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Thapa Magar TB, Lee J, Lee JH, Jeon J, Gurung P, Lim J, Kim YW. Novel Chlorin e6-Curcumin Derivatives as a Potential Photosensitizer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1577. [PMID: 37376026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel series of chlorin e6-curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds 16, 17, 18, and 19 were tested for their photodynamic treatment (PDT) efficacy against human pancreatic cancer cell lines: AsPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and PANC-1. The cellular uptake study was performed in the aforementioned cell lines using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). 17, among the synthesized compounds with IC50 values of 0.27, 0.42, and 0.21 µM against AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 cell lines, respectively, demonstrated excellent cellular internalization capability and exhibited higher phototoxicity relative to the parent Ce6. The quantitative analyses using Annexin V-PI staining revealed that the 17-PDT-induced apoptosis was dose-dependent. In pancreatic cell lines, 17 reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and increased the pro-apoptotic protein, cytochrome C, which indicates the activation of intrinsic apoptosis, the primary cause of cancer cell death. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that the incorporation of additional methyl ester moiety and conjugation to the enone moiety of curcumin enhances cellular uptake and PDT efficacy. Moreover, in vivo PDT testing in melanoma mouse models revealed that 17-PDT greatly reduced tumor growth. Therefore, 17 might be an effective photosensitizer for PDT anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jusuk Lee
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Jeon
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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2
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Conjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Potential Anticancer Target-Oriented Photosensitizers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:10. [PMID: 36826755 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors using photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species, which can destroy cellular structures. With the development of photodynamic therapy, significant efforts have been made to create new efficient photosensitizers with improved delivery to cells, stability, and selectivity against cancer tissues. Naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, such as porphyrins and chlorins, are very attractive as photosensitizers, and their structural modification and conjugation with other biologically active molecules are promising approaches for creating new photosensitizers specifically targeting cancer cells. The present review aims to highlight recent developments in the design, preparation, and investigation of complex conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, which can potentially be used as sensitizers for target-oriented photodynamic therapy of cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure, photodynamic effect, and anticancer activity of the following conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles: (1) conjugates obtained by modifying peripheral substituents in porphyrins and chlorins; (2) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, and peptides; (3) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with anticancer drugs and some other biologically active molecules; (4) metal-containing conjugates. The question of how the conjugate structure affects its specificity, internalization, localization, and photoinduced toxicity within cancer cells is the focus of this review.
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3
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Fonseca JL, Sosa MJ, Petroselli G, Erra-Balsells R, Quindt MI, Bonesi SM, Greer A, Greer EM, Thomas AH, Vignoni M. Synthesis, Characterization and Photocleavage of Bis-decyl Pteroic Acid: A Folate Derivative with Affinity to Biomembranes †. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:593-604. [PMID: 36478217 DOI: 10.1111/php.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide mechanistic insight to the photocleavage of a compound in the folate family, namely pteroic acid. A bis-decyl chain derivative of pteroic acid was synthesized, structurally characterized and photochemically investigated. We showed that, like folic acid, pteroic acid and the decylated derivative undergo a photocleavage reaction in the presence of H2 O, while no reaction was observed in methanol solution. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were carried out to predict relative stabilities of hypothetical mono-, bis- and tris-decylated pteroic acid derivatives to help rationalize the regioselectivity of the bis-decyl pteroic acid product. Additionally, the lipophilicity of the bis-decyl pteroic acid appears to confer a hydrophobic property enabling an interaction with biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Fonseca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Sosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Petroselli
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías I Quindt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Edyta M Greer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Vignoni
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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4
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Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? J Control Release 2022; 351:692-702. [PMID: 36150580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a robust cancer treatment modality, and the precise spatiotemporal control of its subcellular action site is crucial for its effectiveness. However, accurate comparison of the efficacy of different organelle-targeted PDT approaches is challenging since it is difficult to find a single system that can achieve separate targeting of different organelles with separable time windows and similar binding amounts. Herein, we conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG5000-NH2) to afford DSPE-PEG-Ce6, which could migrate from mitochondrion to lysosome and ultimately to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after cellular internalization. Benefiting from the dynamic subcellular distribution of DSPE-PEG-Ce6 with tunable organelle-binding amounts, we accurately determined the PDT efficacy order of the molecule, i.e., mitochondrion > ER > lysosome. This work proposes an ideal model system for accurately evaluating the specific organelle-targeted PDT efficacy and may promote the future development of effective PDT strategies.
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Synthesis and Design of Purpurin-18-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Anticancer Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051064. [PMID: 35631650 PMCID: PMC9146874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin-18 (P18) is one of the essential photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but its hydrophobicity causes easy coalescence and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize P18 and design P18-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve its bioavailability. The characteristics of the synthesized P18 and SLNs were evaluated by particle characteristics and release studies. The effects of P18 were evaluated using the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay as a nonbiological assay and a phototoxicity assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines as a biological assay. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the SLNs were 164.70–762.53 nm and −16.77–25.54 mV, respectively. These results indicate that P18-loaded SLNs are suitable for an enhanced permeability and retention effect as a passive targeting anti-cancer strategy. The formulations exhibited a burst and sustained release based on their stability. The DPBF assay indicated that the PDT effect of P18 improved when it was entrapped in the SLNs. The photocytotoxicity assay indicated that P18-loaded SLNs possessed light cytotoxicity but no dark cytotoxicity. In addition, the PDT activity of the formulations was cell type- and size-dependent. These results suggest that the designed P18-loaded SLNs are a promising tool for anticancer treatment using PDT.
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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7
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Feng Y, Coradi Tonon C, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic and antibiotic therapy in combination against bacterial infections: efficacy, determinants, mechanisms, and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113941. [PMID: 34419503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment, the mainstay for the control of bacterial infections, is greatly hampered by the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against MDR infections, but PDT-induced bacterial inactivation is often incomplete, causing the relapse of infections. Combination of PDT and antibiotics is a promising strategy to overcome the limitation of both antibiotic treatment and PDT, exerting increased disinfection efficacy on MDR bacterial pathogens versus either of the monotherapies alone. In this review, we present an overview of the therapeutic effects of PDT/antibiotic combinations that have been developed. We further summarize the influencing factors and the governing molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic outcomes of PDT/antibiotic combinations. In the end, we provide concluding remarks on the strengths, limitations, and future research directions of PDT/antibiotic combination therapy to guide its appropriate usage and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Caroline Coradi Tonon
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Health Sciences and Technology (Harvard-MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Luo Y, Jia T, Fang J, Liu D, Saikam V, Sheng X, Iyer SS. Rapid, user-friendly, and inexpensive detection of azidothymidine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1999-2006. [PMID: 33484329 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very important to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive patients to reduce new infections and determine treatment success. Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug commonly used in HAART treatment. In this research, an "add, mix, and measure" assay was developed to detect AZT within minutes. Three different probes designed to release fluorophores when samples containing AZT are added were synthesized and characterized. The limit of detection to AZT in simulated urine samples was determined to be 4 μM in 5 min for one of the probes. This simple and rapid point-of-care test could potentially be used by clinicians and health care workers to monitor the presence of AZT in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Tianwei Jia
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Jieqiong Fang
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Dandan Liu
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Xiaolin Sheng
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- 788 Petit Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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Zhang H, Esquivel Guzman JA, Feng X, Rivera E, Lavertu M, Zhu X. Protoporphyrin IX copolymer with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and its thermoresponsive properties. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and their derivatives have been widely used in catalysis, energy conversion, photonics, and biomedicine; however, their use in biological applications is restricted by their limited solubility in aqueous systems. We have prepared a water-soluble copolymer containing moieties of naturally occurring protoporphyrin IX using direct copolymerization of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) methacrylate monomer with protoporphyrin IX via free-radical polymerization. The content of protoporphyrin IX in the copolymer was determined by 1H NMR and UV–vis absorption spectroscopies. Their solution properties and the photostability of the protoporphyrin IX moiety in the copolymer provide direct evidence of the covalent incorporation of protoporphyrin IX within the copolymer. The copolymer showed a reversible phase transition in aqueous solution due to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The phase transition temperature varies with the pH of the solutions because of the protonation of the carboxylic acid groups. This copolymer may be useful as an alternative thermoresponsive material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Xiantao Feng
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Département de génie chimique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - X.X. Zhu
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Robinson-Duggon J, Pizarro N, Gunther G, Zúñiga-Núñez D, Edwards AM, Greer A, Fuentealba D. Fatty Acid Conjugates of Toluidine Blue O as Amphiphilic Photosensitizers: Synthesis, Solubility, Photophysics and Photochemical Properties †. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:71-79. [PMID: 32619275 DOI: 10.1111/php.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toluidine blue O (TBO) is a water-soluble photosensitizer that has been used in photodynamic antimicrobial and anticancer treatments, but suffers from limited solubility in hydrophobic media. In an effort to incrementally increase TBO's hydrophobicity, we describe the synthesis of hexanoic (TBOC6) and myristic (TBOC14) fatty acid derivatives of TBO formed in low to moderate percent yields by condensation with the free amine site. Covalently linking 6 and 14 carbon chains led to modifications of not only TBO's solubility, but also its photophysical and photochemical properties. TBOC6 and TBOC14 derivatives were more soluble in organic solvents and showed hypsochromic shifts in their absorption and emission bands. The solubility in phosphate buffer solution was low for both TBOC6 and TBOC14, but unexpectedly slightly greater in the latter. Both TBOC6 and TBOC14 showed decreased triplet excited-state lifetimes and singlet oxygen quantum yields in acetonitrile, which was attributed to heightened aggregation of these conjugates particularly at high concentrations due to the hydrophobic "tails." While in diluted aqueous buffer solution, indirect measurements showed similar efficiency in singlet oxygen generation for TBOC14 compared to TBO. This work demonstrates a facile synthesis of fatty acid TBO derivatives leading to amphiphilic compounds with a delocalized cationic "head" group and hydrophobic "tails" for potential to accumulate into biological membranes or membrane/aqueous interfaces in PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Robinson-Duggon
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá City, Panamá
| | - Nancy Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Gunther
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Zúñiga-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Biosupramolecular, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Pavlíčková V, Rimpelová S, Jurášek M, Záruba K, Fähnrich J, Křížová I, Bejček J, Rottnerová Z, Spiwok V, Drašar P, Ruml T. PEGylated Purpurin 18 with Improved Solubility: Potent Compounds for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:E4477. [PMID: 31817655 PMCID: PMC6943672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin 18 derivatives with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker were synthesized as novel photosensitizers (PSs) with the goal of using them in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. These compounds, derived from a second-generation PS, exhibit absorption at long wavelengths; considerable singlet oxygen generation and, in contrast to purpurin 18, have higher hydrophilicity due to decreased logP. Together, these properties make them potentially ideal PSs. To verify this, we screened the developed compounds for cell uptake, intracellular localization, antitumor activity and induced cell death type. All of the tested compounds were taken up into cancer cells of various origin and localized in organelles known to be important PDT targets, specifically, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The incorporation of a zinc ion and PEGylation significantly enhanced the photosensitizing efficacy, decreasing IC50 (half maximal inhibitory compound concentration) in HeLa cells by up to 170 times compared with the parental purpurin 18. At effective PDT concentrations, the predominant type of induced cell death was apoptosis. Overall, our results show that the PEGylated derivatives presented have significant potential as novel PSs with substantially augmented phototoxicity for application in the PDT of cervical, prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Křížová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Bejček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Zdeňka Rottnerová
- Central laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
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12
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Gilson RC, Tang R, Gautam KS, Grabowska D, Achilefu S. Trafficking of a Single Photosensitizing Molecule to Different Intracellular Organelles Demonstrates Effective Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1451-1458. [PMID: 31009564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often used in preclinical and clinical treatment regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PSs) upon exposure to light induce cell death via diverse mechanisms. PSs can exert therapeutic effects in different cellular organelles, although the efficacy of organelle-specific PDT has yet to be determined as most previous studies use different PSs in different organelles. Here, we explored how a single PS, chlorin e6 (Ce6), targeted to different organelles altered the effectiveness of PDT. Ce6 intrinsically localizes to the ER after 4 h of incubation. Modification of Ce6 via conjugation with an octapeptide (LS765), a monosubstituted triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivative (LS897), or a disubstituted TPP derivative (LS909) altered the intrinsic localization. We determined that LS765 and LS9897 predominantly accumulated in the lysosomes, but LS909 trafficked equally to both the mitochondria and the lysosomes. Moreover, the conjugation altered the type of ROS produced by Ce6, increasing the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals. Irradiation of identical concentrations of the PSs in solution with 650 nm, 0.84 mW/cm2 light for 10 min showed that the TPP conjugates nearly doubled the hydrogen peroxide production from ∼0.2 μM for Ce6 and LS765 to ∼0.37 μM for LS897 and LS909. In contrast, Ce6 produced ∼1.5-fold higher hydroxyl radicals than its conjugates. To compare the effect of each PS on cell death, we normalized the intracellular concentration of each PS. Hydrogen peroxide-producing PSs are effective PDT agents in the lysosomes while the hydroxyl-generating PSs are very effective in the ER. Compared to the PSs that accumulated in the lysosomes, only the ER-targeted Ce6 exerted >50% cell death at either low light power or low intracellular concentration. By delineating the contributions of cellular organelles and types of ROS produced, our work suggests that targeting hydroxyl radical-producing PSs to the ER is an exciting strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis, Missouri 63130 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Krishna Sharmah Gautam
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Dorota Grabowska
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis, Missouri 63130 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Avenue , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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13
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Lamch Ł, Pucek A, Kulbacka J, Chudy M, Jastrzębska E, Tokarska K, Bułka M, Brzózka Z, Wilk KA. Recent progress in the engineering of multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 261:62-81. [PMID: 30262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This up-to-date review summarizes the design and current fabrication strategies that have been employed in the area of mono- and multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles - nanocarriers well suited for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnostic purposes. Rationally engineered photosensitizer (PS)-loaded nanoparticles may be achieved via either noncovalent (i.e., self-aggregation, interfacial deposition, interfacial polymerization, or core-shell entrapment along with physical adsorption) or covalent (chemical immobilization or conjugation) processes. These PS loading approaches should provide chemical and physical stability to PS payloads. Their hydrophilic surfaces, capable of appreciable surface interactions with biological systems, can be further modified using functional groups (stealth effect) to achieve prolonged circulation in the body after administration and/or grafted by targeting agents (such as ligands, which bind to specific receptors uniquely expressed on the cell surface) or stimuli (e.g., pH, temperature, and light)-responsive moieties to improve their action and targeting efficiency. These attempts may in principle permit efficacious PDT, combination therapies, molecular diagnosis, and - in the case of nanotheranostics - simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Nanophotosensitizers (nano-PSs) should possess appropriate morphologies, sizes, unimodal distributions and surface processes to be successfully delivered to the place of action after systemic administration and should be accumulated in certain tumors by passive and/or active targeting. Additionally, physically facilitating drug delivery systems emerge as a promising approach to enhancing drug delivery, especially for the non-invasive treatment of deep-seated malignant tissues. Recent advances in nano-PSs are scrutinized, with an emphasis on design principles, via the promising use of colloid chemistry and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Pucek
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Wrocław, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Chudy
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tokarska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bułka
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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14
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Pushalkar S, Ghosh G, Xu Q, Liu Y, Ghogare AA, Atem C, Greer A, Saxena D, Lyons AM. Superhydrophobic Photosensitizers: Airborne 1O 2 Killing of an in Vitro Oral Biofilm at the Plastron Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25819-25829. [PMID: 29972022 PMCID: PMC6698391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a potent agent for the selective killing of a wide range of harmful cells; however, current delivery methods pose significant obstacles to its widespread use as a treatment agent. Limitations include the need for photosensitizer proximity to tissue because of the short (3.5 μs) lifetime of singlet oxygen in contact with water; the strong optical absorption of the photosensitizer, which limits the penetration depth; and hypoxic environments that restrict the concentration of available oxygen. In this article, we describe a novel superhydrophobic singlet oxygen delivery device for the selective inactivation of bacterial biofilms. The device addresses the current limitations by: immobilizing photosensitizer molecules onto inert silica particles; embedding the photosensitizer-containing particles into the plastron (i.e. the fluid-free space within a superhydrophobic surface between the solid substrate and fluid layer); distributing the particles along an optically transparent substrate such that they can be uniformly illuminated; enabling the penetration of oxygen via the contiguous vapor space defined by the plastron; and stabilizing the superhydrophobic state while avoiding the direct contact of the sensitizer to biomaterials. In this way, singlet oxygen generated on the sensitizer-containing particles can diffuse across the plastron and kill bacteria even deep within the hypoxic periodontal pockets. For the first time, we demonstrate complete biofilm inactivation (>5 log killing) of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium implicated in periodontal disease using the superhydrophobic singlet oxygen delivery device. The biofilms were cultured on hydroxyapatite disks and exposed to active and control surfaces to assess the killing efficiency as monitored by colony counting and confocal microscopy. Two sensitizer particle types, a silicon phthalocyanine sol-gel and a chlorin e6 derivative covalently bound to fluorinated silica, were evaluated; the biofilm killing efficiency was found to correlate with the amount of singlet oxygen detected in separate trapping studies. Finally, we discuss the applications of such devices in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - QianFeng Xu
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ashwini A. Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cecilia Atem
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, United States
| | - Alan M. Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- SingletO2 Therapeutics LLC, 215 W 125 St., 4 Floor, New York, NY 10027, United States
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15
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Gonzales J, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Hart D, Yuen M, Sifuentes MP, Samarxhiu B, Maranan M, Berisha N, Batteas J, Drain CM. One-Pot Synthesis of Four Chlorin Derivatives by a Divergent Ylide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6307-6314. [PMID: 29775305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorins have unique photophysical properties that are exploited in diverse biological and materials applications. De novo chlorin synthesis with specific exocyclic motifs can be challenging and many are not stable to photobleaching and/or oxidation. A facile approach to a stable synthetic chlorin with a fused N-methyl pyrrolidine uses cyclo addition of a sarcosine-based azomethine ylide on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPF20) is reported, but this approach has limitations. We report the synthesis of stable chlorin scaffolds starting with TPPF20 using a new glycine-based N-(hydroxymethyl)- N-methelenemethanideaminium ylide. Careful control of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction allows a divergent use of the glycine derived ylide to yield four new chlorins, including the fused NH-pyrrolidine, two dimers, and the same N-methyl chlorin product from the sarcosine ylide reaction. The mechanism begins with the formation of a bis(hydroxymethyl)glycine, which then dehydrates and decarboxylates to form the active N-(hydroxymethyl)- N-methelenemethanideaminium ylide, which then reacts with TPPF20 to form a key N-(hydroxymethyl)-17,18-pyrrolidinyl-chlorin intermediate. Deformylation of this intermediate affords the (17,18-pyrrolidinyl)-chlorin, whereas a Cannizzaro-type reaction promotes a hydride attack to an imine chlorin cation to yield the N-methyl chlorin. The exocyclic NH-pyrrolidine provides a unique mode of attaching chiral moieties that avoids formation of diasteromers at the bridgehead carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Graduate Center of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Daniel Hart
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Man Yuen
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Maria Pia Sifuentes
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Bleron Samarxhiu
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Mark Maranan
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Naxhije Berisha
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - James Batteas
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of The City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,The Rockefeller University , New York , New York 10016 , United States
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16
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Walalawela N, Vignoni M, Urrutia MN, Belh SJ, Greer EM, Thomas AH, Greer A. Kinetic Control in the Regioselective Alkylation of Pterin Sensitizers: A Synthetic, Photochemical, and Theoretical Study. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:834-844. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niluksha Walalawela
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY
| | - Mariana Vignoni
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - María Noel Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Sarah J. Belh
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY
| | - Edyta M. Greer
- Department of Natural Sciences Baruch College City University of New York New York NY
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY
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17
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Gavrina AI, Shirmanova MV, Aksenova NA, Yuzhakova DV, Snopova LB, Solovieva AB, Тimashev PS, Dudenkova VV, Zagaynova EV. Photodynamic therapy of mouse tumor model using chlorin e6- polyvinyl alcohol complex. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:614-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Landeros-Martinez LL, Glossman-Mitnik D, Orrantia-Borunda E, Flores-Holguín N. New Methods of Esterification of Nanodiamonds in Fighting Breast Cancer-A Density Functional Theory Approach. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101740. [PMID: 29048376 PMCID: PMC6151705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanodiamonds as anticancer drug delivery vehicles has received much attention in recent years. In this theoretical paper, we propose using different esterification methods for nanodiamonds. The monomers proposed are 2-hydroxypropanal, polyethylene glycol, and polyglicolic acid. Specifically, the hydrogen bonds, infrared (IR) spectra, molecular polar surface area, and reactivity parameters are analyzed. The monomers proposed for use in esterification follow Lipinski's rule of five, meaning permeability is good, they have good permeation, and their bioactivity is high. The results show that the complex formed between tamoxifen and nanodiamond esterified with polyglicolic acid presents the greatest number of hydrogen bonds and a good amount of molecular polar surface area. Calculations concerning the esterified nanodiamond and reactivity parameters were performed using Density Functional Theory with the M06 functional and the basis set 6-31G (d); for the esterified nanodiamond-Tamoxifen complexes, the semi-empirical method PM6 was used. The solvent effect has been taken into account by using implicit modelling and the conductor-like polarizable continuum model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Lucila Landeros-Martinez
- Laboratorio Virtual Nanocosmos, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energia, Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual Nanocosmos, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energia, Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico.
| | - Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
- Laboratorio Virtual Nanocosmos, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energia, Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico.
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual Nanocosmos, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energia, Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31136, Mexico.
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19
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Sabuzi F, Lentini S, Sforza F, Pezzola S, Fratelli S, Bortolini O, Floris B, Conte V, Galloni P. KuQuinones Equilibria Assessment for Biomedical Applications. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10129-10138. [PMID: 28872314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A small library of pentacyclic quinoid compounds, called KuQuinones (KuQs), has been prepared through a one-pot reaction. KuQuinones complex structure is made up by two naphthoquinone units connected by a five-membered ring. Due to KuQs structural features, keto-enol tautomerization in solution likely occurs, leading to the generation of four different species, i.e., the enol, the enolate, the external enol and the diquinoid species. The interchange among KuQ tautomers leads to substantial spectral variations of the dye depending on the experimental conditions used. The comprehension of tautomeric equilibria of this new class of quinoid compounds is strongly required in order to explain their behavior in solution and in biological environment. UV-vis, 1H NMR spectroscopies, and DFT calculations resulted appropriate tools to understand the nature of the prevalent KuQuinone species in solution. Moreover, due to the structural similarity of KuQuinones with camptothecin (CPT), a largely used anticancer agent, KuQs have been tested against Cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 and SW480 cancer cell lines. Results highlighted that KuQs are highly active toward the analyzed cell lines and almost nontoxic for healthy cell, indicating a high specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sabuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sforza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara , via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pezzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fratelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara , via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Floris
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" , Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
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20
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Guo X, Wang L, Wang S, Li Y, Cao L, Cai R, Zhao W. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of chemo-phototherapy: Synthesis and photodynamic activity evaluation of novel Chlorin e6-artesunate conjugates as antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4548-4551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Jeong YIL, Cha B, Lee HL, Song YH, Jung YH, Kwak TW, Choi C, Jeong GW, Nah JW, Kang DH. Simple nanophotosensitizer fabrication using water-soluble chitosan for photodynamic therapy in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Obata M, Tanaka S, Mizukoshi H, Ishihara E, Takahashi M, Hirohara S. RAFT synthesis of an amphiphilic block copolymer bearing chlorin rings in the hydrophobic segment and its application in photodynamic therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi; 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Shuto Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi; 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizukoshi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi; 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Eika Ishihara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi; 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering; University of Yamanashi; 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu 400-8510 Japan
| | - Shiho Hirohara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; National Institute of Technology, Ube College; 2-14-1 Tokiwadai Ube 755-8555 Japan
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23
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Luciano M, Brückner C. Modifications of Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for Their Solubilization in Aqueous Media. Molecules 2017; 22:E980. [PMID: 28608838 PMCID: PMC6152633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of porphyrins and hydroporphyrins for use in a variety of biomedical (photodynamic therapy, fluorescence tagging and imaging, photoacoustic imaging) and technical (chemosensing, catalysis, light harvesting) applications is also associated with the growing number of methodologies that enable their solubilization in aqueous media. Natively, the vast majority of synthetic porphyrinic compounds are not water-soluble. Moreover, any water-solubility imposes several restrictions on the synthetic chemist on when to install solubilizing groups in the synthetic sequence, and how to isolate and purify these compounds. This review summarizes the chemical modifications to render synthetic porphyrins water-soluble, with a focus on the work disclosed since 2000. Where available, practical data such as solubility, indicators for the degree of aggregation, and special notes for the practitioner are listed. We hope that this review will guide synthetic chemists through the many strategies known to make porphyrins and hydroporphyrins water soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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24
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Bornhütter T, Ghogare AA, Preuß A, Greer A, Röder B. Synthesis, Photophysics and PDT Evaluation of Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Hexa-PEG Chlorins for Pointsource Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1259-1268. [PMID: 28391637 DOI: 10.1111/php.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pointsource photodynamic therapy (PSPDT) is a newly developed fiber optic method aimed at the delivery of photosensitizer, light and oxygen to a diseased site. Because of a need for developing photosensitizers with desirable properties for PSPDT, we have carried out a synthetic, photophysical and phototoxicity study on a series of PEGylated sensitizers. Chlorin and pheophorbide sensitizers were readily amenable to our synthetic PEGylation strategy to reach triPEG and hexaPEG galloyl pheophorbides and mono-, di-, triPEG chlorins. On screening these PEG sensitizers, we found that increasing the number of PEG groups, except for hexaPEGylation, increases phototoxicity. We found that three PEG groups but not less or more were optimal. Of the series tested, a triPEG gallyol pheophorbide and a triPEG chlorin were the most efficient at generating singlet oxygen, and produced the highest phototoxicity and lowest dark toxicity to Jurkat cells. A detailed kinetic analysis of the PEGylated sensitizers in solution and cell culture and media is also presented. The data provide us with steps in the development of PSPDT to add to the PDT tools we have in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bornhütter
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, NY
| | - Annegret Preuß
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, NY
| | - Beate Röder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Ghogare AA, Greer A. Synthesis of a poly(ethylene glycol) galloyl sensitizer tip for an 'all-in-one' photodynamic device. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1326-1336. [PMID: 27041367 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a specialized silica tip for an optical fiber device capable of delivering all components necessary for photodynamic therapy. Oxygen, light and a cleavable tripolyethylene glycol (PEG)-galloyl pheophorbide sensitizer are simultaneously delivered by the silica tip, where the tip was synthesized in six steps. A comparison of synthetic steps to reach PEGylated sensitizers bound to fluorinated silica and a previously reported Teflon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite ( Ghosh, G. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 4155- 4164) was made. The hydrolytic stability of the attached PEGs and the extent to which the PEG groups enhance solubility will also be discussed. The new triPEG-galloyl sensitizer has the potential for use in intraoperative pointsource photodynamic therapy which aims for precision treatment of residual disease. Schematic of the synthesis of a photoactive silica surface. It is composed of fluorinated silica connected to a photo-releasable sensitizer with short-chain PEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
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26
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Jinadasa RGW, Zhou Z, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Syntheses and cellular investigations of di-aspartate and aspartate-lysine chlorin e(6) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1049-64. [PMID: 26633562 PMCID: PMC4701634 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 is a tricarboxylic acid degradation product of chlorophyll a. Four chlorin e6 bis(amino acid) conjugates were regioselectively synthesized bearing two aspartate conjugates in the 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-positions, or at the 13(1),15(2)via an ethylene diamine linker. One additional conjugate bearing two different amino acids, lysine at 13(1)via an ethylene diamine linker and an aspartate at 15(2)via a β-alanine linker was also synthesized. The cytotoxicity and uptake of four di(amino acid) chlorin e6 conjugates were investigated in human HEp2 cells, and compared with chlorin e6. The most cytotoxic and most taken up conjugates were the zwitterionic 13(1),15(2)-disubstituted conjugates 28 and 33; these also localized in multiple organelles. In contrast, the anionic 13(1),17(3)- and 15(2),17(3)-di-aspartyl chlorin e6 conjugates 12 and 13 showed low dark cytoxicity and lower phototoxicity compared with chlorin e6.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Waruna Jinadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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27
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Fontenot KR, Ongarora BG, LeBlanc LE, Zhou Z, Jois SD, Vicente MGH. Targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor with mesoporphyrin IX-peptide conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016; 20:352-366. [PMID: 27738394 PMCID: PMC5058426 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro evaluation of four mesoporphyrin IX-peptide conjugates designed to target EGFR, over-expressed in colorectal and other cancers, are reported. Two peptides with known affinity for EGFR, LARLLT (1) and GYHWYGYTPQNVI (2), were conjugated to mesoporphyrin IX (MPIX, 3) via one or both the propionic side chains, directly (4, 5) or with a triethylene glycol spacer (7, 8). The conjugates were characterized using NMR, MS, CD, SPR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Energy minimization and molecular dynamics suggest different conformations for the conjugates. SPR studies show that conjugate 4, bearing two LARLLT with no PEG spacers, has the greatest affinity for binding to EGFR, followed by conjugate 7 with two PEG and two LARLLT sequences. Molecular modeling and docking studies suggest that both conjugates 4 and 7 can bind to monomer and dimer EGFR in open and closed conformations. The cytotoxicity and cellular targeting ability of the conjugates were investigated in human HEp2 cells over-expressing EGFR. All conjugates showed low dark- and photo-toxicities. The cellular uptake was highest for conjugates 4 and 8 and lowest for 7 bearing two LARLLT linked via PEG groups, likely due to decreased hydrophobicity. Among the conjugates investigated 4 is the most efficient EGFR-targeting agent, and therefore the most promising for the detection of cancers that over-express EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal R. Fontenot
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Benson G. Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Logan E. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Seetharama D. Jois
- University of Louisiana at Monroe, School of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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28
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Lee EJ, Kong HJ, Kim YJ, Park JS, Choi MS. Enhanced in vitro photocytotoxicity of water-soluble dendritic pheophorbide-a. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers can produce highly reactive singlet oxygen with exposure to visible light and are used in photodynamic therapy to treat a variety of tumors. We report on the synthesis of triethylene glycol dendron-conjugated pheophorbide-a5, a novel photosensitizer. The characteristic absorption bands (Soret and Q-bands, λmax = 405 and 670 nm, respectively) of 5 were appeared clearly in aqueous solution, due to the improved water-solubility of the dendron moiety. The value of singlet oxygen quantum yield of 5 (ΦΔ = 0.22) was higher than free pheophorbide-a (ΦΔ = 0.17) as reference in aqueous solution. Compound 5 also exhibited an enhanced in vitro phototoxicity than pheophorbide-a (PhA) in the concentration range of 1.0–5.0 μg/mL: cell viability in cells treated with 5 was reduced by ~20%, indicating a cell death rate of ~80%, while PhA treatment resulted in a cell death rate of only about 10%. These results indicate that 5 will likely be more efficient in PDT applications. Compared with free PhA, compound 5 showed highly enhanced singlet oxygen generation ability and in vitro photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Kong
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Korea
| | - Jong S. Park
- Department of Organic Material and Polymer Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Myung-Seok Choi
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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29
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Ghosh G, Minnis M, Ghogare AA, Abramova I, Cengel KA, Busch TM, Greer A. Photoactive fluoropolymer surfaces that release sensitizer drug molecules. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4155-64. [PMID: 25686407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a physical-organic study of two fluoropolymers bearing a photoreleasable PEGylated photosensitizer that generates (1)O2((1)Δg) [chlorin e6 methoxy tri(ethylene glycol) triester]. The surfaces are Teflon/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite and fluorinated silica. The relative efficiency of these surfaces to photorelease the PEGylated sensitizer [shown previously to be phototoxic to ovarian cancer cells (Kimani, S. et al. J. Org. Chem 2012, 77, 10638)] was slightly higher for the nanocomposite. In the presence of red light and O2, (1)O2 is formed, which cleaves an ethene linkage to liberate the sensitizer in 68-92% yield. The fluoropolymers were designed to deal with multiple problems. Namely, their success relied not only on high O2 solubility and drug repellency but also on the C-F bonds, which physically quench little (1)O2, for singlet oxygen's productive use away from the surface. The results obtained here indicate that Teflon-like surfaces have potential uses in delivering sensitizer and singlet oxygen for applications in tissue repair and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, Brooklyn College, City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
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30
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Menezes JCJMDS, Faustino MAF, de Oliveira KT, Uliana MP, Ferreira VF, Hackbarth S, Röder B, Teixeira Tasso T, Furuyama T, Kobayashi N, Silva AMS, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthesis of New Chlorin e6Trimethyl and Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Ester Derivatives and Their Photophysical and Electrochemical Characterizations. Chemistry 2014; 20:13644-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Amparo F. Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro (Portugal), Fax: (+351)234‐401‐470
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565‐905 São Carlos ‐ SP (Brazil)
| | - Marciana P. Uliana
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565‐905 São Carlos ‐ SP (Brazil)
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020‐141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
| | - Steffen Hackbarth
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Beate Röder
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Thiago Teixeira Tasso
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578 (Japan)
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578 (Japan)
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578 (Japan)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro (Portugal), Fax: (+351)234‐401‐470
| | - M. Graça P. M. S. Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro (Portugal), Fax: (+351)234‐401‐470
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810‐193 Aveiro (Portugal), Fax: (+351)234‐401‐470
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31
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Li D, Li P, Lin H, Jiang Z, Guo L, Li B. A novel chlorin–PEG–folate conjugate with higher water solubility, lower cytotoxicity, better tumor targeting and photodynamic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Bartusik D, Aebisher D, Ghogare A, Ghosh G, Abramova I, Hasan T, Greer A. A fiberoptic (photodynamic therapy type) device with a photosensitizer and singlet oxygen delivery probe tip for ovarian cancer cell killing. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:936-41. [PMID: 23495787 DOI: 10.1111/php.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A portable "fiber optic-based sensitizer delivery" (FOSD) device has been developed and studied. Before there might be success in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and antibacterial ambitions, an understanding of basic factors on device performance was needed. Thus, the device was examined for the localized delivery of sensitizer molecules in ovarian cancer cells and production of high concentrations of singlet oxygen for their eradication in vitro. The device tip releases stored pheophorbide by attack of singlet oxygen from sensitized oxygen gas delivered through the hollow fiber using 669 nm laser light. The performance of the device was enhanced when configured with a fluorosilane tip by virtue of its Teflon-like property compared with a conventional glass tip (greater sensitizer quantities were photoreleased and laterally diffused, and greater amounts of ovarian OVCAR-5 cancer cells were killed). No cell damage was observed at 2.2 N of force applied by the probe tip itself, an amount used for many of the experiments described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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