1
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Liang P, Yang H, Wang Y. Elucidating the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in the activation/transformation of an acetic ester catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4320-4328. [PMID: 38234281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of an ester by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is an efficient and important approach for generating an NHC-bound enolate intermediate, an important active intermediate in the transformation of carbonyl compounds. Herein, we perform a theoretical study on the NHC-catalyzed activation and transformation reaction of an acetic ester in which the NHC-bound enolate intermediate is a key intermediate. Multiple activation and transformation pathways are proposed and analyzed to identify an energetically favorable pathway. The use of different substrates for the reaction is considered. When a chalcone substrate is used, [4+2] cycloaddition between the enolate intermediate and the chalcone is identified to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step for the reaction, with the R-configured product being generated as the major isomer. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses are performed to identify the origin of the stereoselectivity of the reaction, and a local reactivity analysis is conducted to explore substrate and catalyst effects on the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Liang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
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2
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Shen J, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Theoretical Insights into Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition between Cinnamaldehyde and Cyclic N-Sulfonyl Trifluoromethylated Ketimine Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3124-3134. [PMID: 35549275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to investigate the mechanism and the origin of stereoselectivity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition between enals and cyclic imine N-sulfonyl trifluoromethyl ketimines at the M06-2X/SMD/6-311+G(d,p)//M06-2X/SMD/6-31G (d,p) level. The results show that the favorable reaction path consists of five steps: nucleophilic attack, proton transfer, the formation of the C-C bond, the tautomerism of the enol intermediate, the formation of the five-membered ring, and the regeneration of the catalyst. For the process of proton transfer, the base-assisted reaction can reduce the activation free energy and make the reaction easier to occur compared with the direct proton transfer process. The formation of the C-C bond is the crucial step of stereoselectivity, in which two chiral centers and four configurations of intermediates (RR/RS/SR/SS) were generated. The free energy barriers obtained and the noncovalent interaction analysis confirm that the dominant configuration is SS, becoming the final trans-type product observed in experiment. Furthermore, through the analyses of the conceptual DFT and natural atomic charges, it is revealed that NHC acts as a double catalyst, which can not only increase the nucleophilicity of reactants by Lewis base but also activate the C-H bond and promote the proton transfer process. The understanding of the mechanism obtained in this study should be helpful to the other organic catalytic reactions with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yun X, Yu Z, Liu T. Mechanistic insight into the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions between 1,6-diyne and benzoquinone catalyzed by rhodium complex: A theoretical study. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Ahmadvand Z, Bayat M, Zolfigol MA. Toward prediction of the precatalyst activation mechanism through the cross-coupling reactions: Reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) in precatalyst of the type Pd-PEPPSI. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2296-2309. [PMID: 32757323 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pd-PEPPSI type complexes are widely used as precatalyst in a variety of organic reactions, including the Negishi, Kumada and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The aim of this research is to determine potential proposed reaction pathways 1, 2, or 2' (See Schemes 1 and S1-S4) for Pd-PEPPSI precatalyst activation in the presence of ethylene glycol as a solvent also in the gas phase at Cam-B3LYP-D3 method nominated among eight DFT methods examined. There is also investigation into the impact of promoter bases (NaOEt, NaOi Pr, NaOt Bu) on precatalyst activation of Pd-PEPPSI. Eventually, the most favorable proposed reaction pathway and promoter base for reducing Pd(II) to Pd(0) are predicted computationally. Notably, our findings are consistent with the organ Pd-PEPPSI type complexes that offer increased catalytic activity and provide basic information in the presence of solvents designing the monoligated Pd(0)-solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ahmadvand
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bayat
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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5
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Bai H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang L, Li S, Wei D, Zhu Y, Zhang W. Unravelling the Origins of Hydroboration Chemoselectivity Inversion Using an N,O-Chelated Ir(I) Complex: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6709-6718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huining Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
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6
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Cao S, Yuan H, Zhang J. A mechanistic investigation into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed umpolung of ketones and benzonitriles: is the cyano group better than the classical carbonyl group for the addition of NHC? Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative participation of NHC-H2O-activated cyano carbon is more preferred than the classical NHC-activated carbonyl carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
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7
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Bai H, Zhang H, Guo Y, Chen H, Wei D, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang W. Understanding theZselectivity of the metal-free intermolecular aminoarylation of alkynes: a DFT study. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The unusualZselectivity of the title reaction is revealed to be determined by the inherent requirements of dynamic preference of pathways that promise theZ-geometry product, rather than the isomerization of theE-productin situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuen Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences
- Zhengzhou 450002
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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8
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Zhang H, Xu H, Bai H, Wei D, Zhu Y, Zhang W. Theoretical study on the mechanism and enantioselectivity of NHC-catalyzed intramolecular SN2′ nucleophilic substitution: what are the roles of NHC and DBU? Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A possible catalytic mechanism was proposed and studied in very detail by using the DFT method for a recently reported enantioselective intramolecular SN2′ substitution of aldehydes with trisubstituted allylic bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huining Bai
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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9
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Wang Y, Wei D, Zhang W. Recent Advances on Computational Investigations ofN-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Annulation Reactions: Mechanism and Origin of Selectivities. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou Henan Province 450001 P.R. China
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10
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Wang W, Wei D. A DFT Study of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation between Saturated Carboxylate withortho-Quinone Methide: Possible Mechanisms and Origin of Enantioselectivity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
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11
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Schwarzer MC, Konno R, Hojo T, Ohtsuki A, Nakamura K, Yasutome A, Takahashi H, Shimasaki T, Tobisu M, Chatani N, Mori S. Combined Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Methoxyarenes with Arylboronic Esters via C–O Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10347-10358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Schwarzer
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Konno
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hojo
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akimichi Ohtsuki
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yasutome
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimasaki
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Mori
- Faculty
of Science and ‡Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering and #Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Wang W, Wang Y, Zheng L, Qiao Y, Wei D. A DFT Study on Mechanisms and Origin of Selectivity of Phosphine-Catalyzed Vicinal Acylcyanation of Alkynoates. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001 P. R. China
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13
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Qiao Y, Chen X, Wei D, Chang J. Insights into the Competing Mechanisms and Origin of Enantioselectivity for N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Reaction of Aldehyde with Enamide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38200. [PMID: 27905524 PMCID: PMC5131292 DOI: 10.1038/srep38200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroacylation reactions and aza-benzoin reactions have attracted considerable attention from experimental chemists. Recently, Wang et al. reported an interesting reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed addition of aldehyde to enamide, in which both hydroacylation and aza-benzoin reactions may be involved. Thus, understanding the competing relationship between them is of great interest. Now, density functional theory (DFT) investigation was performed to elucidate this issue. Our results reveal that enamide can tautomerize to its imine isomer with the assistance of HCO3-. The addition of NHC to aldehydes formed Breslow intermediate, which can go through cross-coupling with enamide via hydroacylation reaction or its imine isomer via aza-benzoin reaction. The aza-benzoin reaction requires relatively lower free energy barrier than the hydroacylation reaction. The more polar characteristic of C=N group in the imine isomers, and the more advantageous stereoelectronic effect in the carbon-carbon bond forming transition states in aza-benzoin pathway were identified to determine that the imine isomer can react with the Breslow intermediate more easily. Furthermore, the origin of enantioselectivities for the reaction was explored and reasonably explained by structural analyses on key transition states. The work should provide valuable insights for rational design of switchable NHC-catalyzed hydroacylation and aza-benzoin reactions with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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14
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Wei D, Qiao Y. Insights into N
-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation Reaction of Enals with Nitroalkenes: Mechanisms, Origin of Chemo- and Stereoselectivity, and Role of Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3046-3054. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zheng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; No. 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
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15
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Theoretical investigations towards the [4+2] cycloaddition of ketenes with 1-azadienes catalyzed by N -heterocyclic carbenes: mechanism and stereoselectivity. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Tang M, Wang Y, Wei D. Insights into Stereoselective Aminomethylation Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde with N,O-Acetal via N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Brønsted Acid/Base Cooperative Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5370-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China
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17
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Wang Y, Wu B, Zheng L, Wei D, Tang M. DFT perspective toward [3 + 2] annulation reaction of enals with α-ketoamides through NHC and Brønsted acid cooperative catalysis: mechanism, stereoselectivity, and role of NHC. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The DFT perspective toward the [3 + 2] annulation reaction through NHC and Brønsted acid cooperative catalysis has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Bohua Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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18
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Zheng L, Tang M, Wang Y, Guo X, Wei D, Qiao Y. A DFT study on PBu3-catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations of N-allylic substituted α-amino nitriles for the formation of functionalized pyrrolidines: mechanisms, selectivities, and the role of catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3130-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms and stereoselectivities of PBu3-catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations for the formation of functionalized pyrrolidines have been investigated using a DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaokang Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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19
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Wei D, Tang M, Zhu X. A DFT study on NHC-catalyzed intramolecular aldehyde–ketone crossed-benzoin reaction: mechanism, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and role of NHC. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6577-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A computational study on NHC-catalyzed intramolecular aldehyde–ketone crossed-benzoin reaction has been performed using a DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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20
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Heravi MM, Talaei B. Ketenes as Privileged Synthons in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Part 3. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Wang Y, Wei D, Wang Y, Zhang W, Tang M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed sp3 β-C–H Activation of Saturated Carbonyl Compounds: Mechanism, Role of NHC, and Origin of Stereoselectivity. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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22
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Šmit BM, Pavlović RZ, Milenković DA, Marković ZS. Mechanism, kinetics and selectivity of selenocyclization of 5-alkenylhydantoins: an experimental and computational study. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1865-75. [PMID: 26664604 PMCID: PMC4661018 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and selectivity of a bicyclic hydantoin formation by selenium-induced cyclization are investigated. The proposed mechanism involves the intermediates formed by an electrophilic addition of the selenium reagent on a double bond of the starting 5-alkenylhydantoin prior the cyclization. These intermediates are readily converted into the more stable cyclic seleniranium cations. A key step of the mechanism is an intramolecular cyclization which is realized through an anti-attack of the internal nucleophile, the amidic nitrogen, to the seleniranium cation yielding the intermediate imidazolinium cations. Their deprotonation is followed by the formation of the fused bicyclic reaction products. Important intermediates and key transition states are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The pathways of the reaction are investigated in detail. There are two regioselective pathways related to 5-exo and 6-endo products. Theoretical calculations and the monitoring of the cyclization reaction using (1)H NMR spectroscopy are in a good agreement with the proposed mechanism and are consistent with our experimental results. The preferred pathway for formation of 5-exo products is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana M Šmit
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radoslav Z Pavlović
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan A Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran S Marković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
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23
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Qiao Y, Wei D, Chang J. Insights into the Unexpected Chemoselectivity for the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Allenals with Chalcones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8619-30. [PMID: 26270106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lewis base N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the reaction mechanisms, especially the unexpected chemoselectivity of some of these reactions, are poorly understood. In this work, a systematic theoretical calculation has been performed on NHC-catalyzed annulation between allenals and chalcone. Multiple possible reaction pathways (A-E) leading to three different products have been characterized. The calculated results reveal that NHC is more likely to initiate the reaction by nucleophilic attack on the center carbon atom of the allene group but not the carbonyl carbon atom in allenals leading to the Breslow intermediate, which is remarkably different from the other NHC-catalyzed annulations of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones. The computed energy profiles demonstrate that the most energetically favorable pathway (A) results in polysubstituted pyranyl aldehydes, which reasonably explains the observed chemoselectivity in the experiment. The observed chemoselectivity is demonstrated to be thermodynamically but not kinetically controlled, and the stability of the Breslow intermediate is the key for the possibility of homoenolate pathway D and enolate pathway E. This work can improve our understanding of the multiple competing pathways for NHC-catalyzed annulation reactions of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones and provide valuable insights for predicting the chemoselectivity for this kind of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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24
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Zhang M, Wei D, Wang Y, Li S, Liu J, Zhu Y, Tang M. DFT study on the reaction mechanisms and stereoselectivities of NHC-catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition between arylalkylketenes and electron-deficient benzaldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6374-83. [PMID: 24940721 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, two possible mechanisms (mechanisms A and B) on the stereoselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of aryl(alkyl)ketenes and electron-deficient benzaldehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Our calculated results indicate that the favorable mechanism (mechanism A) includes three processes: the first step is the nucleophilic attack on the arylalkylketene by the NHC catalyst to form an intermediate, the second step is the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the intermediate and benzaldehyde for the formation of a β-lactone, and the last step is the dissociation of the NHC catalyst and the β-lactone. Notably, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition, in which two chiral centers associated with four configurations (SS, RR, SR and RS) are formed, is demonstrated to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step. Moreover, the reaction pathway associated with the SR configuration is the most favorable pathway and leads to the main product, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the analysis of global and local reactivity indexes has been performed to explain the role of the NHC catalyst in the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Therefore, this study will be of great use for the rational design of more efficient catalysts for this kind of cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P.R. China.
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25
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Wang Y, Guo X, Wu B, Wei D, Tang M. Mechanistic and stereoselectivity study for the reaction of trifluoropyruvates with arylpropenes catalyzed by a cationic Lewis acid rhodium complex. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism and stereoselectivity of a Lewis acid catalyzed carbonyl–ene reaction of trifluoropyruvates with arylpropenes have been investigated using a DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bohua Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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26
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Wang Y, Zheng L, Wei D, Tang M. A quantum mechanical study of the mechanism and stereoselectivity of the N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation reaction of enals with azodicarboxylates. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and stereoselectivity of the NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation reaction of enals with azodicarboxylates have been investigated using the DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Linjie Zheng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P.R. China
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27
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Mechanistic insights into the stereoselective C2-functionalization of 1-substituted imidazoles with cyanophenylacetylene and aldehydes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Chauhan P, Mahajan S, Enders D. Organocatalytic carbon-sulfur bond-forming reactions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8807-64. [PMID: 25144663 DOI: 10.1021/cr500235v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chauhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen, Germany
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29
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Li Z, Wei D, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Tang M. DFT Study on the Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities of the [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Enals and Chalcones Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3069-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P.R. China
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30
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Allen AD, Tidwell TT. Structure and Mechanism in Ketene Chemistry. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800256-8.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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