1
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Kadota K, Mikami T, Kohata A, Morimoto J, Sando S, Aikawa K, Okazoe T. Synthesis of Short Peptides with Perfluoroalkyl Side Chains and Evaluation of Their Cellular Uptake Efficiency. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300374. [PMID: 37430341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing demand for macromolecular biotherapeutics, the issue of their poor cell-penetrating abilities requires viable and relevant solutions. Herein, we report tripeptides bearing an amino acid with a perfluoroalkyl (RF ) group adjacent to the α-carbon. RF -containing tripeptides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to transport a conjugated hydrophilic dye (Alexa Fluor 647) into the cells. RF -containing tripeptides with the fluorophore showed high cellular uptake efficiency and none of them were cytotoxic. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the absolute configuration of perfluoroalkylated amino acids (RF -AAs) affects not only nanoparticle formation but also the cell permeability of the tripeptides. These novel RF -containing tripeptides are potentially useful as short and noncationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kadota
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mikami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ai Kohata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jumpei Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Aikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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2
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Terrien A, Rahgoshay K, Renaglia E, Lensen N, Jacquot Y, Marquant R, Brigaud T, Loison C, Chaume G, Miclet E. Inviting C5-Trifluoromethylated Pseudoprolines into Collagen Mimetic Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1555-1562. [PMID: 36786736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been engineered using proline derivatives substituted at their C(3) and/or C(4) position in order to stabilize or functionalize collagen triple-helix mimics. However, no example has been reported so far with C(5) substitutions. Here, we introduce a fluorinated CMP incorporating trifluoromethyl groups at the C(5) position of pseudoproline residues. In tripeptide models, our CD, NMR, and molecular dynamics (MD) studies have shown that, when properly arranged, these residues meet the structural requirements for a triple-helix assembly. Two host-guest CMPs were synthesized and analyzed by CD spectroscopy. The NMR analysis in solution of the most stable confirmed the presence of structured homotrimers that we interpret as triple helices. MD calculations showed that the triple-helix model remained stable throughout the simulation with all six trifluoromethyl groups pointing outward from the triple helix. Pseudoprolines substituted at the C(5) positions appeared as valuable tools for the design of new fluorinated collagen mimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Terrien
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Keyvan Rahgoshay
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Emelyne Renaglia
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Yves Jacquot
- CiTCoM, CNRS UMR 8038, INSERM U1268, Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris, University Paris Cité, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Rodrigue Marquant
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Claire Loison
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.,CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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3
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Kashif Khan R, Meanwell NA, Hager HH. Pseudoprolines as stereoelectronically tunable proline isosteres. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128983. [PMID: 36096342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic structure of proline (Pro) confers unique conformational properties on this natural amino acid that influences polypeptide structure and function. Pseudoprolines are a family of Pro isosteres that incorporate a heteroatom, most prominently oxygen or sulfur but also silicon and selenium, to replace the Cβ or Cγ carbon atom of the pyrrolidine ring. These readily synthetically accessible structural motifs can facilitate facile molecular editing in a fashion that allows modulation of the amide bond topology of dipeptide elements and influence over ring pucker. While the properties of pseudoprolines have been exploited most prominently in the design of oligopeptide analogues, they have potential application in the design and optimization of small molecules. In this Digest, we summarize the physicochemical properties of pseudoprolines and illustrate their potential in drug discovery by surveying examples of applications in the design of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kashif Khan
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
| | - Harry H Hager
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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4
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Mykhailiuk PK. Fluorine-Containing Prolines: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Opportunities. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6961-7005. [PMID: 35175772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4-fluoroprolines by Gottlieb and Witkop in 1965, their popularity started to grow exponentially. For example, during the past two decades, all isomeric trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines have been synthesized. In this Perspective, chemical properties and applications of fluorinated prolines are discussed. Synthetic approaches to all known fluorine-containing prolines are also discussed and analyzed. This analysis unexpectedly revealed an unsolved problem: in strict contrast to fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines, the corresponding analogues with fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups are mostly unknown. At the end of the paper, structures of several interesting, yet unknown, fluorinated prolines are disclosed─a good opportunity for chemists to make them.
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5
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Wu YJ, Meanwell NA. Geminal Diheteroatomic Motifs: Some Applications of Acetals, Ketals, and Their Sulfur and Nitrogen Homologues in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9786-9874. [PMID: 34213340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetals and ketals and their nitrogen and sulfur homologues are often considered to be unconventional and potentially problematic scaffolding elements or pharmacophores for the design of orally bioavailable drugs. This opinion is largely a function of the perception that such motifs might be chemically unstable under the acidic conditions of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. However, even simple acetals and ketals, including acyclic molecules, can be sufficiently robust under acidic conditions to be fashioned into orally bioavailable drugs, and these structural elements are embedded in many effective therapeutic agents. The chemical stability of molecules incorporating geminal diheteroatomic motifs can be modulated by physicochemical design principles that include the judicious deployment of proximal electron-withdrawing substituents and conformational restriction. In this Perspective, we exemplify geminal diheteroatomic motifs that have been utilized in the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs or drug candidates against the backdrop of understanding their potential for chemical lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery and Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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6
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Sanchez CA, Gadais C, Chaume G, Girard S, Chelain E, Brigaud T. Enantiopure 5-CF 3-Proline: Synthesis, Incorporation in Peptides, and Tuning of the Peptide Bond Geometry. Org Lett 2021; 23:382-387. [PMID: 33369434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of enantiopure 5-(R)-and 5-(S)-trifluoromethylproline is reported. The key steps are a Ruppert-Prakash reagent addition on l-pyroglutamic esters followed by an elimination reaction and a selective reduction. The solution-phase and solid-phase incorporation of this unprotected enantiopure fluorinated amino acid in a short peptide chain was demonstrated. Compared to proline, the CF3 group provides a decrease of the trans to cis amide bond isomerization energy and an increase of the cis conformer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément A Sanchez
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvaine Girard
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Claraz A, Djian A, Masson G. Electrochemical tandem trifluoromethylation of allylamines/formal (3 + 2)-cycloaddition for the rapid access to CF3-containing imidazolines and oxazolidines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and environmentally friendly synthesis of CF3-containing imidazolines and oxazolidines has been developed through an electrochemical three-component reaction among allylamines, the Langlois reagent, and nitrile or carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
| | - Aurélie Djian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- Université Paris Saclay
- CNRS
- UPR2301
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
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8
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Malquin N, Rahgoshay K, Lensen N, Chaume G, Miclet E, Brigaud T. CF 2H as a hydrogen bond donor group for the fine tuning of peptide bond geometry with difluoromethylated pseudoprolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12487-12490. [PMID: 31566647 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CF2H-Pseudoprolines obtained from difluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal and serine are stable proline surrogates. The consequence of the incorporation of the CF2H group is an important decrease of the trans to cis amide bond isomerization energy and a remarkable stabilisation of the cis conformer by an hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malquin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology (LCB, EA 4505), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - K Rahgoshay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology (LCB, EA 4505), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - N Lensen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology (LCB, EA 4505), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - G Chaume
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology (LCB, EA 4505), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - E Miclet
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T Brigaud
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology (LCB, EA 4505), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France.
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9
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Wong MSY, Jolliffe KA. A comparison of pseudoproline substitution effects on cyclisation yield in the total syntheses of segetalins B and G. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Y. Wong
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydney New South Wales2006 Australia
| | - Katrina A. Jolliffe
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydney New South Wales2006 Australia
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10
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Bychek RM, Levterov VV, Sadkova IV, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of Functionalized Difluorocyclopropanes: Unique Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2018; 24:12291-12297. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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11
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Oliver M, Gadais C, García-Pindado J, Teixidó M, Lensen N, Chaume G, Brigaud T. Trifluoromethylated proline analogues as efficient tools to enhance the hydrophobicity and to promote passive diffusion transport of the l-prolyl-l-leucyl glycinamide (PLG) tripeptide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14597-14602. [PMID: 35540789 PMCID: PMC9079923 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of trifluoromethylated proline analogues in the tripeptide PLG enhances its hydrophobicity and promotes passive diffusion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oliver
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Júlia García-Pindado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
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12
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Chaume G, Simon J, Lensen N, Pytkowicz J, Brigaud T, Miclet E. Homochiral versus Heterochiral Trifluoromethylated Pseudoproline Containing Dipeptides: A Powerful Tool to Switch the Prolyl-Amide Bond Conformation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13602-13608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Simon J, Pytkowicz J, Lensen N, Chaume G, Brigaud T. Incorporation of Trifluoromethylated Proline and Surrogates into Peptides: Application to the Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogues of the Neuroprotective Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (GPE) Tripeptide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5381-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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14
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Synthesis of protected enantiopure (R) and (S)-α-trifluoromethylalanine containing dipeptide building blocks ready to use for solid phase peptide synthesis. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1457-68. [PMID: 26920748 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Considering the increasing importance of fluorinated peptides, the development of efficient and reliable synthetic methods for the incorporation of unnatural fluorinated amino acids into peptides is a current matter of interest. In this study, we report the convenient Boc/benzyl and Cbz/tert-butyl protection of both enantiomers of the quaternarized amino acid α-trifluoromethylalanine [(R)- and (S)-α-Tfm-Ala]. Because of the deactivation of the nitrogen atom of this synthetic amino acid by the strong electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl group, the peptide coupling on this position is a challenge. In order to provide a robust synthetic methodology for the incorporation of enantiopure (R)- and (S)-α-trifluoromethylalanines into peptides, we report herein the preparation of dipeptides ready to use for solid phase peptide synthesis. The difficult peptide coupling on the nitrogen atom of the α-trifluoromethylalanines was performed in solution phase by means of highly electrophilic amino acid chlorides or mixed anhydrides. The synthetic effectiveness of this fluorinated dipeptide building block strategy is illustrated by the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of the Ac-Ala-Phe-(R)-α-Tfm-Ala-Ala-NH2 tetrapeptide.
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15
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Deutsch A, Wagner C, Deutsch C, Hoffmann-Röder A. Convenient Access to Di- and Trifluoroethylamines for Lead Structure Research. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Paradís-Bas M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. The road to the synthesis of "difficult peptides". Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:631-54. [PMID: 26612670 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a renaissance of peptides as drugs. This progress, together with advances in the structural behavior of peptides, has attracted the interest of the pharmaceutical industry in these molecules as potential APIs. In the past, major peptide-based drugs were inspired by sequences extracted from natural structures of low molecular weight. In contrast, nowadays, the peptides being studied by academic and industrial groups comprise more sophisticated sequences. For instance, they consist of long amino acid chains and show a high tendency to form aggregates. Some researchers have claimed that preparing medium-sized proteins is now feasible with chemical ligation techniques, in contrast to medium-sized peptide syntheses. The complexity associated with the synthesis of certain peptides is exemplified by the so-called "difficult peptides", a concept introduced in the 80's. This refers to sequences that show inter- or intra-molecular β-sheet interactions significant enough to form aggregates during peptide synthesis. These structural associations are stabilized and mediated by non-covalent hydrogen bonds that arise on the backbone of the peptide and-depending on the sequence-are favored. The tendency of peptide chains to aggregate is translated into a list of common behavioral features attributed to "difficult peptides" which hinder their synthesis. In this regard, this manuscript summarizes the strategies used to overcome the inherent difficulties associated with the synthesis of known "difficult peptides". Here we evaluate several external factors, as well as methods to incorporate chemical modifications into sequences, in order to describe the strategies that are effective for the synthesis of "difficult peptides". These approaches have been classified and ordered to provide an extensive guide for achieving the synthesis of peptides with the aforementioned features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paradís-Bas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Kubyshkin V, Afonin S, Kara S, Budisa N, Mykhailiuk PK, Ulrich AS. γ-(S)-Trifluoromethyl proline: evaluation as a structural substitute of proline for solid state (19)F-NMR peptide studies. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3171-3181. [PMID: 25703116 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-(4S)-Trifluoromethyl proline was synthesised according to a modified literature protocol with improved yield on a multigram scale. Conformational properties of the amide bond formed by the amino acid were characterised using N-acetyl methyl ester model. The amide populations (s-trans vs. s-cis) and thermodynamic parameters of the isomerization were found to be similar to the corresponding values for intact proline. Therefore, the γ-trifluoromethyl proline was suggested as a structurally low-disturbing proline substitution in peptides for their structural studies by (19)F-NMR. Indeed, the exchange of native proline for γ-trifluoromethyl proline in the peptide antibiotic gramicidin S was shown to preserve the overall amphipathic peptide structure. The utility of the amino acid as a selective (19)F-NMR label was demonstrated by observing the re-alignment of the labelled gramicidin S in oriented lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sezgin Kara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, vul. Volodymyrska 62a, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine. and Enamine Ltd., vyl. Chervonotkatska 78, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
Recently, peptides have been validated to address intracellular targets and/or to be orally bioavailable. This review describes some of these scaffolds, offers insight in new cyclization methodologies thought to be beneficial to enhance permeability, and highlights modification on peptides thought to improve oral bioavailability. In this context, side chains and back-bone derivatization beneficial to encourage cellular uptake are presented. In addition, new methodologies supporting the assessment of permeability are discussed.
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19
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Amino acid chlorides: a journey from instability and racemization toward broader utility in organic synthesis including peptides and their mimetics. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Orcel U, Waser J. Palladium-catalyzed vicinal amino alcohols synthesis from allyl amines by in situ tether formation and carboetherification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5250-4. [PMID: 25720966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal amino alcohols are important structural motifs of bioactive compounds. Reported herein is an efficient method for their synthesis based on the palladium-catalyzed oxy-alkynylation, oxy-arylation, or oxy-vinylation of allylic amines. High regio- and stereoselectivity were ensured through the in situ formation of a hemiaminal tether using the cheap commercially available trifluoroacetaldehyde in its hemiacetal form. The obtained compounds are important building blocks, which can be orthogonally deprotected to give either free alcohols, amines, or terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Orcel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland) http://lcso.epfl.ch/
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Orcel U, Waser J. Palladium-Catalyzed Vicinal Amino Alcohols Synthesis from Allyl Amines by In Situ Tether Formation and Carboetherification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Hsieh SY, Wanner B, Wheeler P, Beauchemin AM, Rovis T, Bode JW. Stereoelectronic basis for the kinetic resolution of N-heterocycles with chiral acylating reagents. Chemistry 2014; 20:7228-31. [PMID: 24839065 PMCID: PMC4125202 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic resolution of N-heterocycles with chiral acylating agents reveals a previously unrecognized stereoelectronic effect in amine acylation. Combined with a new achiral hydroxamate, this effect makes possible the resolution of various N-heterocycles by using easily prepared reagents. A transition-state model to rationalize the stereochemical outcome of this kinetic resolution is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Hsieh
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Benedikt Wanner
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Philip Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (USA)
| | - André M. Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 (Canada)
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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