1
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Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydrophenanthridines via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of Two Aryl C−H Bonds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062498. [PMID: 36985470 PMCID: PMC10055664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
5,6-Dihydrophenanthridines are common aza heterocycle frameworks of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we reported the first palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C−H/C−H dehydrogenative coupling reaction of two simple arenes to generate 5,6-dihydrophenanthridines. The approach features a broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups, offering an efficient alternative synthesis route for important 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine compounds.
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2
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Huang W, Chen Z, Li‐Xia L, Zhou Y, Bo W, Jiang G. A Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐
j
]phenanthridines
via
the Cascade Reaction of Indoleanilines and Aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Liu Li‐Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Wu Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Guo‐Fang Jiang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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3
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Jamuna K, Thimmarayaperumal S, Aravind MK, Sivakumar S, Ashokkumar B. Synthesis of indenophenanthridine via a [4+2] annulation strategy: a “turn-off’’ Fe 3+ ion sensor, practical application in live cell imaging and reversible acidochromism studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00579d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a novel fluorescent probe, 1,2-disubstituted-indeno[1,2,3-gh]phenanthridine, derived from a series of α-oxo-ketene dithioacetals (OKDTAs) and indenoquinoline under essential conditions via a [4+2] annulation in excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Jamuna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Sivakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India
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4
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Bhuyan M, Sharma S, Baishya G. Metal-free three-component cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1462-1474. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A K2S2O8-mediated C3 cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via a three-component radical cascade reaction with vinylarenes and azobis(alkylcarbonitrile)s has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayurakhi Bhuyan
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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5
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Zhu WQ, Zhang J, Fan P, Shi LT, Li H, Yang MG, Li Y. Photocyclization synthesis of phenanthridine and its derivatives under direct dehydrogenation conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Malviya BK, Singh K, Jaiswal PK, Karnatak M, Verma VP, Badsara SS, Sharma S. Catalyst-free synthesis of phenanthridines via electrochemical coupling of 2-isocyanobiphenyls and amines. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00250c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One pot metal-free synthesis of phenanthridines and amides under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University
- Udaipur
- India
| | - Pradeep K. Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Texas A&M University
- College station
- USA
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7
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Nagode SB, Kant R, Rastogi N. Hantzsch Ester-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthridines under Visible-Light Irradiation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3513-3518. [PMID: 32935472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient photocatalytic synthesis of phenanthridines mediated by an organo-photoredox initiator Hantzsch ester has been developed via denitrogenative intramolecular annulation of benzotriazolyl chalcones. The highly reducing photoactivated Hantzsch ester facilitates the transformation of benzotriazolyl chalcones into phenanthridinyl chalcones through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. The mild reaction conditions utilizing inexpensive Hantzsch ester as photosensitizer, wide reaction scope and excellent functional group tolerance are notable attributes of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita B Nagode
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, JankipuramExtension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, JankipuramExtension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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8
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Gao Y, Jing Y, Li L, Zhang J, Chen X, Ma YN. Synthesis of Phenanthridines through Iodine-Supported Intramolecular C–H Amination and Oxidation under Visible Light. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12187-12198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yi Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lixin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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9
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10
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Masdeu C, Fuertes M, Martin-Encinas E, Selas A, Rubiales G, Palacios F, Alonso C. Fused 1,5-Naphthyridines: Synthetic Tools and Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153508. [PMID: 32752070 PMCID: PMC7436086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, including fused 1,5-naphthyridines, have versatile applications in the fields of synthetic organic chemistry and play an important role in the field of medicinal chemistry, as many of them have a wide range of biological activities. In this review, a wide range of synthetic protocols for the construction of this scaffold are presented. For example, Friedländer, Skraup, Semmlere-Wolff, and hetero-Diels-Alder, among others, are well known classical synthetic protocols used for the construction of the main 1,5-naphthyridine scaffold. These syntheses are classified according to the nature of the cycle fused to the 1,5-naphthyridine ring: carbocycles, nitrogen heterocycles, oxygen heterocycles, and sulphur heterocycles. In addition, taking into account the aforementioned versatility of these heterocycles, their reactivity is presented as well as their use as a ligand for metal complexes formation. Finally, those fused 1,5-naphthyridines that present biological activity and optical applications, among others, are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Palacios
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-945-01-3103 (F.P.); +34-945-01-3087 (C.A.)
| | - Concepcion Alonso
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-945-01-3103 (F.P.); +34-945-01-3087 (C.A.)
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11
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Fan J, Li L, Zhang J, Xie M. Expeditious synthesis of phenanthridines through a Pd/MnO2-mediated C–H arylation/oxidative annulation cascade from aldehydes, aryl iodides and amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2775-2778. [PMID: 32022095 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00300j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The expeditious access to phenanthridines through a Pd/MnO2-mediated arylation/oxidative annulation cascade from aldehydes, aryl iodides and amino acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu 241002
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12
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Chen J, Tang B, Liu X, Lv G, Shi Y, Huang T, Xing H, Guo X, Hai L, Wu Y. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation reaction: a facile and efficient approach to construct 6-ethenyl phenanthridines utilizing a primary amine as a directing group. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation reaction between 2-arylanilines and cyclopropenones employing a free amine as a directing group has been developed.
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13
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Gulbrandsen HS, Serigstad H, Lovell Read M, Joos I, Gundersen LL. Formation of 8-Hydroxyphenanthridines by Microwave-Mediated IMDAF Reactions; Synthesis Directed towards Lycorine Alkaloids. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Halvard Serigstad
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Matthew Lovell Read
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Ilah Joos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Lise-Lotte Gundersen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
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14
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Manna S, Prabhu KR. Visible-Light-Mediated Direct Decarboxylative Acylation of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes Using α-Ketoacids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5067-5077. [PMID: 30933509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds has been developed using visible light. α-Ketoacids have been used as an efficient source of acyl radicals under photoredox conditions. The in situ generated acyl radicals from α-ketoacids have been coupled to a wide variety of electron-deficient heteroaromatic compounds in a Minisci type reaction. This method would be attractive to access biologically attractive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Manna
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , Karnataka , India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , Karnataka , India
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15
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A Garratt-Braverman cyclization route towards the synthesis of phenanthridine derivatives and their DNA-binding studies. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Gupta T, Singh JB, Singh R, Singh RM. Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of MBH Acetates and Terminal Alkynes: Cascade Synthesis of Phenanthridine and 6-Arylethynylphenanthridine. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
- Department of Chemistry; Rajendra College; Jai Prakash University; -841301 Chapra Bihar India
| | - Jay Bahadur Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Radhey M. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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17
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Gupta T, Singh JB, Mishra K, Maiti B, Singh RM. Facile Metal-Free Synthesis of Phenanthridines by SN
2′ Reaction/C-H Functionalization/Aromatization through the Reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates with Nitroalkanes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Jay Bahadur Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Kalpana Mishra
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Radhey M. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Centre of Advanced Study; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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18
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Yang Y, Shi Z. Regioselective direct arylation of indoles on the benzenoid moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1676-1685. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08752g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed selective C–H functionalization of indoles have garnered tremendous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
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19
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Rafiee F. Synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physic-chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak Tehran Iran
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20
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Gulbrandsen HS, Alfaro JLD, Read ML, Gundersen L. Synthesis of Electron‐Deficient Tetrahydro‐ and Dihydroimidazo[1,2‐
f
]phenanthridines by Microwave‐Mediated IMDAF Reactions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Lovell Read
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Lise‐Lotte Gundersen
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
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21
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Song W, Yan P, Shen D, Chen Z, Zeng X, Zhong G. Synthesis of Cyano-Containing Phenanthridine Derivatives via Catalyst-, Base-, and Oxidant-Free Direct Cyanoalkylarylation of Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4444-4448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Song
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhangtao Chen
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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22
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Han W, Zhou X, Yang S, Xiang G, Cui B, Chen Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution/C–H Activation/Aromatization Cascade Reaction: One Approach To Construct 6-Unsubstituted Phenanthridines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11580-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
| | - Baodong Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, P. R. China
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23
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Wang S, Jia WL, Wang L, Liu Q. Preparation of 6-Difluoromethylphosphonated Phenanthridines by Visible-Light-Driven Radical Cyclization of 2-Isocyanobiphenyls. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Tummatorn J, Krajangsri S, Norseeda K, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S. A new synthetic approach to 6-unsubstituted phenanthridine and phenanthridine-like compounds under mild and metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5077-81. [PMID: 24914621 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new and mild synthetic approach for the synthesis of 6-unsubstituted phenanthridine and phenanthridine-like compounds under metal-free conditions at room temperature has been developed. The strategy involved a tandem azide rearrangement/intramolecular annulation and oxidation reactions of biarylmethyl azide precursors to obtain the desired products in up to 99% yields with high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumreang Tummatorn
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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25
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Al-Zoubi RM, Al-Jammal WK, El-Khateeb MY, McDonald R. Synthesis of Diiodinated Biphenyls and Iodinatedmeta-Terphenyls by Regioselective Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of 5-Substituted 1,2,3-Triiodobenzenes. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Tang C, Yuan Y, Jiao N. Metal-Free Nitrogenation of 2-Acetylbiphenyls: Expeditious Synthesis of Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2015; 17:2206-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Fang H, Zhao J, Ni S, Mei H, Han J, Pan Y. Metal-Free Oxidative Functionalization of a C(sp3)–H Bond Adjacent to Nitrogen and Intramolecular Aromatic Cyclization for the Preparation of 6-Amidophenanthridines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincan Zhao
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Mei
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering and ‡State Key laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Bhattacharya P, Senapati K, Chattopadhyay K, Mandal SM, Basak A. Synthesis of benzochromenes and dihydrophenanthridines with helical motifs using Garratt–Braverman and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray structures of dihydrophenanthiridine (a) and benzochromene (b) showing greater helicity in (a).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalyan Senapati
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | | | - Santi M. Mandal
- Central Research Facility
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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29
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Tumir LM, Radić Stojković M, Piantanida I. Come-back of phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives in the 21st century. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2930-54. [PMID: 25550761 PMCID: PMC4273281 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthridine derivatives are one of the most intensively studied families of biologically active compounds with efficient DNA binding capability. Attracting attention since DNA structure discovery (1960s), they were early recognized as a symbol of DNA intercalative binding, for many decades applied as gold-standard DNA- and RNA-fluorescent markers (ethidium bromide), probes for cell viability (propidium iodide), but also “ill-famed” for various toxic (genotoxic) and mutagenic effects. After two decades of low interest, the discovery of phenanthridine alkaloids and new studies of antiparasitic/antitumor properties of phenanthridine derivatives resulted in the strong increase of the scientific interest about the turn of this century. Here are summarized phenanthridine-related advances in the 21st century (2000-present period) with emphasis on the supramolecular interactions and bioorganic chemistry, as well as novel or improved synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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30
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Hofstra JL, Grassbaugh BR, Tran QM, Armada NR, de Lijser HJP. Catalytic Oxidative Cyclization of 2'-Arylbenzaldehyde Oxime Ethers under Photoinduced Electron Transfer Conditions. J Org Chem 2014; 80:256-65. [PMID: 25437898 DOI: 10.1021/jo502324z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2'-arylbenzaldehyde oxime ethers were synthesized and shown to generate the corresponding phenanthridines upon irradiation in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in acetonitrile. Mechanistic studies suggest that the oxidative cyclization reaction sequence is initiated by an electron transfer step followed by nucleophilic attack of the aryl ring onto the nitrogen of the oxime ether. A concave downward Hammett plot is presumably the result of a change in charge distribution in the radical cation species with strongly electron-donating substituents that yields a less electrophilic nitrogen atom and a decreased amount of cyclized product. The reaction is selective (no nitrile byproduct is formed unlike other photochemical reactions involving aldoxime ethers) as well as regiospecific when using 2'-aryl groups with meta-substituents, making this reaction a useful alternative for preparing substituted phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Hofstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Brittany R Grassbaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Quan M Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Nicholas R Armada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - H J Peter de Lijser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
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31
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Gulbrandsen HS, Hennum M, Osheka M, Read ML, Gundersen LL. Synthesis of Phenanthridine Derivatives Functionalized in the C-Ring by Means of IMDAF Reactions under Microwave or Conventional Heating Conditions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Laha JK, Dayal N, Jain R, Patel K. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiocontrolled Domino Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl Dihydrophenanthridines and Dihydrodibenzo[c,e]azepines: Control over the Formation of Biaryl Sultams in the Intramolecular Direct Arylation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10899-907. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501910q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Roli Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ketul Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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33
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Rh(III)-catalyzed synthesis of (dihydro)quinolines via the annulation of N-sulfonyl 2-aminobenzaldehydes with olefins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Fang H, Zhao J, Qian P, Han J, Pan Y. Metal-Free Preparation of 6-Alkylthiophenanthridines via Oxidative CS and CC Bond Formation from 2-Isocyanobiphenyls and Disulfides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Tu HY, Liu YR, Chu JJ, Hu BL, Zhang XG. FeCl3-Promoted Carboxamidation and Cyclization of Aryl Isonitriles with Formamides toward Phenanthridine-6-carboxamides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9907-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502022c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yong Tu
- College
of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College
of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chu
- College
of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bo-Lun Hu
- College
of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xing-Guo Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and
Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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36
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Li J, Wang H, Sun J, Yang Y, Liu L. Synthesis of phenanthridine derivatives via cascade annulation of diaryliodonium salts and nitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7904-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Simple Method for the Synthesis of Aryl(Furfuryl)Glyoxals. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Wang C, Kong L, Li Y, Li Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Allenylation/Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of Furans with Propargyl Carboxylates for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Uchuskin MG, Molodtsova NV, Lysenko SA, Strel'nikov VN, Trushkov IV, Butin AV. Synthesis of Indoles by Domino Reaction of 2-(Tosylamino)benzyl Alcohols with Furfurylamines: Two Opposite Reactivity Modes of the α-Carbon of the Furan Ring in One Process. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Alawode OE, Naganaboina VK, Liyanage T, Desper J, Rayat S. One-Pot Cascade Approach to Phenanthridine-Fused Quinazoliniminiums from Heteroenyne-Allenes. Org Lett 2014; 16:1494-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500314x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olajide E. Alawode
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Vijaya Kumar Naganaboina
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Thakshila Liyanage
- Department
of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Muncie, Indiana 47304-0445, United States
| | - John Desper
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Sundeep Rayat
- Department
of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Muncie, Indiana 47304-0445, United States
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41
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Cheng Y, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Yu S. Isocyanide Insertion: De Novo Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Phenanthridine Derivatives. Org Lett 2013; 15:5520-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4026827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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42
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Wang Q, Dong X, Xiao T, Zhou L. PhI(OAc)2-Mediated Synthesis of 6-(Trifluoromethyl)phenanthridines by Oxidative Cyclization of 2-Isocyanobiphenyls with CF3SiMe3 under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2013; 15:4846-9. [PMID: 24001113 DOI: 10.1021/ol4022589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qile Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xichang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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43
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De S, Mishra S, Kakde BN, Dey D, Bisai A. Expeditious Approach to Pyrrolophenanthridones, Phenanthridines, and Benzo[c]phenanthridines via Organocatalytic Direct Biaryl-Coupling Promoted by Potassium tert-Butoxide. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7823-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Sourabh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Badrinath N. Kakde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
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44
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Wang WY, Feng X, Hu BL, Deng CL, Zhang XG. Synthesis of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthridines via palladium-catalyzed tandem Suzuki/C-H arylation reactions. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6025-30. [PMID: 23710680 DOI: 10.1021/jo4007255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed tandem Suzuki/C-H arylation reaction of N-aryltrifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides with arylboronic acids has been developed. A variety of 6-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthridines were prepared in moderate to excellent yields from N-(2-bromophenyl)trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides which can be conveniently prepared from 2-bromoaniline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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