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Shi Y, Derasp JS, Maschmeyer T, Hein JE. Phase transfer catalysts shift the pathway to transmetalation in biphasic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5436. [PMID: 38937470 PMCID: PMC11211432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling is a widely used C-C bond forming reaction. Numerous mechanistic studies have enabled the use of low catalyst loadings and broad functional group tolerance. However, the dominant mode of transmetalation remains controversial and likely depends on the conditions employed. Herein we detail a mechanistic study of the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling under biphasic conditions. The use of phase transfer catalysts results in a remarkable 12-fold rate enhancement in the targeted system. A shift from an oxo-palladium based transmetalation to a boronate-based pathway lies at the root of this activity. Furthermore, a study of the impact of different water loadings reveals reducing the proportion of the aqueous phase increases the reaction rate, contrary to reaction conditions typically employed in the literature. The importance of these findings is highlighted by achieving an exceptionally broad substrate scope with benzylic electrophiles using a 10-fold reduction in catalyst loading relative to literature precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua S Derasp
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Tristan Maschmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Roldan BJ, Hammerstad TA, Galliher MS, Keylor MH, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. Leveraging the Persistent Radical Effect in the Synthesis of trans-2,3-Diaryl Dihydrobenzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305801. [PMID: 37390358 PMCID: PMC10528744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for accessing trans-2,3-diaryl dihydrobenzofurans is reported. This approach leverages the equilibrium between quinone methide dimers and their persistent radicals. This equilibrium is disrupted by phenols that yield comparatively transient phenoxyl radicals, leading to cross-coupling between the persistent and transient radicals. The resultant quinone methides with pendant phenols rapidly cyclize to form dihydrobenzofurans (DHBs). This putative biomimetic access to dihydrobenzofurans provides superb functional group tolerance and a unified approach for the synthesis of resveratrol-based natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bec J Roldan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis A Hammerstad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew S Galliher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mitchell H Keylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Fan JH, Hu YJ, Li LX, Wang JJ, Li SP, Zhao J, Li CC. Recent advances in total syntheses of natural products containing the benzocycloheptane motif. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1821-1851. [PMID: 33650613 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2020Benzocycloheptane is a fundamental and unique structural motif found in pharmaceuticals and natural products. The total syntheses of natural products bearing the benzocycloheptane subunit are challenging and there are only a few efficient approaches to access benzocycloheptane. Thus, new methods and innovative strategies for preparing such natural products need to be developed. In this review, recent progress in the total syntheses of natural products bearing the benzocycloheptane motif is presented, and key transformations for the construction of benzocycloheptane are highlighted. This review provides a useful guide for those engaged in the syntheses of natural products containing the benzocycloheptane motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ya-Jian Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China. and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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4
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Romero KJ, Keylor MH, Griesser M, Zhu X, Strobel EJ, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. Synthesis of Vitisins A and D Enabled by a Persistent Radical Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6499-6504. [PMID: 32156107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the resveratrol tetramers vitisin A and vitisin D is reported. Electrochemical generation and selective dimerization of persistent radicals is followed by thermal isomerization of the symmetric C8b-C8c dimer to the C3c-C8b isomer, providing rapid entry into the vitisin core. Computational results suggest that this synthetic approach mimics Nature's strategy for constructing these complex molecules. Sequential acid-mediated rearrangements consistent with the proposed biogenesis of these compounds afford vitisin A and vitisin D. The rapid synthesis of these complex molecules will enable further study of their pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mitchell H Keylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ethan J Strobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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5
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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Kotipalli T, Hou DR. Synthesis of Indenes by a BF3·OEt2-Mediated, One-Pot Reaction of Aryl Homopropargyl Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Arenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:4787-4790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trimurtulu Kotipalli
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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7
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Abstract
This account describes the historical development of the coupling of γ,δ-unsaturated Fischer carbene complexes and o-alkynylbenzaldehydes, which directly affords hydrophenanthrene ring systems in a process where each reactant contributes five carbons to the newly-formed bicyclo[4.4.0]decane ring system. The process has been termed net [5+5] cycloaddition. Use of the reaction to produce various medicinally important natural products and/or their parent ring systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Bishnu Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
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8
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Hoshiya N, Noda K, Mihara Y, Kawai N, Uenishi J. Synthesis of the Core Tricyclic Ring Domain of (−)-Schulzeine B. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7790-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hoshiya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina,
Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenta Noda
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina,
Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuji Mihara
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina,
Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawai
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina,
Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 11-68 Koshien
Kyu-bancho, Nishinomiya, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Jun’ichi Uenishi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina,
Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
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9
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Maluenda I, Navarro O. Recent developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction: 2010-2014. Molecules 2015; 20:7528-57. [PMID: 25919276 PMCID: PMC6272665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (SMR), involving the coupling of an organoboron reagent and an organic halide or pseudo-halide in the presence of a palladium or nickel catalyst and a base, has arguably become one of most utilized tools for the construction of a C-C bond. This review intends to be general account of all types of catalytic systems, new coupling partners and applications, including the literature between September 2010 and December 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maluenda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
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10
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Ghinet A, Gautret P, Hijfte NV, Ledé B, Hénichart JP, Bîcu E, Darbost U, Rigo B, Daïch A. Eaton’s Reagent-Mediated Domino π-Cationic Arylations of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids to Iasi-Red Polymethoxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Products with Unprecedented Biological Activities as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Chemistry 2014; 20:10117-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Das A, Krishna Reddy AG, Krishna J, Satyanarayana G. An efficient synthesis of highly substituted indanones and chalcones promoted by superacid. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04763j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A superacid promoted one-pot method was developed for the efficient synthesis of indanones. This process enabled the formation of a dual C–C bond between the aryl isopropyl ketones and benzaldehydes. Interestingly, when the reaction was performed between acetophenones and benzaldehydes, it was impeded after the aldol condensation and resulted in the corresponding chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District, India
| | | | - Jonnada Krishna
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District, India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad
- Ordnance Factory Estate Campus
- Medak District, India
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12
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Park KY, Kim BT, Heo JN. Direct One-Pot Synthesis of Naphthoxindoles from 4-Bromooxindoles by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling and Aldol Condensation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Naredla RR, Klumpp DA. Contemporary Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6905-48. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Reddy Naredla
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
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