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Saltan GM, Yeşil T, Ötken AA, Zafer C, Dinçalp H. Perylene Diimide-Based Dimeric Electron Acceptors with Molecular Conformations for Perovskite Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400131. [PMID: 38527253 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports five novel PDI dimer type electron transport materials (ETMs) employing o-indoloquinoxaline (o-Iq), m-indoloquinoxaline (m-Iq), and cibalackrot (Ci) groups as the core building blocks and presents the twisted structures of PDI dimers coded as PDI-NHR-o-Iq, PDI-o-Iq, PDI-NHR-m-Iq, PDI-m-Iq and PDI-NHR-Ci dyes (see Scheme 1 and 2). We have systematically compared their photophysical, electrochemical, and optoelectronic properties with respect to the reference dye (2PDI-NHR), which is directly connected of two PDI planes. Their calculated HOMO-LUMO energy levels are sufficient for charge transfer to the perovskite material so that structure-photovoltaic performance relationship of synthesized ETM dyes can be evaluated. When the binding position of indoloquinoxaline group between PDI rings are changed from o- to m- positions, most of the photophysical and electrochemical properties of PDI dimer are dramatically changed, finally improving the photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Murat Saltan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunus Emre, 45140, Manisa, Turkey Tel
| | - Tamer Yeşil
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysun Albayrak Ötken
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunus Emre, 45140, Manisa, Turkey Tel
| | - Ceylan Zafer
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Dinçalp
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunus Emre, 45140, Manisa, Turkey Tel
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Zhang J, Liu J, Yin G, Hou W, Zhang H. Photoinduced nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,7-dibromo-perylene diimide to form 1-bromo-7-hydroxyl perylene diimide. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Riives AJ, Huang Z, Anderson NT, Dinolfo PH. 1,7-, 1,6-, and 1,6,7- Derivatives of Dodecylthio Perylene Diimides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Comparison of Electrochemical and Optical Properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pearce N, Reynolds KEA, Kayal S, Sun XZ, Davies ES, Malagreca F, Schürmann CJ, Ito S, Yamano A, Argent SP, George MW, Champness NR. Selective photoinduced charge separation in perylenediimide-pillar[5]arene rotaxanes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:415. [PMID: 35058440 PMCID: PMC8776946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control photoinduced charge transfer within molecules represents a major challenge requiring precise control of the relative positioning and orientation of donor and acceptor groups. Here we show that such photoinduced charge transfer processes within homo- and hetero-rotaxanes can be controlled through organisation of the components of the mechanically interlocked molecules, introducing alternative pathways for electron donation. Specifically, studies of two rotaxanes are described: a homo[3]rotaxane, built from a perylenediimide diimidazolium rod that threads two pillar[5]arene macrocycles, and a hetero[4]rotaxane in which an additional bis(1,5-naphtho)-38-crown-10 (BN38C10) macrocycle encircles the central perylenediimide. The two rotaxanes are characterised by a combination of techniques including electron diffraction crystallography in the case of the hetero[4]rotaxane. Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and EPR spectroscopy are employed to establish the behaviour of the redox states of both rotaxanes and these data are used to inform photophysical studies using time-resolved infra-red (TRIR) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies. The latter studies illustrate the formation of a symmetry-breaking charge-separated state in the case of the homo[3]rotaxane in which charge transfer between the pillar[5]arene and perylenediimide is observed involving only one of the two macrocyclic components. In the case of the hetero[4]rotaxane charge separation is observed involving only the BN38C10 macrocycle and the perylenediimide leaving the pillar[5]arene components unperturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Surajit Kayal
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xue Z Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ferdinando Malagreca
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Sho Ito
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamano
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12, Matsubara, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Yang L, Langer P, Davies ES, Baldoni M, Wickham K, Besley NA, Besley E, Champness NR. Synthesis and characterisation of rylene diimide dimers using molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3723-3732. [PMID: 31015916 PMCID: PMC6457202 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked handcuffs provide a strategy to study rylene diimide dimers and to investigate their electronic and magnetic properties.
A strategy for positioning, and loosely connecting, molecules in close proximity using mechanically interlocked handcuffs is described. The strategy is demonstrated using rylene diimides, creating dimeric structures in which two components are linked through pillar[5]arene/imidazolium rotaxanes. Investigation of the resulting molecules demonstrates intriguing and new properties that arise from placing these redox active dye molecules together, allowing interactions, whilst allowing the molecules to separate as required. In particular we observe excimer emission from a perylene diimide dimer handcuff and the formation of an unusual radical anion π-dimer upon double reduction of the same molecule. The latter exhibits a unique visible absorption profile for a PDI-based molecule. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach by making an unprecedented mixed perylene diimide/naphthalene diimide dimer which also reveals interactions between the two components. Our synthetic strategy facilitates the creation of unusual dimeric structures and allows the investigation of intermolecular interactions and the effects they have on electronic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixu Yang
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Philipp Langer
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Matteo Baldoni
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Katherine Wickham
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Nicholas A Besley
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK .
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Pearce N, Davies ES, Lewis W, Champness NR. Thionated Perylene Diimide-Phenothiazine Dyad: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14236-14244. [PMID: 31458114 PMCID: PMC6644668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perylene diimides (PDIs) are promising candidates for n-type semiconductor materials and, thus, for use in organic electronics. Thionation of the imide moiety provides an efficient strategy to control the donor-acceptor gap of these types of compounds, although the degree and selectivity of thionation can be hard to achieve. Through the design of a sterically encumbered PDI-phenothiazine dyad, a previously unattained geminal thionation pattern has been realized, providing the first example of a perylene-monoimide-monothioimide. The electrochemical and solid-state structural properties of this uniquely thionated dyad are reported and compared to those of the nonthionated parent molecule. It is found that thionation enhances the electron affinity of the PDI core, affecting electrochemical and spectroelectochemcial behavior of the dyad without significantly affecting the solid-state packing of the molecules.
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Dubey RK, Westerveld N, Sudhölter EJR, Grozema FC, Jager WF. Novel derivatives of 1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid: synthesis, electrochemical and optical properties. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Facile synthesis and opto-electrochemical properties of various unsymmetrically “peri”-substituted perylene derivatives, with four chloro-atoms at the bay-positions, have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Dubey
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Nick Westerveld
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Wolter F. Jager
- Laboratory of Organic Materials & Interfaces
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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Llewellyn BA, Davies ES, Pfeiffer CR, Cooper M, Lewis W, Champness NR. Thionated perylene diimides with intense absorbance in the near-IR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2099-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Combining thionation and amine substitution of perylene diimides leads to intense absorption maxima in the NIR and, upon reduction, strong absorption in the SWIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mick Cooper
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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George L, Ahmed Z, Lemmetyinen H, Efimov A. Controlled Regioselective Amination of Peryleneimides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Llewellyn BA, Slater AG, Goretzki G, Easun TL, Sun XZ, Davies ES, Argent SP, Lewis W, Beeby A, George MW, Champness NR. Photophysics and electrochemistry of a platinum-acetylide disubstituted perylenediimide. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:85-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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