1
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Roncaglia F, Ughetti A, Porcelli N, Anderlini B, Severini A, Rigamonti L. Light on the sustainable preparation of aryl-cored dibromides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1076-1087. [PMID: 38774275 PMCID: PMC11106674 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Both aryl and benzyl polybromides have gained significant importance as reactive building blocks in polymer and materials chemistry. Their preparation primarily relies on established synthetic methods using molecular bromine or N-bromosuccinimide, known for their reliability and effectiveness. However, from a sustainability perspective, these methods suffer from the generation of stoichiometric amounts of byproducts and often encounter selectivity troubles. To mitigate these issues, we extended the greener peroxide-bromide halogenation method, initially developed for monobromides, to afford aryl-cored polybromides in high yields. The same method can be employed in two variants modulated by light irradiation. This external switch can be used to selectively trigger side-chain or core halogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Roncaglia
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Ughetti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Porcelli
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Biagio Anderlini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Severini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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2
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Zhang MZ, Yang X, Yin JX, Deng Y, Tan HY, Bai YH, Li YL, Wen J, Chen T. Chemoselective Synthesis of 3-Bromomethyloxindoles via Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Bromocyclization of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3923-3928. [PMID: 38662964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-induced radical cascade bromocyclization of N-arylacrylamides has been accomplished. This reaction overcomes the overbromination at the benzene rings suffered in traditional electrophilic reactions, thus enabling the first highly chemoselective synthesis of valuable 3-bromomethyloxindoles. The combination of pyridine and anhydrous medium is identified as the key factor for the high chemoselectivity in the current photoreaction system, which might work by suppressing the in situ generation of low-concentration Br2 from N-bromosuccinimide. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions ensure the generation of a wide range of the new desired products with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xing Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Heng Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chen H, Shen C, Dong K. Parallel Paired Photoelectrochemical Bromination of Alkylarenes with Electrochemical Pinacol Coupling. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2550-2555. [PMID: 38289158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A paired electrochemical method for paralleling benzylic bromination of alkylarenes under irradiation with reductive pinacol coupling in a divided cell has been developed. A variety of benzyl bromides at the anode and pinacols at the cathode were obtained simultaneously in moderate-to-high faradaic efficiency. This parallel paired electrochemical protocol showed a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity as well as high synthetic and faradaic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuai Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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4
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Ouzounthanasis KA, Rizos SR, Koumbis AE. A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Isoxazolidine and Isoxazole Isoquinolinones Fused Hybrids. Molecules 2023; 29:91. [PMID: 38202674 PMCID: PMC10779618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoxazolidine, isoxazole, and isoquinolinone rings are present in the structure of several natural products and/or pharmaceutically interesting compounds. In this work, facile and efficient pathways have been developed for the preparation of fused frameworks bearing those heterocycles. The successful approaches for both isoxazolidine/isoquinolinone and isoxazole/isoquinolinone hybrid syntheses relied initially on 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrones and nitrile oxides to indenone and 2-propargylbenzamide, respectively. The construction of the isoquinolinone lactam system followed by performing a selective Schmidt reaction for isoxazolidine derivatives (two steps overall), whereas the isoxazole lactams were reached via an Ullmann-type cyclisation (three steps overall). Key observations were made regarding the stereo- and regioselectivities of the reactions employed, and small libraries of the targeted hybrids were prepared, demonstrating the general applicability of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A. Ouzounthanasis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios R. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
| | - Alexandros E. Koumbis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Bo C, Chen F, Bu Q, Du ZH, Li M, Dai B, Liu N. Visible-Light-Driven Organocatalytic Alkoxylation of Benzylic C-H Bonds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3532-3538. [PMID: 36881000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of strategies for direct alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond have been developed toward the construction of benzyl ethers. The light-induced benzyl C-H bond alkoxylation provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of these important intermediates. The photocatalyzed alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond has dominated by metal-catalyzed methods. Herein, we reported a light-driven organocatalytic approach for alkoxylation of the benzyl C-H bond by the use of 9,10-dibromoanthracene as a photocatalyst and employing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as an oxidant. This reaction proceeds at room temperature and is capable of converting a variety of alkyl biphenyl and coupling partners, including a variety of alcohol and carboxylic acid, as well as peroxide, to the desired products under 400 nm light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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6
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Das M, Zamani L, Bratcher C, Musacchio PZ. Azolation of Benzylic C-H Bonds via Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbocation Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10.1021/jacs.2c12850. [PMID: 36757817 PMCID: PMC10409882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox-catalyzed method is reported that enables the coupling between benzylic C-H substrates and N-H azoles. Classically, medicinally relevant N-benzyl azoles are produced via harsh substitution conditions between the azole and a benzyl electrophile in the presence of strong bases at high temperatures. Use of C-H bonds as the alkylating partner streamlines the preparation of these important motifs. In this work, we report the use of N-alkoxypyridinium salts as a critically enabling reagent for the development of a general C(sp3)-H azolation. The platform enables the alkylation of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich azoles with a range of C-H bonds, most notably secondary and tertiary partners. Moreover, the protocol is mild enough to tolerate benzyl electrophiles, thus offering an orthogonal approach to existing SN2 and cross-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Christopher Bratcher
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | - Patricia Z Musacchio
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
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7
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Gao M, Ma S, Xu T, Jiang N, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Wu B. The design and synthesis of benzylpiperazine-based edaravone derivatives and their neuroprotective activities. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New edaravone derivatives containing a benzylpiperazine moiety are designed and synthesized. The structures are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The potential neuroprotective activities of the target compounds are evaluated in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and in mice subjected to acute cerebral ischemia. Most of the target compounds showed neuroprotective activities both in vivo and in vitro, especially 1-(4-(4-fluorobenzyl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethanone and 1-(4-(4-nitrobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(4-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethanone, which displayed significant protective effects on cell viability against damage caused by H2O2, and remarkably prolonged the survival time of mice subjected to acute cerebral ischemia and decreased the mortality rate at all doses. These compounds represent lead compounds for the further discovery of neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Molecular docking studies and basic structure–activity relationships are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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8
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9
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Radjagobalou R, Imbratta M, Bergraser J, Gaudeau M, Lyvinec G, Delbrayelle D, Jentzer O, Roudin J, Laroche B, Ognier S, Tatoulian M, Cossy J, Echeverria PG. Selective Photochemical Continuous Flow Benzylic Monochlorination. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Radjagobalou
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Miguel Imbratta
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Julie Bergraser
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Marion Gaudeau
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Gildas Lyvinec
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | | | - Olivier Jentzer
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Jérémy Roudin
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Ognier
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Tatoulian
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
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10
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Liu L, Liu P, Zhang D, Zhang HY, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Photocatalytic Oxidative Bromination of 2,6-Dichlorotoluene to 2,6-Dichlorobenzyl Bromide in a Microchannel Reactor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4624-4629. [PMID: 35155953 PMCID: PMC8829936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidative benzylic bromination with hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green process for the synthesis of benzyl bromides, but suffers from the risk of explosion when performing it in a batch reactor. This disadvantage could be overcome by running the reaction in a microchannel reactor. In this work, a green and safe process for the synthesis of 2,6-dichlorobenzyl bromide (DCBB) was developed by conducting selective benzylic bromination of 2,6-dichlorotoluene (DCT) with H2O2 as an oxidant and HBr as a bromine source in a microchannel reactor under light irradiation. The reaction parameters were optimized, and the conversion of DCT reached up to 98.1% with a DCBB yield of 91.4% under the optimal reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University
of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University
of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Tasly
Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300402, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University
of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Hebei
Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient
Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University
of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P.R. China
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11
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Quasdorf K, Murray JI, Nguyen H, Silva Elipe MV, Ericson A, Kircher E, Guan L, Caille S. Development of a Continuous Photochemical Bromination/Alkylation Sequence En Route to AMG 423. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Quasdorf
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - James I. Murray
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Maria V. Silva Elipe
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Ari Ericson
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Eric Kircher
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Lianxiu Guan
- Attribute Sciences Department, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Seb Caille
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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12
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Konan KE, Abollé A, Barré E, Aka EC, Coeffard V, Felpin FX. Developing flow photo-thiol–ene functionalizations of cinchona alkaloids with an autonomous self-optimizing flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow photo-thiol–ene reactions on cinchona alkaloids with a variety of organic thiols have been developed using enabling technologies such as a self-optimizing flow photochemical reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouakou Eric Konan
- CNRS, Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Abollé Abollé
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Elvina Barré
- CNRS, Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Ehu Camille Aka
- CNRS, Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Vincent Coeffard
- CNRS, Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- CNRS, Université de Nantes, CEISAM UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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14
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Francis D, Blacker AJ, Kapur N, Marsden SP. Readily Reconfigurable Continuous-Stirred Tank Photochemical Reactor Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Francis
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - A. John Blacker
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nikil Kapur
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Marsden
- Institute of Process Research and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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15
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Bottecchia C, Lévesque F, McMullen JP, Ji Y, Reibarkh M, Peng F, Tan L, Spencer G, Nappi J, Lehnherr D, Narsimhan K, Wismer MK, Chen L, Lin Y, Dalby SM. Manufacturing Process Development for Belzutifan, Part 2: A Continuous Flow Visible-Light-Induced Benzylic Bromination. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bottecchia
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - François Lévesque
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan P. McMullen
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yining Ji
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Glenn Spencer
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jarod Nappi
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Karthik Narsimhan
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael K. Wismer
- Scientific Engineering & Design, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Like Chen
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Yipeng Lin
- Shanghai SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 9 Yuegong Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201507, China
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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16
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Bonner A, Loftus A, Padgham AC, Baumann M. Forgotten and forbidden chemical reactions revitalised through continuous flow technology. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7737-7753. [PMID: 34549240 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow technology has played an undeniable role in enabling modern chemical synthesis, whereby a myriad of reactions can now be performed with greater efficiency, safety and control. As flow chemistry furthermore delivers more sustainable and readily scalable routes to important target structures a growing number of industrial applications are being reported. In this review we highlight the impact of flow chemistry on revitalising important chemical reactions that were either forgotten soon after their initial report as necessary improvements were not realised due to a lack of available technology, or forbidden due to unacceptable safety concerns relating to the experimental procedure. In both cases flow processing in combination with further reaction optimisation has rendered a powerful set of tools that make such transformations not only highly efficient but moreover very desirable due to a more streamlined construction of desired scaffolds. This short review highlights important contributions from academic and industrial laboratories predominantly from the last 5 years allowing the reader to gain an appreciation of the impact of flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Bonner
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling Loftus
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alex C Padgham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, D04 N2E5, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Lan Z, Lu Y. Photoiodization of toluene in a microflow platform. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Chahboun R, Botubol-Ares JM, Durán-Peña MJ, Jiménez F, Alvarez-Manzaneda R, Alvarez-Manzaneda E. Deconjugative α-Alkylation of Cyclohexenecarboxaldehydes: An Access to Diverse Terpenoids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8742-8754. [PMID: 34128666 PMCID: PMC8901105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient method for the deconjugative α-alkylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes promoted by a synergistic effect between tBuOK and NaH, which considerably increases the reaction rate under mild conditions, is reported. The β,γ-unsaturated aldehyde, resulting from the α-alkylation, is transformed in high yield into the corresponding allyl acetate via a lead(IV) acetate-mediated oxidative fragmentation. This strategy could be used for the construction of the carbon skeleton of a wide variety of alkyl or arylterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Botubol-Ares
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre Sur, 4a planta, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Jesús Durán-Peña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre Sur, 4a planta, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fermín Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química y Física, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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19
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Reactivity of substrates with multiple competitive reactive sites toward NBS under neat reaction conditions promoted by visible light. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRegioselectivity of visible-light-induced transformations of a range of (hetero)aryl alkyl-substituted ketones bearing several competitive reactive sites (α-carbonyl, benzyl and aromatic ring) with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was studied under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC) and in the absence of inert-gas atmosphere, radical initiators and catalysts. An 8-W energy-saving household lamp was used for irradiation. Heterogeneous reaction conditions were dealt with throughout the study. All substrates were mono- or dibrominated at the α-carbonyl position, and additionally, some benzylic or aromatic bromination was observed in substrates with benzylic carbon atoms or electron-donating methoxy groups, respectively. Surprisingly, ipso-substitution of the acyl group with a bromine atom took place with (4-methoxynaphthyl) alkyl ketones. While the addition of the radical scavenger TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy) decreased the extent of α- and ring bromination, it completely suppressed the benzylic bromination and α,α-dibromination with NBS under SFRC.
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20
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Yang L, Tan D, Fan W, Liu X, Wu J, Huang Z, Li Q, Wang H. Photochemical Radical C–H Halogenation of Benzyl N‐Methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) Boronates: Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Alkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dong‐Hang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wen‐Xin Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jia‐Qiang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhi‐Shu Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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21
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Waterford M, Saubern S, Hornung CH. Evaluation of a Continuous-Flow Photo-Bromination Using N-Bromosuccinimide for Use in Chemical Manufacture. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A continuous-flow photo-bromination reaction on benzyl and phenyl groups was conducted using N-bromosuccinimide as the bromine source inside a preparatory-scale glass plate reactor. This flow reactor system was capable of independently controlling light intensity, wavelength, and reaction temperature, hence exerting an exceptional level of control over the reaction. A short optimisation study for the synthesis of 2-bromomethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester resulted in best conditions of 20°C and 10min residence time using an LED (light-emitting diode) array at 405nm and acetonitrile as the solvent. The present study evaluates the potential for this easy-to-handle bromination system to be scaled up for chemical manufacture inside a continuous-flow glass plate reactor. The combination with an in-line continuous flow liquid–liquid extraction and separation system, using a membrane separator, demonstrates the potential for continuous flow reaction with purification in an integrated multi-stage operation with minimal manual handling in between.
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22
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Lin X, Fang C, Huang X, Xiao X. 1,1,2-Tribromoethyl arenes: novel and highly efficient precursors for the synthesis of 1-bromoalkynes and α-bromoketones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel tribromination method to prepare versatile intermediate 1,1,2-tribromoethyl arenes, which can not only be transformed to synthetically valuable 1-bromoalkynes via elimination but also be hydrolyzed to a variety of α-bromoketones, was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Chengtao Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua
- China
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23
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Yang L, Tan D, Fan W, Liu X, Wu J, Huang Z, Li Q, Wang H. Photochemical Radical C–H Halogenation of Benzyl N‐Methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) Boronates: Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Alkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3454-3458. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dong‐Hang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wen‐Xin Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xu‐Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jia‐Qiang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhi‐Shu Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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24
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Zardi P, Maggini M, Carofiglio T. Achieving selectivity in porphyrin bromination through a DoE-driven optimization under continuous flow conditions. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe post-functionalization of porphyrins through the bromination in β position of the pyrrolic rings is a relevant transformation because the resulting bromoderivatives are useful synthons to covalently link a variety of chemical architectures to a porphyrin ring. However, single bromination of porphyrins is a challenging reaction for the abundancy of reactive β-pyrrolic positions in the aromatic macrocycle. We herein report a synthetic procedure for the efficient preparation of 2-bromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (1) under continuous flow conditions. The use of flow technology allows to reach an accurate control over critical reaction parameters such as temperature and reaction time. Furthermore, by performing the optimization process through a statistical DoE (Design of Experiment) approach, these parameters could be properly adjusted with a limited number of experiments. This process led us to a better understanding of the relevant factors that govern porphyrins monobromination and to obtain compound 1 with an unprecedent 80% yield.
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25
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Sachse F, Gebauer K, Schneider C. Continuous Flow Synthesis of 2
H
‐Thiopyrans via
thia
‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Photochemically Generated Thioaldehydes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sachse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Konrad Gebauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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26
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Zhou J, Chen Z, He Y, Lin Z, Wang C, Li Z, Li J. Efficient scale up of photochemical bromination of conjugated allylic compounds in continuous-flow. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Steiner A, Roth PMC, Strauss FJ, Gauron G, Tekautz G, Winter M, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Multikilogram per Hour Continuous Photochemical Benzylic Brominations Applying a Smart Dimensioning Scale-up Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Steiner
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philippe M. C. Roth
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Franz J. Strauss
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Guillaume Gauron
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Günter Tekautz
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Marc Winter
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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28
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Flow Chemistry in Contemporary Chemical Sciences: A Real Variety of Its Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061434. [PMID: 32245225 PMCID: PMC7146634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry is an area of contemporary chemistry exploiting the hydrodynamic conditions of flowing liquids to provide particular environments for chemical reactions. These particular conditions of enhanced and strictly regulated transport of reagents, improved interface contacts, intensification of heat transfer, and safe operation with hazardous chemicals can be utilized in chemical synthesis, both for mechanization and automation of analytical procedures, and for the investigation of the kinetics of ultrafast reactions. Such methods are developed for more than half a century. In the field of chemical synthesis, they are used mostly in pharmaceutical chemistry for efficient syntheses of small amounts of active substances. In analytical chemistry, flow measuring systems are designed for environmental applications and industrial monitoring, as well as medical and pharmaceutical analysis, providing essential enhancement of the yield of analyses and precision of analytical determinations. The main concept of this review is to show the overlapping of development trends in the design of instrumentation and various ways of the utilization of specificity of chemical operations under flow conditions, especially for synthetic and analytical purposes, with a simultaneous presentation of the still rather limited correspondence between these two main areas of flow chemistry.
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29
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Govaerts S, Nyuchev A, Noel T. Pushing the boundaries of C–H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC–H functionalization chemistry is one of the most vibrant research areas within synthetic organic chemistry. While most researchers focus on the development of small-scale batch-type transformations, more recently such transformations have been carried out in flow reactors to explore new chemical space, to boost reactivity or to enable scalability of this important reaction class. Herein, an up-to-date overview of C–H bond functionalization reactions carried out in continuous-flow microreactors is presented. A comprehensive overview of reactions which establish the formal conversion of a C–H bond into carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds is provided; this includes metal-assisted C–H bond cleavages, hydrogen atom transfer reactions and C–H bond functionalizations which involve an SE-type process to aromatic or olefinic systems. Particular focus is devoted to showcase the advantages of flow processing to enhance C–H bond functionalization chemistry. Consequently, it is our hope that this review will serve as a guide to inspire researchers to push the boundaries of C–H functionalization chemistry using flow technology.
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30
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Shu Q, Li Y, Liu T, Zhang S, Jiang L, Jin K, Zhang R, Duan C. Visible light induced regioselective C5 halogenation of 8-aminoquinolines with 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in continuous flow. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Liang S, Kumon T, Angnes RA, Sanchez M, Xu B, Hammond GB. Synthesis of Alkyl Halides from Aldehydes via Deformylative Halogenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:3848-3854. [PMID: 31050440 PMCID: PMC6525078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented deformylative halogenation of aldehydes to alkyl halides is presented. Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP), derived from an aldehyde, generated a C(sp3)- radical that coupled with a halogen radical that was generated from inexpensive and atom-economical halogen sources (NaBr, NaI, or HCl), to yield an alkyl halide. Because of the mild conditions, a wide range of functional groups were tolerated, and excellent site selectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Tatsuya Kumon
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ricardo A. Angnes
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas - Unicamp C.P. 6154, CEP.13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- California State University Fresno, 2555 East San Ramon Avenue M/S SB70, Fresno, California 93740, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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32
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Gaspa S, Carraro M, Pisano L, Porcheddu A, De Luca L. Trichloroisocyanuric Acid: a Versatile and Efficient Chlorinating and Oxidizing Reagent. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli Studi di Cagliari; Cittadella Universitaria 09042 Monserrato Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
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33
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Bogdan AR, Dombrowski AW. Emerging Trends in Flow Chemistry and Applications to the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6422-6468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Bogdan
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc. 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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34
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Yamashita T, Nishikawa H, Kawamoto T. Scale-up synthesis of a deuterium-labeled cis-cyclobutane-1,3-Dicarboxylic acid derivative using continuous photo flow chemistry. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Otake Y, Williams JD, Rincón JA, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Kappe CO. Photochemical benzylic bromination in continuous flow using BrCCl3 and its application to telescoped p-methoxybenzyl protection. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1384-1388. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical benzylic bromination in flow using BrCCl3, which is compatible with electron-rich aromatics, allowing in situ p-methoxybenzyl bromide formation and PMB-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Otake
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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36
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37
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Ni S, El Remaily MAEAAA, Franzén J. Carbocation Catalyzed Bromination of Alkyl Arenes, a Chemoselective
sp
3
vs. sp
2
C−H functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El Remaily
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSohag University 82524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Johan Franzén
- KTH, Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry/Division of Organic Chemistry Teknikringen 30 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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38
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Chen Y, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Rincon JA, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Continuous Flow Photochemical Benzylic Bromination of a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of a 2‐Oxazolidinone. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Rincon
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S. A. Avda. de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid Spain
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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39
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Baker JR, Gilbert J, Paula S, Zhu X, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. Dichlorophenylacrylonitriles as AhR Ligands That Display Selective Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity in vitro. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1447-1458. [PMID: 29771007 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation of 3,4-dichloro- and 2,6-dichlorophenylacetonitriles gave a library of dichlorophenylacrylonitriles. Our leads (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (5) and (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (6) displayed 0.56±0.03 and 0.127±0.04 μm growth inhibition (GI50 ) and 260-fold selectivity for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A 2,6-dichlorophenyl moiety saw a 10-fold decrease in potency; additional nitrogen moieties (-NO2 ) enhanced activity (Z)-2-(2,6-dichloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (26) and (Z)-2-(2,6-dichloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)acrylonitrile (27), with the corresponding -NH2 analogues (Z)-2-(3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-aminophenyl)acrylonitrile (29) and (Z)-2-(3-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-aminophenyl)acrylonitrile (30) being more potent. Despite this, both 29 (2.8±0.03 μm) and 30 (2.8±0.03 μm) were found to be 10-fold less cytotoxic than 6. A bromine moiety effected a 3-fold enhancement in solubility with (Z)-3-(5-bromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylonitrile 18 relative to 5 at 211 μg mL-1 . Modeling-guided synthesis saw the introduction of 4-aminophenyl substituents (Z)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylonitrile (35) and (Z)-N-(4-(2-cyano-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)acetamide (38), with respective GI50 values of 0.030±0.014 and 0.034±0.01 μm. Other analogues such as 35 and 36 were found to have sub-micromolar potency against our panel of cancer cell lines (HT29, colon; U87 and SJ-G2, glioblastoma; A2780, ovarian; H460, lung; A431, skin; Du145, prostate; BE2-C, neuroblastoma; MIA, pancreas; and SMA, murine glioblastoma), except compound 38 against the U87 cell line. A more extensive evaluation of 38 ((Z)-N-(4-(2-cyano-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)acetamide) in a panel of drug-resistant breast carcinoma cell lines showed 10-206 nm potency against MDAMB468, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3, and BT474. Molecular Operating Environment docking scores showed a good correlation between predicted binding efficiencies and observed MCF-7 cytotoxicity. This supports the use of this model in the development of breast-cancer-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jayne Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Stefan Paula
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Research Computing, Information Technology at Purdue (ITaP), Purdue University, 155 South Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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40
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Bonfield HE, Williams JD, Ooi WX, Leach SG, Kerr WJ, Edwards LJ. A Detailed Study of Irradiation Requirements Towards an Efficient Photochemical Wohl‐Ziegler Procedure in Flow. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Bonfield
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Jason D. Williams
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Wei Xiang Ooi
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Stuart G. Leach
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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41
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Szymborski T, Jankowski P, Ogończyk D, Garstecki P. An FEP Microfluidic Reactor for Photochemical Reactions. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E156. [PMID: 30424090 PMCID: PMC6187735 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic syntheses based on photochemical reactions play an important role in the medical, pharmaceutical, and polymeric chemistry. For years, photochemistry was performed using high-pressure mercury lamps and immersion-wells. However, due to excellent yield, control of temperature, selectivity, low consumption of reagents and safety, the microreactors made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tubings have recently been used more frequently. Fluoropolymers are the material of choice for many types of syntheses due to their chemical compatibility and low surface energy. The use of tubing restricts the freedom in designing 2D and 3D geometries of the sections of the microreactors, mixing sections, etc., that are easily achievable in the format of a planar chip. A chip microreactor made of FEP is impracticable to develop due to its high chemical inertness and high melting temperature, both of which make it difficult (or impossible) to bond two plates of polymer. Here, we demonstrate a 'click' system, where the two plates of FEP are joined together mechanically using a tenon and a mortise. The concept was presented by us previously for a preparation polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microreactor (Szymborski et al. Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 2017, doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.035). Here, we use the same strategy for FEP plates, test the use of the chips in photochemistry and also describe a custom-designed non-transparent polyethylene (PE) mask-holder with a circular opening to guide and focus the ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The solutions that we describe offer tight microreactor chips, preventing any leakage either of the liquid reagents or of UV light outside the reactor. This allows for conducting photochemical synthesis without a fume hood and without special protection against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Paweł Jankowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Ogończyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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42
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Clark CA, Lee DS, Pickering SJ, Poliakoff M, George MW. UV PhotoVap: Demonstrating How a Simple and Versatile Reactor Based on a Conventional Rotary Evaporator Can Be Used for UV Photochemistry. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael W. George
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
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43
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Zieliński GK, Majtczak J, Gutowski M, Grela K. A Selective and Functional Group-Tolerant Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis/Transfer Hydrogenation Tandem Sequence Using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Source. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2542-2553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz K. Zieliński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosława Majtczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gutowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Lu Q, Cembellín S, Greßies S, Singha S, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Manganese(I)-Catalyzed C−H (2-Indolyl)methylation: Expedient Access to Diheteroarylmethanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1399-1403. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Lu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sara Cembellín
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Steffen Greßies
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Santanu Singha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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45
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Lu Q, Cembellín S, Greßies S, Singha S, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Mangan(I)-katalysierte C-H-(2-Indolyl)methylierung: ein einfacher Zugang zu Diheteroarylmethan-Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Lu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Sara Cembellín
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Steffen Greßies
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Santanu Singha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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46
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Mechanistic study on iodine-catalyzed aromatic bromination of aryl ethers by N -Bromosuccinimide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Solubility and dissolution thermodynamic properties of 2-Cyano-4′-methylbiphenyl in binary solvent mixtures. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Vasilopoulos A, Zultanski SL, Stahl SS. Feedstocks to Pharmacophores: Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Inexpensive Alkylarenes Enabling Direct Access to Diarylalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7705-7708. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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49
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Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Halogenation of organic compounds using continuous flow and microreactor technology. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halogenation reactions involving highly reactive halogenating agents can be performed safely and with improved efficiency and selectivity under continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- Graz
- Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- Graz
- Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)
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50
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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