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Crich D. En Route to the Transformation of Glycoscience: A Chemist's Perspective on Internal and External Crossroads in Glycochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17-34. [PMID: 33350830 PMCID: PMC7856254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate chemistry is an essential component of the glycosciences and is fundamental to their progress. This Perspective takes the position that carbohydrate chemistry, or glycochemistry, has reached three crossroads on the path to the transformation of the glycosciences, and illustrates them with examples from the author's and other laboratories. The first of these potential inflexion points concerns the mechanism of the glycosylation reaction and the role of protecting groups. It is argued that the experimental evidence supports bimolecular SN2-like mechanisms for typical glycosylation reactions over unimolecular ones involving stereoselective attack on naked glycosyl oxocarbenium ions. Similarly, it is argued that the experimental evidence does not support long-range stereodirecting participation of remote esters through bridged bicyclic dioxacarbenium ions in organic solution in the presence of typical counterions. Rational design and improvement of glycosylation reactions must take into account the roles of the counterion and of concentration. A second crossroads is that between mainstream organic chemistry and glycan synthesis. The case is made that the only real difference between glycan and organic synthesis is the formation of C-O rather than C-C bonds, with diastereocontrol, strategy, tactics, and elegance being of critical importance in both areas: mainstream organic chemists should feel comfortable taking this fork in the road, just as carbohydrate chemists should traveling in the opposite direction. A third crossroads is that between carbohydrate chemistry and medicinal chemistry, where there are equally many opportunities for traffic in either direction. The glycosciences have advanced enormously in the past decade or so, but creativity, input, and ingenuity of scientists from all fields is needed to address the many sophisticated challenges that remain, not the least of which is the development of a broader and more general array of stereospecific glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Hernández-Guerra D, Kennedy AR, León EI, Martín Á, Pérez-Martín I, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Synthetic Approaches to Phosphasugars (2-oxo-1,2-oxaphosphacyclanes) Using the Anomeric Alkoxyl Radical β-Fragmentation Reaction as the Key Step. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4861-4880. [PMID: 32174121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anomeric alkoxyl radical β-fragmentation (ARF) of carbohydrates possessing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) at C2, promoted by PhI(OAc)2/I2, gives rise to an acyclic iodide through which a pentavalent atom of phosphorus can be introduced via the Arbuzov reaction. After selective hydrolysis and subsequent cyclization, the phosphonate or phosphinate intermediates can be converted into 2-deoxy-1-phosphahexopyranose and 2-deoxy-1-phosphapentopyranose sugars. The ARF of carbohydrates with an electron-donor group (EDG) at C2 proceeds by a radical-polar crossover mechanism, and the cyclization occurs by nucleophilic attack of a conveniently positioned phosphonate or phosphinate group to the transient oxocarbenium ion. This alternative methodology leads to 5-phosphasugars with a 4-deoxy-5-phosphapentopyranose framework. The structure and conformation of the 2-oxo-1,2-oxaphosphinane and 2-oxo-1,2-oxaphospholane ring systems in different carbohydrate models have been studied by NMR and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Guerra
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Elisa I León
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángeles Martín
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez-Martín
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - María S Rodríguez
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Suárez
- Sı́ntesis de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a del CSIC, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Gołębiewska J, Stawinski J. Reaction of Boranephosphonate Diesters with Pyridines or Tertiary Amines in the Presence of Iodine: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4312-4323. [PMID: 32073846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Boranephosphonate diesters react with heteroaromatic and certain tertiary amines in the presence of an oxidant (I2) to afford the boron-modified phosphodiester analogues containing a P-B-N structural motif. Our multinuclear 31P and 11B NMR spectroscopy studies lend support for a two-step mechanism involving generation of a λ3-boranephosphonate intermediate that immediately coordinates an amine in the solvent cage, leading to B-pyridinium or B-ammonium boranephosphonate betaine derivatives. We found that the type of the solvent used (e.g., dichloromethane vs acetonitrile) significantly affected the course of the reaction, resulting in either formation of boron-modified derivatives or loss of the boron group with a subsequent oxidation of the phosphorus atom. In aprotic, electron-donating, polar solvents., e.g., acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), a λ3-boranephosphonate intermediate can also coordinate solvent molecules forming P-B-ACN or P-B-THF complexes that may influence the type of the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gołębiewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Stawinski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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Gnawali GR, Rath NP, Spilling CD. Synthesis of Phostones via the Palladium-Catalyzed Ring Opening of Epoxy Vinyl Phosphonates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8724-8730. [PMID: 31140269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of epoxy aldehydes with tetraethyl methylenediphosphonate gave γ,δ-epoxy vinyl phosphonates. The palladium-catalyzed addition of primary alcohols gave the monoprotected diols as single diastereoisomers. The trans- and cis-epoxides lead to opposite ( syn and anti) diastereoisomers of the addition products. The alkene of the vinyl phosphonates was subjected to hydrogenation, and the resulting saturated phosphonates underwent base-catalyzed cyclization to give phostones with a very high diastereoselectivity in the formation of the new chiral center at the phosphorus atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giri Raj Gnawali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri, St. Louis , One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri, St. Louis , One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri, St. Louis , One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
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Dutta AK, Captain I, Jessen HJ. New Synthetic Methods for Phosphate Labeling. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:51. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang L, Cao S, Du Z, Wu Q, Bian Z, Kang C, Gao L, Zhang J. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution in asymmetric synthesis of P-chirogenic 1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-2-oxides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent diastereoselectivity was achieved in DMAP-catalyzed P–N bonding in the synthesis of P-chirogenic organophosphines through dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Zhijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Chuanqing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lianxun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
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Malik G, Ferry A, Guinchard X. When Phosphosugars Meet Gold: Synthesis and Catalytic Activities of Phostones and Polyhydroxylated Phosphonite Au(I) Complexes. Molecules 2015; 20:21082-93. [PMID: 26633313 PMCID: PMC6332187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of P-chiral phosphonite-, phosphonate- and thiophosphonate-Au(I) complexes are reported. These novel ligands for Au(I) are based on glycomimetic phosphorus scaffolds, obtained from the chiral pool. The catalytic activities of these complexes are shown in the cyclization of allenols and the hydroamination of 2-(2-propynyl)aniline combined with an organocatalyzed reduction to the corresponding 2-phenyl tetrahydroquinoline. All described gold complexes present excellent catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Malik
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Angélique Ferry
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France.
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Ferry A, Malik G, Guinchard X, Vĕtvička V, Crich D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Di- and Trimeric Hydroxylamine-Based β-(1→3)-Glucan Mimetics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14852-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507084t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Ferry
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaëlle Malik
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xavier Guinchard
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Václav Vĕtvička
- Department
of Pathology, University of Louisville, 323 East Chestnut Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Hernández-Guerra D, Rodríguez MS, Suárez E. Fragmentation of Carbohydrate Anomeric Alkoxyl Radicals: Synthesis of Chiral Polyhydroxylated β-Iodo- and Alkenylorganophosphorus(V) Compounds. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kolodiazhnyi OI. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Р-Stereogenic Phosphorus Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 360:161-236. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ferry A, Stemper J, Marinetti A, Voituriez A, Guinchard X. Thiophostone-Derived Brønsted Acids in the Organocatalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines: Influence of the P-Stereogenicity. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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