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Ćeranić K, Milovanović B, Petković M. Density functional theory study of crown ether-magnesium complexes: from a solvated ion to an ion trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32656-32665. [PMID: 38010878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal ion detection rests on host-guest recognition. We propose a theoretical protocol for designing an optimal trap for a desired metal cation. A host for magnesium ions was sought for among derivatives of crown ethers 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6. Mg-crown complexes and their hydrated counterparts with water molecules bound to the cation were optimized using density functional theory. Based on specific geometric criteria, Interacting quantum atoms analysis and density functional theory-based molecular dynamics of Mg-crown complexes immersed in water, crown ethers for optimal accommodation of Mg2+ in aqueous solution were identified. Selectivity of the chosen crowns towards Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Ćeranić
- Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Milovanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Petković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
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2
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Hercigonja M, Milovanović B, Etinski M, Petković M. Decorated crown ethers as selective ion traps: Solvent’s role in crown’s preference towards a specific ion. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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3
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Aleksandrova A, Matyushenkova V, Shokurov A, Selektor S. Subnanomolar Detection of Mercury Cations in Water by an Interfacial Fluorescent Sensor Achieved by Ultrathin Film Structure Optimization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9239-9246. [PMID: 35867994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to develop and extend the previously proposed approaches to control the structure of nanoscale planar systems based on modular fluorophore compounds capable of efficient analyte binding and to optimize the architecture of ultrathin films formed from them to create a thin-film sensor element for mercury cations. The possibility of applying the ratiometric approach to the fluorescence measurements to obtain a quantitative analytical signal was shown. It was found that films with the Langmuir-Schaefer film architecture, in which the receptor crown ether groups of the fluoroionophore are oriented toward the studied solution, allow the quantitative determination of mercury cations in water at concentrations below the threshold limit value and are especially effective in the analyte concentration range of 10-10-10-5 M. High selectivity of the obtained thin-film sensitive elements with respect to mercury cations and the possibility of regeneration of such elements after quantitative determination of mercury cations in aqueous solutions are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Aleksandrova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Victoria Matyushenkova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander Shokurov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Sofiya Selektor
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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4
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Sisodiya DS, Ali SM, Chattopadhyay A. Exploring the reaction pathway involved in the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 synthesis from catechol and bis(2‐chloroethyl) ether in presence of base. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Singh Sisodiya
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani –K.K. Birla Goa Campus Goa India
| | - Sk. Musharaf Ali
- Chemical Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay Mumbai India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani –K.K. Birla Goa Campus Goa India
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5
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Liu J, Han L, Geng J, Hua J, Wang Z. Metal-Ligand Coordination Induced Ionochromism for π-Conjugated Materials. Front Chem 2020; 8:589106. [PMID: 33134283 PMCID: PMC7567163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the toxicity of heavy metal ions caused a series of environmental, food, and human health problems. Chemical ionochromic sensors are crucial for detecting these toxicity ions. Incorporating organic ligands into π-conjugated polymers made them receptors for metal ions, resulting in an ionochromism phenomenon, which is promising to develop chemosensors for metal ions. This review highlights the recent advances in π-conjugated polymers with ionochromism to metal ions, which may guide rational structural design and evaluation of chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Long Han
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jieting Geng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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6
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Kuz’mina LG, Vedernikov AI, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV. Crystallographic Approach to the [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Topochemical Reactions of Unsaturated Compounds with Single Crystal Retention. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774519050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Complexation of a crown-substituted naphthalimide derivative with heavy metals in Langmuir monolayers. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Shokurov AV, Shcherbina MA, Bakirov AV, Alexandrova AV, Raitman OA, Arslanov VV, Chvalun SN, Selektor SL. Rational Design of Hemicyanine Langmuir Monolayers by Cation-Induced Preorganization of Their Structure for Sensory Response Enhancement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7690-7697. [PMID: 29874084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study takes a novel approach to the enhancement of receptor properties of thin-film sensors based on hemicyanine dyes with dithia-aza-crown-ionophoric moiety. By means of in situ UV-vis and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements, it was revealed that the introduction of up to 0.25 mmol of Hg2+ under a preliminarily compressed monolayer, formed on pure water, does not lead to cation binding. This is due to the formation of "head-to-tail" aggregates (H-type), in which ionophoric group is blocked by the neighboring molecule. However, the presence of barium cations in the subphase under the forming Langmuir monolayer of the mentioned compound causes codirectional (head-to-head) orientation of chromoionophore fragments. This provides preorganization of a monolayer structure that facilitates the binding of complementary mercury cations, even in a compressed state: asymmetric sandwich complexes containing two dye molecules coordinate a Hg2+ cation between them. This complex structure was confirmed by molecular modeling based on the electron density distribution calculated from XRR measurement data. Such preorganization of supramolecular ensembles induced by cations, which do not participate in the complex formation with macroheterocyclic receptors, may have applications in fields where strict control of molecular orientation at the interface is required, such as nanoelectronics, sensorics, catalysis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Shokurov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - M A Shcherbina
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123098 , Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) , Moscow Region 141701 , Russia
| | - A V Bakirov
- N.S. Enikopolov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - A V Alexandrova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - O A Raitman
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - V V Arslanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - S N Chvalun
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" , Moscow 123098 , Russia
- N.S. Enikopolov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 117393 , Russia
| | - S L Selektor
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
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9
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Ju H, Chang DJ, Kim S, Ryu H, Lee E, Park IH, Jung JH, Ikeda M, Habata Y, Lee SS. Cation-Selective and Anion-Controlled Fluorogenic Behaviors of a Benzothiazole-Attached Macrocycle That Correlate with Structural Coordination Modes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7448-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyeong Ju
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - Duk Jin Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
- Bongilcheon High School, Paju 10938, S. Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
| | - Mari Ikeda
- Education
Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-1-1
Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba 275-0023, Japan
| | - Yoichi Habata
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 261-0013, Japan
| | - Shim Sung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, S. Korea
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10
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Abel AS, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP. Oxaazamacrocycles incorporating the quinoline moiety: synthesis and the study of their binding properties towards metal cations. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing macrocycles with an endocyclic quinoline moiety synthesized via Pd(0)-catalyzed amination were found to be prospective fluorescent chemosensors for Cu(ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S. Abel
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Alexei D. Averin
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
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11
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Ushakov EN, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Dmitrieva SN, Kuz'mina LG, Moiseeva AA, Howard JAK, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Supramolecular Dimerization and [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions of Crown Ether Styryl Dyes Containing a Tethered Ammonium Group: Structure-Property Relationships. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:13025-37. [PMID: 26650887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is an effective strategy for controlling the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of olefins. The geometrical properties of supramolecular assemblies are proven to have a critical effect on the efficiency and selectivity of this photoreaction both in the solid state and in solution, but the role of other factors remains poorly understood. Convenient supramolecular systems to study the structure-property relationships are pseudocyclic dimers spontaneously formed by styryl dyes containing a crown ether moiety and a remote ammonium group. New dyes of this type were synthesized to investigate the effects of structural and electronic factors on the quantitative characteristics of supramolecular dimerization and [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in solution. Variable structural parameters for the styryl dyes were the size and structure of macrocyclic moiety, the nature of heteroaromatic residue, and the length of the ammonioalkyl group attached to this residue. Quantum chemical calculations of the pseudocyclic dimers were performed in order to interpret the relationships between the structure of the ammonium dyes and the efficiency of the supramolecular photoreaction. One of the dimeric complexes was obtained in the crystalline state and studied by X-ray diffraction. The results obtained demonstrate that the photocycloaddition in the pseudocyclic dimers can be dramatically affected by the electronic structure of the styryl moieties, as dependent on the electron-donating ability of the substituents on the benzene ring, and by the conformational flexibility of the pseudocycle, which determines the mobility of the olefinic bonds. The significance of electronic factors is highlighted by the fact that the photocycloaddition quantum yield in geometrically similar dimeric structures varies from ≤10(-4) to 0.38. The latter value is unusually high for olefins in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Ushakov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.,Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Artem I Vedernikov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Lobova
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana N Dmitrieva
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila G Kuz'mina
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Judith A K Howard
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V Alfimov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey P Gromov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Complexation of Donor-Acceptor Substituted Aza-Crowns with Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations. Charge Transfer and Recoordination in Excited State. J Fluoresc 2015; 26:585-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Dmitrieva SN, Vedernikov AI, Ushakov EN, Kuz´mina LG, Gromov SP. Synthesis of benzoazacrown ethers by transformation of benzocrown macrocycle and preparation of related complexing agents. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Gao Y, Zhong RL, Xu HL, Sun SL, Su ZM. The effect of ring sizes and alkali metal cations on interaction energy, charge transfer and nonlinear optical properties of crown ether derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of the crown ethers are designed to explore the effect of ring sizes and the nature of alkali metal cations doping on the interaction energy, charge transfer and nonlinear optical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ling Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
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15
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Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Kuz’mina LG, Dmitrieva SN, Strelenko YA, Howard JAK. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Supramolecular Photoswitches Based on Ammonioalkyl Derivatives of Crown Ether Styryl Dyes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11416-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5018074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P. Gromov
- Photochemistry
Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulica Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Photochemistry
Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulica Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A. Lobova
- Photochemistry
Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulica Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila G. Kuz’mina
- N.
S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana N. Dmitrieva
- Photochemistry
Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulica Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri A. Strelenko
- N. D.
Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Judith A. K. Howard
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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16
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Geide IV, Kulyashova AE, Prokhorova PE, Morzherin YY. Studies of complexation properties of receptors based on functionalized calix[4]arenes with various complexation centers. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Gotor R, Costero AM, Gil S, Gaviña P, Rurack K. On the Ion-Pair Recognition and Indication Features of a Fluorescent Heteroditopic Host Based on a BODIPY Core. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Gao Y, Sun SL, Xu HL, Zhao L, Su ZM. N-Methylbenzoaza-18-crown-6-ether derivatives as efficient alkali metal cations sensors: the dipole moment and first hyperpolarizability. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Li+, 1-Na+ and 1-K+ complexes formed by N-methylbenzoaza-18-crown-6-ether derivatives with one alkali metal cation were investigated. Their dipole moments and first hyperpolarizabilities take on opposite trends with increasing the atomic number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ling Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
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