanism Deduced from Negative Enthalpy of Activation and Analyses of LFERs. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5604-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4007442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Nano Sciences and ‡Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Nano Sciences and ‡Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Jong-Yoon Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Nano Sciences and ‡Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
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Kim MY, Lee JI, Um IH. Aminolysis of Benzyl 2-Pyridyl Thionocarbonate and t-Butyl 2-Pyridyl Thionocarbonate: Effects of Nonleaving Groups on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Mechanistic Assessment of SNAr Displacement of Halides from 1-Halo-2,4-dinitrobenzenes by Selected Primary and Secondary Amines: Brønsted and Mayr Analyses. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9738-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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