1
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Shephard ACG, Delon A, Chevreux S, Martinez A, Guo Z, Deacon GB, Lemercier G, McClenaghan N, Jonusauskas G, Junk PC, Jaroschik F. Divalent ansa-Octaphenyllanthanocenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Eu II Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9395-9405. [PMID: 37310150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reductive dimerization of fulvenes using low-valent metal precursors is a straightforward one-step approach to access ethylene-bridged metallocenes. This process has so far mainly been employed with fulvenes carrying one or two substituents in the exocyclic position. In this work, a new synthesis of the unsubstituted exocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylfulvene (1), its full structural characterization by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as some photophysical properties and its first use in reductive dimerization are described. This fulvene reacted with different lanthanoid metals in thf to provide the divalent ansa-octaphenylmetallocenes [Ln(C5Ph4CH2)2(thf)n] (Ln = Sm, n = 2 (2); Ln = Eu, n = 2 (3); and Ln = Yb, n = 1 (4)). These complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and, in the case of Sm and Yb, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, showing the influence of the ansa-bridge on solution and solid-state structures compared to previously reported unbridged metallocenes. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of the Eu ansa complex 3 were studied in solution and the solid state, revealing significant differences with the known octa- and deca-phenyleuropocenes, [Eu(C5Ph4H)2(dme)] and [Eu(C5Ph5)2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus C G Shephard
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Aymeric Delon
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Sylviane Chevreux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Zhifang Guo
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, UMR 7312, Reims 56187, France
| | - Nathan McClenaghan
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | | | - Peter C Junk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- ICGM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34090, France
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2
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Ohki H, Kinoshita H, Miura K. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,6-Diaryl-1-silylfulvenes: A Promising Entry for Preparing 1,3,6-Triarylfulvenes Bearing Three Different Aryl Groups. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36809002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We developed a synthetic methodology for preparing (E)-1,3,6-triarylfulvenes bearing three different aryl groups. The reaction of 1,4-diaryl-1-bromo-1,3-butadienes with silylacetylenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst produced (E)-3,6-diaryl-1-silyl-fulvenes in good to excellent yields. The (isopropoxy)silylated fulvenes thus obtained were converted to (E)-1,3,6-triarylfulvenes bearing different types of aryl substituents. (E)-3,6-Diaryl-1-silyl-fulvenes are promising templates for the synthesis of diverse (E)-1,3,6-triarylfulvenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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3
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Jenek NA, Balschun M, Boyt SM, Hintermair U. Connect Four: Tetraarylated Dihydropentalenes and Triarylated Monocyclic Pentafulvenes from Cyclopentadienes and Enones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13790-13802. [PMID: 36196644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In search of novel pentalenide ligands for use in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis, we report the scope of a straightforward base-promoted Michael annulation of cyclopentadienes with α,β-unsaturated ketones that allows the introduction of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical aryl and alkyl substitution patterns including electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing substituents. More than 16 examples of various isomers of 1,3,4,6-tetraarylated dihydropentalenes have been synthesized in isolated yields of up to 78%, representing a substantial expansion of the range of dihydropentalene scaffolds known to date. Double bond isomerization between the two pentacyclic rings in 1,2-dihydropentalenes with electronically different substituents occurred depending on the polarization of the molecule. The melting points of the air-stable dihydropentalenes decrease, and their solubilities in organic solvents improve with increasing substitution and decreasing symmetry of the molecule. A competitive pseudo-retro-aldol pathway produces 1,3,6-triarylated monocyclic pentafulvenes as side products in yields of 9-68%, which can be cleanly isolated (8 new examples) and used for other synthetic purposes, including separate cyclization to other dihydropentalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko A Jenek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Marek Balschun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Stuart M Boyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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4
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Tanpure SD, Kuo TC, Cheng MJ, Liu RS. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Constructions of Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene Frameworks via (4 + 3)-Cycloadditions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Dattatray Tanpure
- Frontier Research Center for Matter Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Chun Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, East District, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, East District, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center for Matter Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, ROC
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5
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Tatemura R, Yasutake M, Kinoshita H, Miura K. Electrochemical Properties and Electrochromism of 6-Aryl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)fulvenes and Their Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 87:172-183. [PMID: 34913709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have disclosed intriguing electrochromic properties of 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes. The electrolyte solutions (0.1 M n-Bu4NClO4 in acetonitrile or dichloromethane) of some 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes showed notable color changes when superimposed negative voltages were applied to the solutions. Investigation of the substituents at position 6 revealed that the solution of 1,3-bissilyl-6-anthracenylfulvene exhibited chromic changes under both applied superimposed negative and positive voltages and exhibited a three-color electrochromism. Electrochromic properties of 1,6-diarylfulvenes derived from 6-aryl-1,3-bissilylfulvenes were also investigated. The aryl group at position 1 also contributed to the electrochromism of fulvenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tatemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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6
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Boyt SM, Jenek NA, Sanderson HJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Hintermair U. Synthesis of a Tetraphenyl-Substituted Dihydropentalene and Its Alkali Metal Hydropentalenide and Pentalenide Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Boyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Niko A. Jenek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Hugh J. Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- Centre for Sustainable & Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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7
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Fuhrer TJ, Snelgrove J, Corley CA, Iacono ST. Density Functional Theory Investigation of Fulvene-Derivatized Fullerenes as Candidates for Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10324-10329. [PMID: 33228357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest within the scientific community in organic solar cells has been on the rise over the last two decades as researchers respond to increasing demands for alternative renewable energy sources. Fulvene, fullerene, and endohedral metallofullerene derivatives have individually shown great promise as efficient charge transfer agents. Despite the heavy demand for research in this area, there have been no studies reported to date that explore the electronic behavior of molecules containing both fullerene and fulvene groups. The lack of interest may be attributed to inherent limitations and inaccuracy in most density functional theory (DFT) band gap calculations for large molecules. Herein we present a systematic computational investigation of the band gaps and dipole moments of several test fullerene-fulvene molecules using a novel DFT method that has been modified to allow accurate computation of the band gaps of this class of molecules. Calculated results showed promising low band gap energies and attractive conductive properties for all fullerene-fulvene derivatives. This new DFT method can conceivably be an invaluable tool that can provide predictive insight into the suitability of similar high molecular weight materials for application in organic solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Fuhrer
- Department of Chemistry, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142, United States
| | - Jordan Snelgrove
- Department of Chemistry, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142, United States
| | - Cynthia A Corley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Scott T Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
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8
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Liu N, Li Q, McDowell SAC. Reliable Comparison of Pnicogen, Chalcogen, and Halogen Bonds in Complexes of 6-OXF 2-Fulvene (X = As, Sb, Se, Te, Be, I) With Three Electron Donors. Front Chem 2020; 8:608486. [PMID: 33425859 PMCID: PMC7793776 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.608486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pnicogen, chalcogen, and halogen bonds between 6-OXF2-fulvene (X = As, Sb, Se, Te, Br, and I) and three nitrogen-containing bases (FCN, HCN, and NH3) are compared. For each nitrogen base, the halogen bond is strongest, followed by the pnicogen bond, and the chalcogen bond is weakest. For each type of bond, the binding increases in the FCN < HCN < NH3 pattern. Both FCN and HCN engage in a bond with comparable strengths and the interaction energies of most bonds are < -6 kcal/mol. However, the strongest base NH3 forms a much more stable complex, particularly for the halogen bond with the interaction energy going up to -18 kcal/mol. For the same type of interaction, its strength increases as the mass of the central X atom increases. These bonds are different in strength, but all of them are dominated by the electrostatic interaction, with the polarization contribution important for the stronger interaction. The presence of these bonds changes the geometries of 6-OXF2-fulvene, particularly for the halogen bond formed by NH3, where the F-X-F arrangement is almost vertical to the fulvene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Sean A C McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
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9
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Moghadam ES, Saravani F, Hamel E, Shahsavari Z, Alipour M, Hosseinkhani S, Ostad S, Amini M. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Evaluation of Novel Derivatives of 2-(2-Methyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-3- yl)acetamide. Med Chem 2020; 16:340-349. [PMID: 31032753 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190425153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several anti-tubulin agents were introduced for the cancer treatment so far. Despite successes in the treatment of cancer, these agents cause toxic side effects, including peripheral neuropathy. Comparing anti-tubulin agents, indibulin seemed to cause minimal peripheral neuropathy, but its poor aqueous solubility and other potential clinical problems have led to its remaining in a preclinical stage. METHODS Herein, indibulin analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-cancer activity using MTT assay (on the MCF-7, T47-D, MDA-MB231 and NIH-3T3 cell lines), annexin V/PI staining assay, cell cycle analysis, anti-tubulin assay and caspase 3/7 activation assay. RESULTS One of the compounds, 4a, showed good anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50: 7.5 μM) and low toxicity on a normal cell line (IC50 > 100 μM). All of the tested compounds showed lower cytotoxicity on normal cell line in comparison to reference compound, indibulin. In the annexin V/PI staining assay, induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line was observed. Cell cycle analysis illustrated an increasing proportion of cells in the sub-G-1 phase, consistent with an increasing proportion of apoptotic cells. No increase in G2/M cells was observed, consistent with the absence of anti-tubulin activity. A caspase 3/7 assay protocol showed that apoptosis induction by more potent compounds was due to activation of caspase 3. CONCLUSION Newly synthesized compounds exerted acceptable anticancer activity and further investigation of current scaffold would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim S Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Farhad Saravani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Zahra Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran
| | - Seyednasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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10
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Brown LC, Peloquin AJ, Godman NP, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. Correlation of Structure with Crystalline to Amorphous Phase Transitions of 1,3,6-Substituted Fulvene-Derived Molecular Glasses. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11116-11123. [PMID: 32654484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into the crystalline to amorphous phase transitions of prepared 1,3,6-substituted pentafulvenes showed the expected reversible heated melt and cooling recrystallization in only a few examples. Systematic incorporation of bulky substituents at the 6-position of the fulvene ring led to the nonreversible thermal behavior, rendering phases that were locked into glassy, vitrified states. These molecular glasses produced physically translucent and amorphous features with glass transition temperatures in the range of 61-77 °C, comparable with high-strength plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate. Additionally, the melting point transitions and the resulting heat of fusion values were found to be directly influenced by the nature of the 6-position substituent. Single crystal X-ray crystallography showed that in some cases, fulvenes possessing fused aromatics exhibited a high degree of intermolecular π-π stacking. These results point to a class of molecular glass formers as host materials possessing tunable bulk properties for potentially new optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren C Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-5002, United States
| | - Andrew J Peloquin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-5002, United States
| | - Nicholas P Godman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-5002, United States
| | - Scott T Iacono
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-5002, United States
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11
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Peng S, Chen N, Zhang H, He M, Li H, Lang M, Wang J. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Decarboxylative [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Cinnamic Acids with Alkynes: Access to Polysubstituted Pentafulvenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:5589-5593. [PMID: 32588631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of cinnamic acids with alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted pentafulvenes. Ag2CO3 and DMSO are essential for the reaction. This protocol features readily available starting materials, a wide substrate scope, and moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, various significant frameworks can be easily obtained from the late-stage transformations of pentafulvenes via oxidation, reduction, and Scholl-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Nuan Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Min He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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12
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Brown LC, Iacono ST, Balaich GJ. Crystal structures of 6-cyclo-propyl-1,3-diphenylfulvene and 6-(2,3-di-meth-oxy-naphth-yl)-1,3-di-phenylfulvene. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:896-899. [PMID: 32523759 PMCID: PMC7273991 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020006441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds, 6-cyclo-propyl-1,3-diphenylfulvene, C21H18, [systematic name: 5-(cyclo-propyl-methyl-idene)-1,3-di-phen-yl-cyclo-penta-1,3-diene], 1, and 6-(2,3-di-meth-oxy-naphth-yl)-1,3-diphenylfulvene, C30H24O2, {systematic name: 5-[(3,4-di-meth-oxy-naphthalen-2-yl)methyl-idene]-1,3-di-phenyl-cyclo-penta-1,3-di-ene}, 2, were prepared from 1,3-di-phenyl-cyclo-penta-diene, pyrrolidine, and the corresponding aldehydes in an ethano-lic solution. Each structure crystallizes with one mol-ecule per asymmetric unit and exhibits the alternating short and long bond lengths typical of fulvenes. A network of C-H⋯C ring inter-actions as well as C-H⋯O inter-actions is observed, resulting in the compact packing found in each structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren C. Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force, Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force, Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force, Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
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13
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Li Y, Ying F, Fu T, Yang R, Dong Y, Lin L, Han Y, Liang D, Long X. Heat- or light-induced acylarylation of unactivated alkenes towards 3-(α-acyl) indolines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5660-5665. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heat- or photoredox/iron dual catalysis-enabled rare example of radical acylation across unactivated alkenes with aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Fengyuan Ying
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Tingfeng Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Liqing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences
| | - Yinghui Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences
| | - Deqiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
| | - Xianhao Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kunming University
- Kunming 650214
- China
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14
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Tafesse TB, Moghadam ES, Bule MH, Abadian N, Abdollahi M, Faramarzi MA, Amini M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N-(pyridine-3-yl) acetamide derivatives: in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, and kinetic and molecular docking study. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Swan E, Platts K, Blencowe A. An overview of the cycloaddition chemistry of fulvenes and emerging applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2113-2132. [PMID: 31579091 PMCID: PMC6753682 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The unusual electronic properties and unique reactivity of fulvenes have interested researchers for over a century. The propensity to form dipolar structures at relatively low temperatures and to participate as various components in cycloaddition reactions, often highly selectively, makes them ideal for the synthesis of complex polycyclic carbon scaffolds. As a result, fulvene cycloaddition chemistry has been employed extensively for the synthesis of natural products. More recently, fulvene cycloaddition chemistry has also found application to other areas including materials chemistry and dynamic combinatorial chemistry. This highlight article discusses the unusual properties of fulvenes and their varied cycloaddition chemistry, focussing on applications in organic and natural synthesis, dynamic combinatorial chemistry and materials chemistry, including dynamers, hydrogels and charge transfer complexes. Tables providing comprehensive directories of fulvene cycloaddition chemistry are provided, including fulvene intramolecular and intermolecular cycloadditions complete with reactant partners and their resulting cyclic adducts, which provide a useful reference source for synthetic chemists working with fulvenes and complex polycyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Swan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Kirsten Platts
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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16
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Pantin M, Bodinier F, Saillour J, Youssouf YM, Boeda F, Pearson-Long MS, Bertus P. Convenient and easy access to 2-hydroxycyclopent-2-enones from acylcyanohydrins. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Lücht A, Sobottka S, Patalag LJ, Jones PG, Reissig HU, Sarkar B, Werz DB. New Dyes Based on Extended Fulvene Motifs: Synthesis through Redox Reactions of Naphthoquinones with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Their Spectroelectrochemical Behavior. Chemistry 2019; 25:10359-10365. [PMID: 31106926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel dyes based on extended fulvene motifs are reported. The carbon skeleton was generated by a catalyzed addition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to naphthoquinone. The hydroxy group at the central ring of the tricyclic fulvene motif was converted into the triflate, which reacted efficiently with a wide range of nucleophiles, resulting in substitution and thereby providing new derivatives. The synthetic versatility allowed us to investigate the absorption, electrochemical, and UV/Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical properties of these dyes as a function of the substituents. The dyes were shown to participate in reductive electrochemistry, the reversibility of which can be improved by appropriate selection of the substituents. Additionally, first signs of NIR electrochromism are presented, opening new avenues for the future investigations of such dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lücht
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas J Patalag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Hou M, Li Q, Scheiner S. Comparison between Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds in Complexes of 6‐OX‐Fulvene with Pnicogen and Chalcogen Electron Donors. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1978-1984. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Hou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan UT 84322–0300 USA
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19
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Peloquin AJ, Adas SK, Iacono ST, Balaich GJ. Crystal structures of a series of 6-aryl-1,3-diphenyl-fulvenes. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:838-842. [PMID: 31391978 PMCID: PMC6658983 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901900700x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structures of a series of 6-aryl-fuvlenes (fulvene is 5-methyl-idene-cyclo-penta-1,3-diene) with varying methyl-ation patterns on the 6-phenyl substituent are reported, namely 6-(3-methyl-phen-yl)-1,3-di-phenyl-fulvene (C25H20), 6-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-1,3-di-phenyl-fulvene (C25H20), 6-mesityl-3-di-phenyl-fulvene (C27H24) and 6-(2,3,4,5,6-penta-methyl-phen-yl)-1,3-di-phenyl-fulvene (C29H28). The bond lengths are typical of those observed in related fulvenes. A network of C-H⋯π ring inter-actions consolidates the packing in each structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Peloquin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Sonya K. Adas
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
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20
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Peloquin AJ, Smith MB, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. 1,1′-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-3,3′-diphenylferrocene. IUCRDATA 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314619004875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, [Fe(C17H12Br)2], the FeII atom is sandwiched between the eclipsed five-membered rings, with Fe...ring centroid distances of 1.649 (3) and 1.652 (3) Å. In one of the ligands, the Br atom is disordered over two locations [site occupancies = 0.839 (2) and 0.161 (2)].
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Moghadam ES, Saravani F, Ostad S, Tavajohi S, Hamedani MP, Amini M. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Series of Indibulin Analogues. Med Chem 2019; 15:231-239. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666181015145945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is an important cause of human death worldwide. During the last
decades, many anticancer agents with anti-tubulin mechanism have been synthesized or extracted
from nature and some of them also entered clinical use. Indibulin is one of the most potent tubulin
polymerization inhibitors with minimal peripheral neuropathy, which is a big problem by some of
the antimitotic agents such as taxanes and vinka alkaloids. With respect to this giant benefit, herein
we decided to design and synthesize novel indibulin related compounds and investigate their
anticancer activity against HT-29, Caco-2 and T47-D cancerous cell lines as well as NIH-T3T as
normal cell line.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to synthesize new anti-cancer agents and evaluates their cytotoxic
activity on diverse cancerous and normal cell lines.
Method:
Target compounds were synthesized in multistep reaction and cytotoxic activity was
investigated by MTT cell viability assay.
Results:
Herein, nine novel target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yield. Some
of the compounds exerted good cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines. Annexin V/PI staining
showed that compound 4g could induce apoptosis and necrosis in HT-29 cell line.
Conclusion:
It is valuable to do further investigation on compound 4g which showed the highest
activity against HT-29 and Caco-2 (IC50 values are 6.9 and 7 &µM respectively). Also, synthesis of
new derivatives of current synthesized compounds is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim S. Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development, Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Farhad Saravani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development, Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Seyednasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shohreh Tavajohi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Morteza P. Hamedani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development, Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development, Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Synthesis and anti-breast cancer activity of novel indibulin related diarylpyrrole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:179-189. [PMID: 30891679 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During recent years, a number of anti-tubulin agents were introduced for treatment of diverse types of cancer. Despite their potential in the treatment of cancer, drug resistance and adverse toxicity, such as peripheral neuropathy, are some of the negative effects of anti-tubulin agents. Among anti-tubulin agents, indibulin was found to cause minimal peripheral neuropathy. Thus far, however, indibulin has not entered clinical usage, caused in part by its poor aqueous solubility and other developmental problems in preclinical evaluation. OBJECTIVES With respect to need for finding potent and safe anticancer agents, in our current research work, we synthesized several indibulin-related diarylpyrrole derivatives and investigated their anti-cancer activity. METHODS Cell cultur studies were perfomred using the MTT cell viability assay on the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47-D, and MDA-MB231 and also NIH-3 T3 cells as representative of a normal cell line. The activity of some of the synthesized compounds for tubulin interaction was studied using colchicine binding and tubulin polymerization assays. The annexin V-FITC/PI method and flow cytometric analysis were used for studying apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Two of the synthesized compounds, 4f and 4 g, showed high activity on the MDA-MB231 cell line (IC50 = 11.82 and 13.33 μM, (respectively) and low toxicity on the normal fibroblast cells (IC50 > 100 μM). All of the tested compounds were more potent on T47-D cancer cells and less toxic on NIH-3 T3 normal cells in comparison to reference compound, indibulin. The tubulin polymerization inhibition assay and [3H]colchicine binding assay showed that the main mechanism of cell death by the potent synthesized compounds was not related to an interaction with tubulin. In the annexin V/PI staining assay, the induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines was observed. Cell cycle analysis illustrated an increased percentage of sub-G-1 cells in the MDA-MB231 cell line as a further indication of cell death through induction of apoptosis. Graphical abstract Novel Indibulin analogous as anti-breast cancer agents.
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Suzuki S, Kinoshita H, Miura K. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of ( E)-1,3-Bissilyl-6-arylfulvenes from Aryl Iodides and Silylacetylenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:1612-1616. [PMID: 30789738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route to ( E)-1,3-bissilyl-6-arylfulvenes has been developed. The reaction of aryl iodides with trimethylsilylacetylene in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdBr2 gives 6-aryl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)fulvenes in good to excellent yields with complete regio- and stereoselectivity. The reaction involves trimerization of trimethylsilylacetylene and cleavage of one silyl group. The silylated fulvenes obtained could be converted into halogenated fulvenes by site-selective halodesilylation. The halogenated fulvenes underwent the Stille coupling leading to the corresponding arylated fulvenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souta Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-ohkubo , Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-ohkubo , Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
| | - Katsukiyo Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-ohkubo , Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
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24
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Tetrel Bond between 6-OTX₃-Fulvene and NH₃: Substituents and Aromaticity. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010010. [PMID: 30577501 PMCID: PMC6337681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon bonding is a weak interaction, particularly when a neutral molecule acts as an electron donor. Thus, there is an interesting question of how to enhance carbon bonding. In this paper, we found that the –OCH3 group at the exocyclic carbon of fulvene can form a moderate carbon bond with NH3 with an interaction energy of about −10 kJ/mol. The –OSiH3 group engages in a stronger tetrel bond than does the –OGeH3 group, while a reverse result is found for both –OSiF3 and –OGeF3 groups. The abnormal order in the former is mainly due to the stronger orbital interaction in the –OSiH3 complex, which has a larger deformation energy. The cyano groups adjoined to the fulvene ring not only cause a change in the interaction type, from vdW interactions in the unsubstituted system of –OCF3 to carbon bonding, but also greatly strengthen tetrel bonding. The formation of tetrel bonding has an enhancing effect on the aromaticity of the fulvene ring.
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25
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Peloquin AJ, Smith MB, O’Connell BJ, Ghiassi KB, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. Coordination complexes of chromium(0) with a series of 1,3-diphenyl-6-aryl-fulvenes. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1190-1194. [PMID: 30225097 PMCID: PMC6127717 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018010794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural properties of a series of chromium tricarbonyl 'piano-stool' complexes bearing substituted penta-fulvene ligands were studied. The complexes, tricarbon-yl(1,3,6-tri-phenyl-fulvene)chromium(0) benz-ene hemisolvate, [Cr(C24H18)(CO)3]·0.5C6H6 (I), tricarbon-yl[1,3-di-phen-yl-6-(3-vinyl-phen-yl)fulvene]chromium(0), [Cr(C26H20)(CO)3] (II), and tricarbon-yl[1,3-diphenyl-6-(pyren-1-yl)fulvene]chromium(0), [Cr(C34H22)(CO)3] (III), each have a distorted octa-hedral geometry, with the fulvene coordinated in a π-η2:π-η2:π-η2 fashion. Significant deviation of the exocyclic fulvene double bond from the cyclo-penta-diene plane accompanies coordination. Evidence of non-covalent π-π inter-actions was observed in both (I) and (III), with centroid-to-centroid distances ranging from 3.330 (8) to 3.494 (8) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Peloquin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Madelyn B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Bryce J. O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Kamran B. Ghiassi
- Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA 93524, USA
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
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Saeedian Moghadam E, Saravani F, Ostad S, Tavajohi S, Pirali Hamedani M, Amini M. Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of indibulin analogs. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIndibulin is one of the most potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors with minimal peripheral neuropathy. The design and synthesis of new indibulin analogs were carried out in order to investigate their anti-cancer activity. The target compounds 4a–i were synthesized in multistep reactions starting with the related indole derivatives. Compound 4f shows the highest cytotoxic activity on HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines with the respective half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.1 μm and 7.3 μm. In the case of the T47-D cell line, compound 4c exerts the best cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 11.5 μm. In the cell cycle analysis on HT-29 cells, compound 4f at 5.1 μm showed an increase in the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase. Altogether, nine target compounds were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. Some of the compounds show good cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Farhad Saravani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Seyednasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shohreh Tavajohi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Morteza Pirali Hamedani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Surukonti N, Kotamarthi B. Mono substituted pyrenes as multifunctional materials for OLED: Analysis of the substituent effects on the charge transport properties using DFT methods. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Schraff S, Sun Y, Pammer F. Fulvenyl-Functionalized Polyisocyanides: Cross-Conjugated Electrochromic Polymers with Variable Optical and Electrochemical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische
Universität
Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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2-[2-Methyl-5-phenyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-2-oxo-N-(pyridin-4-yl) acetamide. MOLBANK 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/m1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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30
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Adas SK, Peloquin AJ, Iacono ST, Balaich GJ. 9-(3,5-Dimethylbenzylidene)-8-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-2,4,7,8-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoazulene acetonitrile disolvate. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618005539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title Diels–Alder product, C52H44·2CH3CN, was obtained in trace quantity as the `endo' isomer during the synthesis of 1,3-diphenyl-6-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)fulvene. One of the two co-crystallized acetonitrile molecules is linked to the main molecule by a weak C—H...N hydrogen bond.
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31
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Sodium naphthalenide reduction of 1,3–diphenyl–6–(tert-butyl) fulvene: Stabilizing Eu2+ with a sterically demanding ansa–ligand framework. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Anjali BA, Suresh CH. Predicting reduction potentials of 1,3,6-triphenyl fulvenes using molecular electrostatic potential analysis of substituent effects. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:881-888. [PMID: 29322538 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The influence of mono- and multiple substituent effect on the reduction potential (E0 ) of 1,3,6-triphenyl fulvenes is investigated using B3LYP-SMD/6-311+G(d,p) level density functional theory. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) minimum at the fulvene π-system (Vmin ) and the change in MESP at any of the fulvene carbon atoms (ΔVC ) for both neutral and reduced forms are used as excellent measures of substituent effect from the para and meta positions of the 1,3 and 6-phenyl moieties. Substitution at 6-phenyl para position has led to significant change in E0 than any other positions. By applying the additivity rule of substituent effects, an equation in ΔVC is derived to predict E0 for multiply substituted fulvenes. Further, E0 is predicted for a set of 2000 hexa-substituted fulvene derivatives where the substituents and their positions in the system are chosen in a random way. The calculated E0 agreed very well with the experimental E0 reported by Godman et al. Predicting E0 solely by substituent effect offers a simple and powerful way to select suitable combinations of substituents on fulvene system for light harvesting applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Amutha Anjali
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695019, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695019, India
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Xu C, Han Y, Chen S, Xu D, Zhang B, Shan Z, Du S, Xu L, Gong P. One-pot synthesis of 2-methyl-1,5-diaromatic-1H-pyrroles from styrene, acetone and arylamines using TBHP, copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and sulfamic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shi X, Sasmal A, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Metal-Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation of 5-Membered Carbocyclic Rings: A Powerful Access to Azulene, Acenaphthylene and Fulvene Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2017; 13:143-157. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Shi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1, “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Arpan Sasmal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1, “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1, “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-; Université de Rennes 1, “Organométalliques, Matériaux et Catalyse”; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
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35
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Brahim M, Ben Ammar H, Dorcet V, Soulé JF, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization of 6,6-Diphenylfulvenes: An Easier Access to C1-Arylated and C1,C4-Diarylated Fulvenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:2584-2587. [PMID: 28480718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conditions allowing the palladium-catalyzed regioselective direct arylation of fulvene derivatives are reported. The nature of the aryl source exhibits an important influence on the yield. The reaction of fulvenes with aryl bromides gave poor yields, whereas the use of benzenesulfonyl chlorides gave rise to fulvenes arylated at C1- and C4-positions on the 5-membered ring in good yields. The reaction tolerates various substituents such as nitrile, nitro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, chloro, or even bromo on the benzenesulfonyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Brahim
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Asymétrique et Catalyse Homogène, (UR 11ES56), Université de Monastir , Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, avenue de l'environnement, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hamed Ben Ammar
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Asymétrique et Catalyse Homogène, (UR 11ES56), Université de Monastir , Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, avenue de l'environnement, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Soulé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 "Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse", 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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36
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Preethalayam P, Krishnan KS, Thulasi S, Chand SS, Joseph J, Nair V, Jaroschik F, Radhakrishnan KV. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Pentafulvenes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3930-3989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preethanuj Preethalayam
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - K. Syam Krishnan
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sreeja Thulasi
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - S. Sarath Chand
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Jomy Joseph
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Vijay Nair
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- Organic
Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
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37
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Godman NP, Adas SK, Hellwig KM, Ball DW, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Linear Free Energy Relationship of 1,3-Diphenyl-6-alkyl/arylfulvenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9630-9638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Godman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Sonya K. Adas
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Karl M. Hellwig
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - David W. Ball
- Department
of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44415, United States
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
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38
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Platonov DN, Okonnishnikova GP, Salikov RF, Tomilov YV. Synthesis and UV–vis spectra of a new type of dye via a decarboxylative azo coupling reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Godman NP, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. First preparation of low band gap fulvene-modified polynorbornene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5242-5. [PMID: 26980553 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New polymers containing intact pendant-fulvene moieties have been successfully prepared from 1,3-phenyl-6-norbornenylfulvene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The prepared polyfulvenes have unique electrochemical and photophysical properties which make them interesting candidates for light harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Godman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA.
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40
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Tan C, Ye W, Yao J, Liu J, Xue S, Li Y, Wang C. Efficient strategy for construction of 6-carbamoylfulvene-6-carboxylate skeletons via [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 1-cyanocyclopropane 1-ester with β-nitrostyrenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward the preparation of 6-carbamoylfulvene-6-carboxylates via a cycloaddition reaction between 1-cyanocyclopropane 1-ester and β-nitrostyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Weijian Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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41
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Shurdha E, Miller HA, Johnson RE, Balaich GJ, Iacono ST. Synthesis and thermal properties of a new styryl-functionalized pentafulvene glassy carbon precursor. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Shurdha E, Dees K, Miller HA, Iacono ST, Balaich GJ. 3-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)cyclo-pent-2-en-1-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o692-3. [PMID: 24940269 PMCID: PMC4051020 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681401071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C11H9BrO, the cyclo-pentenone ring is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0097 Å. The largest inter-ring torsion angles [2.4 (3), 1.3 (3) and 3.53 (2)°] reveal only a very small twist between the rings, and suggest that the two rings are conjugated. The mol-ecule is slightly bowed, as shown by the small dihedral angle between the rings [5.3 (1)°]. The crystal packing pattern consists of parallel sheets that stack parallel to the ac plane. Each sheet consists of mol-ecules that pack side-to-side with the same relative orientation of phenyl and cyclo-pentenone rings along the a- and c-axis directions. Slipped side-to-side, face-to-face and edge-to-face inter-actions exist between pairs of sheets with edge-to-edge and edge-to-face O⋯H-C(sp (2)) weak hydrogen-bond contacts. A relatively short edge-to-face contact (2.77 Å) also exists between pairs of sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shurdha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N 225, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Kelsey Dees
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N 225, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Hannah A Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N 225, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Scott T Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N 225, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N 225, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA
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43
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Shurdha E, Repasy BK, Miller HA, Dees K, Iacono ST, Ball DW, Balaich GJ. Symmetrical bis(fulvene) chromophores: model compounds for acceptor–donor–acceptor dye architectures. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method for synthesizing conjugated bis(fulvenes) demonstrates tailorable optical band gaps and serves as a model dye system for new organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shurdha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center
- United States Air Force Academy
- Colorado Springs
- USA
| | | | - Hannah A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center
- United States Air Force Academy
- Colorado Springs
- USA
| | - Kelsey Dees
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center
- United States Air Force Academy
- Colorado Springs
- USA
| | - Scott T. Iacono
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center
- United States Air Force Academy
- Colorado Springs
- USA
| | - David W. Ball
- Department of Chemistry
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Gary J. Balaich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center
- United States Air Force Academy
- Colorado Springs
- USA
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44
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Jayamurugan G, Dumele O, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Schweizer WB, Bernet B, Diederich F. Expanding the chemical structure space of opto-electronic molecular materials: unprecedented push-pull chromophores by reaction of a donor-substituted tetracyanofulvene with electron-rich alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3599-606. [PMID: 23350527 DOI: 10.1021/ja312084s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of a 3,5-bis(N,N-dimethylanilino)-substituted 2,4,6,6-tetracyanopentafulvene (TCPF) with mono- and bis(N,N-dimethylanilino)acetylene provides facile access to push-pull chromophores with diverse new scaffolds. The starting TCPF reacts with bis(N,N-dimethylanilino)acetylene in a formal [2+2] cycloaddition at the exocyclic double bond, followed by retroelectrocyclization, to yield an ethenylene-extended push-pull pentafulvene. The transformation with 4-ethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline also yields a similar extended pentafulvene as well as two other products that required X-ray analysis for their structure elucidation. One features an 8,8-dicyanoheptafulvene core formed by formal [2+2] cycloaddition, followed by ring opening via fragmentation. The second is a chiral cyclobutenylated tetrahydropentalene, resulting from a cascade of formal [6+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions. All new nonplanar push-pull chromophores display amphoteric redox behavior with both strong electron-donating and -accepting potency. Notably, the N,N-dimethylanilino-substituted extended pentafulvenes show remarkably low oxidation potentials (0.27/0.28 V vs Fc/Fc(+) reference) that are lower than those for N,N-dimethylaniline itself. The push-pull-substituted extended pentafulvenes feature intense electronic absorption bands, extending over the entire visible spectral range into the near infrared, and low highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps. These properties, together with high thermal stability and good solubility, suggest the potential use of the new chromophores as advanced materials in molecular electronics devices.
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