1
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Radical generation and fate control for photocatalytic biomass conversion. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:197-214. [PMID: 37117437 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an emerging approach for sustainable chemical production from renewable biomass under mild conditions. Active radicals are always generated as key intermediates, in which their high reactivity renders them versatile for various upgrading processes. However, controlling their reaction is a challenge, especially in highly functionalized biomass frameworks. In this Review, we summarize recent advanced photocatalytic systems for selective biomass valorization, with an emphasis on their distinct radical-mediated reaction patterns. The strategies for generating a specific radical intermediate and controlling its subsequent conversion towards desired chemicals are also highlighted, aiming to provide guidance for future studies. We believe that taking full advantage of the unique reactivity of radical intermediates would provide great opportunities to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems for biomass valorization.
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2
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Lim SH, Jang H, Kim MJ, Wee KR, Lim DH, Kim YI, Cho DW. Visible-Light-Induced Selective C–C Bond Cleavage Reactions of Dimeric β-O-4 and β-1 Lignin Model Substrates Utilizing Amine-Functionalized Fullerene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2289-2300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Hannara Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
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3
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Bao H, Sagues WJ, Wang Y, Peng W, Zhang L, Yang S, Xiao D, Tong Z. Depolymerization of Lignin into Monophenolics by Ferrous/Persulfate Reagent under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6582-6593. [PMID: 33078554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use a persulfate together with transition metal ions as the reagent to effectively depolymerize lignin into monophenolic compounds under mild conditions (ambient pressure, temperature <100 °C). The Box-Behnken experimental design in combination with the response surface methodology was applied to obtain optimized reaction conditions. The results showed that this reagent could depolymerize up to 99 % of lignin dimers to mainly veratraldehyde. This reaction also successfully depolymerized industrial lignins with a high yield of phenolic oils and monophenolic compounds. Quantum chemistry calculations using the density functional theory level indicated that the persulfate free radical attacks Cβ to break the β-O-4 bond of lignin through a five-membered ring mechanism. This mechanism using persulfate free radicals has a lower activation barrier than that using hydroxyl radicals. Gel permeation chromatography and 2D-NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the effective cleavage of the β-O-4 bonds of lignin after depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Bao
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820, Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Shunchang Yang
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, 1741 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
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4
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Wu X, Luo N, Xie S, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang Y. Photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6198-6223. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in photocatalytic transformations of lignocellulosic biomass (polysaccharides and lignin) into chemicals (in particular organic oxygenates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Shunji Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Haikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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5
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Nguyen ST, Murray PRD, Knowles RR. Light-Driven Depolymerization of Native Lignin Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Philip R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Barbieri A, Kasper JB, Mecozzi F, Lanzalunga O, Browne WR. Origins of Catalyst Inhibition in the Manganese-Catalysed Oxidation of Lignin Model Compounds with H 2 O 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3126-3133. [PMID: 31001914 PMCID: PMC6617720 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The upgrading of complex bio-renewable feedstock, such as lignocellulose, through depolymerisation benefits from the selective reactions at key functional groups. Applying homogeneous catalysts developed for selective organic oxidative transformations to complex feedstock such as lignin is challenged by the presence of interfering components. The selection of appropriate model compounds is essential in applying new catalytic systems and identifying such interferences. Here, it was shown by using as an example the oxidation of a model substrate containing a β-O-4 linkage with H2 O2 and an in situ-prepared manganese-based catalyst, capable of efficient oxidation of benzylic alcohols, that interference from compounds liberated during the reaction can prevent its application to lignocellulose depolymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Barbieri
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversita'di Roma “La Sapienza”P.le A. Moro 5I-00185RomeItaly
| | - Johann B. Kasper
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Mecozzi
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversita'di Roma “La Sapienza”P.le A. Moro 5I-00185RomeItaly
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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7
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Zhao X, Yang Y, Zhu R, Liu C, Zhang D. Mechanistic picture of the redox-neutral C C bond cleavage in 1,3-dilignol lignin model compound catalyzed by [Ru(Cl)(H)(PPh3)3]/triphos. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Sivaguru P, Wang Z, Zanoni G, Bi X. Cleavage of carbon–carbon bonds by radical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2615-2656. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights into the in situ generated radicals triggered carbon–carbon bond cleavage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- China
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9
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Orellana R, Chaput G, Markillie LM, Mitchell H, Gaffrey M, Orr G, DeAngelis KM. Multi-time series RNA-seq analysis of Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1 during growth in lignin-amended medium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186440. [PMID: 29049419 PMCID: PMC5648182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of lignocellulosic-derived biofuels is a highly promising source of alternative energy, but it has been constrained by the lack of a microbial platform capable to efficiently degrade this recalcitrant material and cope with by-products that can be toxic to cells. Species that naturally grow in environments where carbon is mainly available as lignin are promising for finding new ways of removing the lignin that protects cellulose for improved conversion of lignin to fuel precursors. Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1 is a facultative anaerobic Gammaproteobacteria isolated from tropical rain forest soil collected in El Yunque forest, Puerto Rico under anoxic growth conditions with lignin as sole carbon source. Whole transcriptome analysis of SCF1 during E.lignolyticus SCF1 lignin degradation was conducted on cells grown in the presence (0.1%, w/w) and the absence of lignin, where samples were taken at three different times during growth, beginning of exponential phase, mid-exponential phase and beginning of stationary phase. Lignin-amended cultures achieved twice the cell biomass as unamended cultures over three days, and in this time degraded 60% of lignin. Transcripts in early exponential phase reflected this accelerated growth. A complement of laccases, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases, and peroxidases were most up-regulated in lignin amended conditions in mid-exponential and early stationary phases compared to unamended growth. The association of hydrogen production by way of the formate hydrogenlyase complex with lignin degradation suggests a possible value added to lignin degradation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gina Chaput
- Microbiology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States of America
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hugh Mitchell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matt Gaffrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Galya Orr
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. DeAngelis
- Microbiology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Gao WJ, Lam CM, Sun BG, Little RD, Zeng CC. Selective electrochemical C O bond cleavage of β-O-4 lignin model compounds mediated by iodide ion. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Kärkäs MD, Matsuura BS, Monos TM, Magallanes G, Stephenson CRJ. Transition-metal catalyzed valorization of lignin: the key to a sustainable carbon-neutral future. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1853-914. [PMID: 26732312 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of a sustainable, carbon-neutral biorefinery has emerged as a prominent scientific and engineering goal of the 21st century. As petroleum has become less accessible, biomass-based carbon sources have been investigated for utility in fuel production and commodity chemical manufacturing. One underutilized biomaterial is lignin; however, its highly crosslinked and randomly polymerized composition have rendered this biopolymer recalcitrant to existing chemical processing. More recently, insight into lignin's molecular structure has reinvigorated chemists to develop catalytic methods for lignin depolymerization. This review examines the development of transition-metal catalyzed reactions and the insights shared between the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems towards the ultimate goal of valorizing lignin to produce value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Timothy M Monos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Gabriel Magallanes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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12
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Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Zhu Q, Gentry EC, Knowles RR. Catalytic Carbocation Generation Enabled by the Mesolytic Cleavage of Alkoxyamine Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9969-73. [PMID: 27403637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic method is described to access carbocation intermediates via the mesolytic cleavage of alkoxyamine radical cations. In this process, electron transfer between an excited state oxidant and a TEMPO-derived alkoxyamine substrate gives rise to a radical cation with a remarkably weak C-O bond. Spontaneous scission results in the formation of the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO(.) as well as a reactive carbocation intermediate that can be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Notably, this process occurs under neutral conditions and at comparatively mild potentials, enabling catalytic cation generation in the presence of both acid sensitive and easily oxidized nucleophilic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Emily C Gentry
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
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14
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Lignin Biodegradation with Fungi, Bacteria and Enzymes for Producing Chemicals and Increasing Process Efficiency. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Nguyen BH, Perkins RJ, Smith JA, Moeller KD. Solvolysis, Electrochemistry, and Development of Synthetic Building Blocks from Sawdust. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11953-62. [PMID: 26544912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Either aldehyde or cinnamyl ether products can be selectively extracted from raw sawdust by controlling the temperature and pressure of a solvolysis reaction. These materials have been used as platform chemicals for the synthesis of 15 different synthetic substrates. The conversion of the initial sawdust-derived materials into electron-rich aryl substrates often requires the use of oxidation and reduction chemistry, and the role electrochemistry can play as a sustainable method for these transformations has been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichlien H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Robert J Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jake A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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16
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Gazi S, Hung Ng WK, Ganguly R, Putra Moeljadi AM, Hirao H, Soo HS. Selective photocatalytic C-C bond cleavage under ambient conditions with earth abundant vanadium complexes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7130-7142. [PMID: 29861949 PMCID: PMC5951195 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoselective aliphatic carbon–carbon bond activation photocatalyzed by vanadium oxo complexes under ambient conditions and visible light.
Selective C–C bond cleavage under ambient conditions is a challenging chemical transformation that can be a valuable tool for organic syntheses and macromolecular disassembly. Herein, we show that base metal vanadium photocatalysts can harvest visible light to effect the chemoselective C–C bond cleavage of lignin model compounds under ambient conditions. Lignin, a major aromatic constituent of non-food biomass, is an inexpensive, accessible source of fine chemical feedstocks such as phenols and aryl ethers. However, existing lignin degradation technologies are harsh and indiscriminately degrade valuable functional groups to produce intractable mixtures. The selective, photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin remains underexplored. In the course of our studies on lignin model compounds, we have uncovered a new C–C activation reaction that takes place under exceptionally mild conditions with high conversions. We present our fundamental studies on representative lignin model compounds, with the aim of expanding and generalizing the substrate scope in the future. Visible light is employed in the presence of earth-abundant vanadium oxo catalysts under ambient conditions. Selective C–C bond cleavage leads to valuable and functionally rich fine chemicals such as substituted aryl aldehydes and formates. Isotope labeling experiments, product analyses, and intermediate radical trapping, together with density functional theory studies, suggest a unique pathway that involves a photogenerated T1 state during the C–C bond cleavage reactions. Our study demonstrates a sustainable approach to harvest sunlight for an unusual, selective bond activation, which can potentially be applied in organic transformations and biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarifuddin Gazi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ; .,Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602
| | - Wilson Kwok Hung Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ;
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ;
| | - Adhitya Mangala Putra Moeljadi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ;
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ;
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 . ; .,Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602
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17
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Lim SH, Lee WS, Kim YI, Sohn Y, Cho DW, Kim C, Kim E, Latham JA, Dunaway-Mariano D, Mariano PS. Photochemical and enzymatic SET promoted C–C bond cleavage reactions of lignin β-1 model compounds containing varying number of methoxy substituents on their arene rings. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Chen Z, Zeng H, Gong H, Wang H, Li CJ. Palladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of phenols with anilines and amines: efficient conversion of phenolic lignin model monomers and analogues to cyclohexylamines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4174-4178. [PMID: 29218182 PMCID: PMC5707487 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00941c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed direct coupling of phenolic lignin model monomers and analogues with anilines to give cyclohexylamines using sodium formate as hydrogen donor is described.
Phenols, being readily available from naturally abundant lignins, are important future feedstocks for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy. Herein, a highly efficient Pd-catalyzed direct coupling of phenolic lignin model monomers and analogues with anilines to give cyclohexylamines using cheap and safe sodium formate as hydrogen donor is described. A variety of secondary and tertiary substituted cyclohexylamines can be synthesized under convenient conditions in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000 , PR China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Hang Gong
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada .
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada .
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vom Stein T, den Hartog T, Buendia J, Stoychev S, Mottweiler J, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Leitner W. Ruthenium-Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage in Lignin Model Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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vom Stein T, den Hartog T, Buendia J, Stoychev S, Mottweiler J, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Leitner W. Ruthenium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage in lignin model substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5859-63. [PMID: 25809138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-triphos complexes exhibited unprecedented catalytic activity and selectivity in the redox-neutral C-C bond cleavage of the β-O-4 lignin linkage of 1,3-dilignol model compounds. A mechanistic pathway involving a dehydrogenation-initiated retro-aldol reaction for the C-C bond cleavage was proposed in line with experimental data and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten vom Stein
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany) www.itmc.rwth-aachen.de
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21
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Luo FX, Zhou TG, Li X, Luo YL, Shi ZJ. Fragmentation of structural units of lignin promoted by persulfate through selective C–C cleavage under mild conditions. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A high selectivity and activity for the fragmentation of β-O-4 and β-1 lignin models to high-value chemicals were achieved by using persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xian Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecule Science (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tai-Gang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecule Science (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecule Science (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yun-Lei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecule Science (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Green Chemistry Center
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
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22
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Mitchell LJ, Moody CJ. Solar Photochemical Oxidation of Alcohols using Catalytic Hydroquinone and Copper Nanoparticles under Oxygen: Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin Models. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11091-100. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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23
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Wang Q, van Gemmeren M, List B. Asymmetrische Disulfonimid-katalysierte Synthese von δ-Amino-β-ketoestern durch vinyloge Mukaiyama-Mannich-Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Wang Q, van Gemmeren M, List B. Asymmetric disulfonimide-catalyzed synthesis of δ-amino-β-ketoester derivatives by vinylogous Mukaiyama-Mannich reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13592-5. [PMID: 25348924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of δ-amino-β-ketoester derivatives has been developed. A chiral disulfonimide (DSI) serves as a highly efficient precatalyst for a vinylogous Mukaiyama-Mannich reaction of readily available dioxinone-derived silyloxydienes with N-Boc-protected imines, delivering products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this reaction is illustrated in various transformations, including a new CC bond-forming reaction, which provide useful enantioenriched building blocks. The methodology is applied in a formal synthesis of (-)-lasubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
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25
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Nguyen JD, Matsuura BS, Stephenson CRJ. A Photochemical Strategy for Lignin Degradation at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1218-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bryan S. Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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