1
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Lv J, Liu H, Lu L, Hua R. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Syntheses of Benzo[ b]fluorenes by the Cascade Reactions of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehyde N-Tosylhydrazones and Aromatic Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16011-16018. [PMID: 36378641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[b]fluorenes were synthesized via CuI-catalyzed cascade reactions of 2-alkynylbenzaldehyde N-tosylhydrazones and aromatic terminal alkynes in the presence of base including the formation of the benzoenyne-allene intermediate in situ and its Schmittel cyclization. Density functional theory calculation was performed to give the energy difference for the formation of 5-phenyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene and 1,2-diphenyl-1H-cyclobuta[a]indene from the proposed diradical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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2
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Le A, Gupta S, Xu M, Xia Y, Lee D. Development of an Allenyne-Alkyne [4+2] Cycloaddition and its Application to Total Synthesis of Selaginpulvilin A. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202015. [PMID: 35771213 PMCID: PMC9805236 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new [4+2] cycloaddition of allenyne-alkyne is developed. The reaction is believed to proceed with forming an α,3-dehydrotoluene intermediate. This species behaves as a σπ-diradical to react with a hydrogen atom donor, whereas it displays a zwitterionic reactivity toward weak nucleophiles. The efficiency of trapping α,3-dehydrotoluene depends not only on its substituents but also the trapping agents. Notable features of the reaction are the activating role of the extra alkyne of the 1,3-diyne that reacts with the allenyne moiety and the opposite mode of trapping with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles. Oxygen nucleophiles result in the oxygen-end incorporation at the benzylic position of the α,3-dehydrotoluene, whereas with amine nucleophiles the nitrogen-end is incorporated into the aromatic core. Relying on the allenyne-alkyne cycloaddition as an enabling strategy, a concise total synthesis of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory selaginpulvilin A is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Le
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Saswata Gupta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Man Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University325035WenzhouZhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University325035WenzhouZhejiang ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Chicago845 West Taylor Street60607ChicagoIllinoisUSA
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3
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Chen X, Lu Y, Guan Z, Gu L, Chen C, Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang Y. Synthesis of Succinimides via Intramolecular Alder-Ene Reaction of 1,6-Enynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:3173-3178. [PMID: 33797270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and convenient method has been developed for the facile synthesis of functionalized succinimide derivatives via intramolecular Alder-ene reaction of 1,6-enynes. This reaction features mild and metal-free reaction conditions, which offers a green and efficient entry to synthetically important succinimide scaffolds. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a diradical intermediate might be involved in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuling Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenhua Guan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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4
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Yan B, Fu Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Synthesis of Divergent Benzo[b]fluorenones through Cycloaromatization Reactions of 1,5-Enynols and 1,5-Diynols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4246-4262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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5
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Zhang H, Cao T, Luo H, Chen L, Zhu S. Enynone-enabled migratory insertion and Schmittel cyclization cascade for the synthesis of furan-fused fluorenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of furan-/benzo-fused fluorenes through copper(i)-catalyzed coupling of conjugated enynones or α-diazocarbonyl compounds with dialkynylbenzenes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hejiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lianfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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6
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Bakthadoss M, Mushaf M. A distal vinyl shift (DVS) through quadruple domino reaction: synthesis of N-vinyl benzoheterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12152-12156. [PMID: 35539421 PMCID: PMC9079281 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented Distal Vinyl Shift (DVS) through quadruple domino reaction has been disclosed via the synthesis of N-vinyl benzoheterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mushaf
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Pondicherry
- India
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7
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Arif T, Borie C, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Bertrand MP, Siri D, Nechab M. Organocopper triggered cyclization of conjugated dienynes via tandem SN2′/Alder-ene reaction. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Propargylic carbonates were converted to indenes through a SN2′/Alder-ene cascade triggered by organocopper reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marion Jean
- Aix-Marseille Univ
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- iSm2
- Marseille
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8
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Sun N, Xie X, Wang G, Chen H, Liu Y. Base-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,6-Diynyl Carboxylates Involving Propargyl-Allenyl Isomerization: Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[b]fluorene and Its Analogues. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Gaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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9
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Hu G, Shan C, Chen W, Xu P, Gao Y, Zhao Y. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Coupling of Unprotected Propargylic Alcohols with P(O)H Compounds: Access to Allenylphosphoryl Compounds under Ligand- and Base-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2016; 18:6066-6069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaobo Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Changkai Shan
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third
Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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10
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Rana A, Cinar ME, Samanta D, Schmittel M. Solving the puzzling competition of the thermal C(2)-C(6) vs Myers-Saito cyclization of enyne-carbodiimides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:43-9. [PMID: 26877807 PMCID: PMC4734315 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the thermal cyclization of enyne-carbodiimides 7a–c has been studied computationally by applying the DFT method. The results indicate that enyne-carbodiimides preferentially follow the C2–C6 (Schmittel) cyclization pathway in a concerted fashion although the Myers–Saito diradical formation is kinetically preferred. The experimentally verified preference of the C2–C6 over the Myers–Saito pathway is guided by the inability of the Myers–Saito diradical to kinetically compete in the rate-determining trapping reactions, either inter- or intramolecular, with the concerted C2–C6 cyclization. As demonstrated with enyne-carbodiimide 11, the Myers–Saito channel can be made the preferred pathway if the trapping reaction by hydrogen transfer is no more rate determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Emin Cinar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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11
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You X, Xie X, Chen H, Li Y, Liu Y. Cyano-Schmittel Cyclization through Base-Induced Propargyl-Allenyl Isomerization: Highly Modular Synthesis of Pyridine-Fused Aromatic Derivatives. Chemistry 2015; 21:18699-705. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Samanta D, Rana A, Schmittel M. Nonstatistical dynamics in the thermal C2-C6/diels-alder cyclization of enyne-allenes: effect of topology. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2174-81. [PMID: 25647469 DOI: 10.1021/jo502693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal C(2)-C(6) (Schmittel) cyclization of an enyne-allene with two aryl rings at the allene terminus experimentally leads to three formal Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition products, two of which (involving the dimethylamino phenyl unit) are shown to form in a nonstatistical process. DFT computations on the reaction paths reveal that the two aryl rings (Ph vs PhNMe2) do not interact in a dynamic manner as their minimum energy pathways (MEPs) are separated by a large barrier. The preferential formation of the more-hindered DA product 8 (ortho to the dimethylamino group) over the less-hindered product 9 (para to the dimethylamino group), despite the higher energy TS for 8, suggests the occurrence of nonstatistical dynamics in the cyclization onto the dimethylamino phenyl unit, though. Potential energy surface (PES) computations indicate that the large amount of nonstatistical dynamics (97%) arises from facile IRC dynamics (left picture) that is compared with the non-IRC dynamics of a related system (∼76%, right picture, J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 2368).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein Strasse, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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13
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Samanta D, Rana A, Schmittel M. Nonstatistical dynamics in the thermal Garratt-Braverman/[1,5]-H shift of one ene-diallene: an experimental and computational study. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8435-9. [PMID: 25189090 DOI: 10.1021/jo501324w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the thermal Garratt-Braverman/[1,5]-H shift of ene-diallene 6 leading to alkenes (E)-8 and (Z)-8 is reported. The product ratio was found to be temperature-independent and does not agree with the computed energy barriers (i.e., TS2E(⧧) and TS2Z(⧧)). On the basis of experimental and DFT computational results, we propose a mechanism that is strongly controlled by nonstatistical dynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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14
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Cinar ME, Vavilala C, Jaquet R, Bats JW, Schmittel M. Fluoro-Ene Reaction Versus [2+2] Cycloaddition in the Thermal C2-C6Cyclization of Enyne-Allenes: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Samanta D, Rana A, Schmittel M. Quantification of Nonstatistical Dynamics in an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cyclization without Trajectory Computation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2368-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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16
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Base-catalyzed Schmittel cycloisomerization of o-phenylenediyne-linked bis(arenol)s to indeno[1,2-c]chromenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Kraka E, Cremer D. Enediynes, enyne-allenes, their reactions, and beyond. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry; Southern Methodist University; Dallas TX USA
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry; Southern Methodist University; Dallas TX USA
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