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Nguyen KU, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang R, Jin X, Taniguchi M, Miller ES, Lindsey JS. Tolyporphins-Exotic Tetrapyrrole Pigments in a Cyanobacterium-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6132. [PMID: 37630384 PMCID: PMC10459692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolyporphins were discovered some 30 years ago as part of a global search for antineoplastic compounds from cyanobacteria. To date, the culture HT-58-2, comprised of a cyanobacterium-microbial consortium, is the sole known producer of tolyporphins. Eighteen tolyporphins are now known-each is a free base tetrapyrrole macrocycle with a dioxobacteriochlorin (14), oxochlorin (3), or porphyrin (1) chromophore. Each compound displays two, three, or four open β-pyrrole positions and two, one, or zero appended C-glycoside (or -OH or -OAc) groups, respectively; the appended groups form part of a geminal disubstitution motif flanking the oxo moiety in the pyrroline ring. The distinct structures and repertoire of tolyporphins stand alone in the large pigments-of-life family. Efforts to understand the cyanobacterial origin, biosynthetic pathways, structural diversity, physiological roles, and potential pharmacological properties of tolyporphins have attracted a broad spectrum of researchers from diverse scientific areas. The identification of putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the HT-58-2 cyanobacterial genome and accompanying studies suggest a new biosynthetic paradigm in the tetrapyrrole arena. The present review provides a comprehensive treatment of the rich science concerning tolyporphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Xiaohe Jin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Eric S. Miller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA;
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
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Dihydrooxazine Byproduct of a McMurry–Melton Reaction en Route to a Synthetic Bacteriochlorin. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route to gem-dimethyl-substituted bacteriochlorins—models of native bacteriochlorophylls—relies on the formation of a dihydrodipyrrin precursor via a series of established reactions: van Leusen pyrrole formation, Vilsmeier formylation, Henry reaction, borohydride reduction, Michael addition, and McMurry–Melton pyrroline formation. The latter is the least known of the series. Here, the McMurry–Melton reaction of a 2-(6-oxo-2-nitrohexyl)pyrrole in the presence of TiCl3 and an ammonium acetate buffer formed the expected Δ1-pyrroline, as well as an unexpected polar, cyclic byproduct (a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazin-6-ol), each attached to the 2-methylpyrrole unit. Both species were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The McMurry–Melton reaction is a type of intercepted Nef reaction (the transformation of a nitroalkyl motif into a carbonyl group), where both the Δ1-pyrroline and the dihydrooxazine derive from the reaction of the nitrogen derived from the nitro group upon complete or partial reductive deoxygenation, respectively, with the γ-keto group. The report also considers competing Nef and McMurry–Melton reactions, the nature of available TiCl3 reagents, and the use of ammonium acetate for buffering the TiCl3/HCl reagent.
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De Novo Synthesis of Bacteriochlorins Bearing Four Trideuteriomethyl Groups. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific introduction of isotopes in tetrapyrrole macrocycles provides the foundation for probing physicochemical features germane to photosynthetic energy-transduction processes, but has chiefly been done with porphyrins rather than the more biologically relevant hydroporphyrin analogues of native photosynthetic pigments. A prior study incorporated pairwise 13C or 15N atoms in the skeleton of a bacteriochlorin containing a gem-dimethyl group in each pyrroline ring. Here, a complementary effort is reported that installs deuterium atoms in substituents at the perimeter of a bacteriochlorin. Thus, perdeuteriated 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione was converted in an 8-step synthesis via the intermediacy of tert-butyl 5-formyl-3,4-bis(trideuteriomethyl)pyrrole-2-carboxylate to the 2,3,12,13-tetrakis(trideuteriomethyl)-8,8,18,18-tetramethylbacteriochlorin (BC-2). The fidelity of isotope substitution was maintained throughout the synthesis. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of the copper chelate (CuBC-2) revealed that addition of the four β-pyrrolic substituents alone is not sufficient to account for the vibronic complexity observed for the copper chelate of bacteriochlorophyll a (CuBChl a). The increased vibronic activity exhibited by the natural pigments and CuBChl a must arise from the increased structural complexity of the macrocycle.
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Karmakar A, Paul A, Santos PMR, Santos IRM, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL. Designing and Construction of Polyaromatic Group Containing Cd(II)-based Coordination Polymers for Solvent-free Strecker-type Cyanation of Acetals. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we have synthesized and characterized two novel Cd(II) coordination polymers, [Cd4(L1)4(DMF)6]n.3n(DMF) (1) and [Cd2(L2)2(DMF)3]n.2n(DMF) (2), and studied their catalytic application. They were synthesized via solvothermal reaction...
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Chung DTM, Tran PV, Chau Nguyen K, Wang P, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of model bacteriochlorophylls containing substituents of native rings A, C and E. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An established route to the bacteriochlorophyll skeleton from two dihydrodipyrrin halves has been extended to accommodate several substituents characteristic of the native bacteriochlorophyll a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T. M. Chung
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Phuong Vy Tran
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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Chakraborty S, Tsai MC, Su XD, Chen XC, Su TT, Tsao CK, Lin CY. Synthesis, properties and photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells of three meso-diphenylbacteriochlorins bearing a dual-function electron-donor. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6172-6178. [PMID: 35496021 PMCID: PMC9049636 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriochlorins are crucial to photosynthesis in bacteria. Studies of air-stable, meso-substituted bacteriochlorins are rare. We herein report the synthesis, properties, and photovoltaic performance of three new air-stable, meso-substituted bacteriochlorins bearing a dioctylfluorenylethyne (denoted as LS-17), a dioctylaminophenylethynylanthrylethyne (LS-43), and a diarylaminoanthrylethyne (LS-45) as the electron-donating groups. Among these LS-bacteriochlorins, LS-17 displays sharp UV-visible absorption bands whereas LS-43 and LS-45 give rise to broadened and red-shifted absorptions. Electrochemical and DFT results suggest that the first oxidation and reduction reactions of these bacteriochlorins are consistent with the formation of the cation and anion radicals, respectively. For dye-sensitized solar cell applications, photovoltaic performance of the LS-45 cell achieves an overall efficiency of 6.04% under one-sun irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Xin-De Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Xuan-Cheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Tang-Ting Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
| | - Ching-Yao Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University No. 302 University Road, Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan Republic of China +886-49-2917956 +886-49-2910960 ext. 4152
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Li H, Pan H, Meng X, Zhang X. Unique chemoselective Strecker-type reaction of acetals with TMSCN catalyzed by MgI 2 etherate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1711413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Haokun Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Lindsey JS. Total synthesis campaigns toward chlorophylls and related natural hydroporphyrins - diverse macrocycles, unrealized opportunities. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:879-901. [PMID: 29845995 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls and related hydroporphyrins constitute invaluable natural products but have largely remained outside the scope of viable syntheses. The campaign toward chlorophyll a by Woodward and coworkers is a deservedly celebrated landmark in organic synthesis yet the route entailed 49 steps, relied on semisynthetic replenishment of advanced intermediates, and then pointed to (but did not implement) uncertain literature procedures for the final transformations. Indeed, the full synthesis at any scale of any (bacterio)chlorophylls - conversion of small-molecule starting materials to the product - has never been accomplished. Herein, the reported syntheses of (±)-bonellin dimethyl ester (0.93 mg) and tolyporphin A O,O-diacetate (0.38 mg), as well as the never-fully traversed route to chlorophyll a, have been evaluated in a quantitative manner. Bonellin and tolyporphin A are naturally occurring chlorin and bacteriochlorin macrocycles, respectively, that lack the characteristic fifth ring of (bacterio)chlorophylls. A practical assessment is provided by the cumulative reaction mass efficiency (cRME) of the entire synthetic process. The cRME for the route to chlorophyll a would be 4.3 × 10-9 (230 kg of all reactants and reagents in total would yield 1.0 mg of chlorophyll a), whereas that for (±)-bonellin dimethyl ester or tolyporphin A O,O-diacetate is approximately 6.4 × 10-4 or 3.6 × 10-5, respectively. Comparison of the three syntheses reveals insights for designing hydroporphyrin syntheses. Development of syntheses with cRME > 10-5 (if not 10-4), as required to obtain 10 mg quantities of hydroporphyrin for diverse physicochemical, biochemical and medicinal chemistry studies, necessitates significant further advances in tetrapyrrole chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8294, USA.
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Tu Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Zhao B, Lai L, Yang Q, Zheng P, Zhu W. Discovery of novel quinazoline derivatives bearing semicarbazone moiety as potent EGFR kinase inhibitors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:462-478. [PMID: 30455856 PMCID: PMC6232652 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aimed at discovering effective EGFR inhibitors, six series of quinazoline derivatives bearing a semicarbazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated in different cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MCF-7 and PC-3). Most of the selected compounds showed remarkable cytotoxicity with IC50 values reaching the nanomole range. Further, the inhibition efficacy of 11 compounds against EGFR kinases was tested, which demonstrated excellent IC50 values in nanomolar level. Importantly, 2 compounds exhibited IC50 values of 0.05 nM and 0.1 nM against wild type EGFR respectively, suggesting more potent activities than that of the positive control, Afatinib (4.0 nM). Excitingly, 2 compounds showed excellent enzyme inhibitory activity with 8.6 nM and 5.6 nM for double T790 M/L858R mutant EGFRs, which is almost the same as Afatinib (3.8 nM). Structure–activity relationships (SARs) analysis indicated that the type of small molecule amine in pyrrole moiety or the chain length of pyrrolamine moiety had no obvious impact on the inhibition efficacy of our synthesized compounds against cancer cells. In addition, results of cell cycle analysis indicated that the G2/M phase of A549 cells was efficiently arrested by the selected compounds. These preliminary results demonstrate that 2 compounds may be promising lead compound-targeting EGFR. Six series of quinazoline derivatives bearing semicarbazone moiety were designed and synthesized. Most of the selected compounds showed excellent cytotoxicity activity with the IC50 values. Compound 2 exhibits excellent kinase inhibitory activity against EGFR WT and EGFR T790M/L858R. AO staining, cell cycle analysis and docking study were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Tu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Caolin Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Luogen Lai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
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Laha JK, Sharma S, Kirar S, Banerjee UC. Design, Sustainable Synthesis, and Programmed Reactions of Templated N-Heteroaryl-Fused Vinyl Sultams. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9350-9359. [PMID: 28825838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A de novo design and synthesis of N-heteroaryl-fused vinyl sultams as templates for programming chemical reactions on vinyl sultam periphery or (hetero)aryl ring is described. The key features include rational designing and sustainable synthesis of the template, customized reactions of vinyl sultams at C═C bond or involving N-S bond cleavage, and reactions on the periphery of the heteroaryl ring for late-stage diversification. The simple, easy access to the template coupled with opportunities for the synthesis of diversely functionalized heterocyles from a single template constitutes a rare study in contemporary organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shubhra Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Seema Kirar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Uttam C Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8294, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8294, United States
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12
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High JS, Virgil KA, Jakubikova E. Electronic Structure and Absorption Properties of Strongly Coupled Porphyrin–Perylene Arrays. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9879-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judah S. High
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kyle A. Virgil
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Ballini R, Petrini M. The Nitro to Carbonyl Conversion (Nef Reaction): New Perspectives for a Classical Transformation. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis of gem-dialkyl chlorophyll analogues for probing and emulating our green world. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6534-620. [PMID: 26068531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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15
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Chen X, Xie Y, Xiao X, Li G, Deng Y, Jiang H, Zeng W. Rh(iii)-catalyzed chelation-assisted intermolecular carbenoid functionalization of α-imino Csp3–H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15328-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A Rh(iii)-catalyzed cross-coupling/cyclization cascade of α-imino Csp3–H bonds with donor/acceptor α-acyl diazocarbonyl compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xinsheng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Analysis and Testing Center
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Yuanfu Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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Tang J, Yue JJ, Tao FF, Grampp G, Wang BX, Li F, Liang XZ, Shen YM, Xu JH. A Three-Component Reaction by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Mechanism with N-Protected Pyrroles as Neutral Carbon Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7572-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5013114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Jia-Jun Yue
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guenter Grampp
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9/Z2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bing-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Fang Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Liang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Chen CY, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. NMR spectral properties of 16 synthetic bacteriochlorins with site-specific 13C or 15N substitution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1 H , 13 C , and 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral properties have been examined of a family of synthetic bacteriochlorins wherein each member incorporates a pair of 13 C or 15 N atoms. The atom locations span the inner core of the macrocycle: (1) 15 N at the 21,23- or 22,24-positions; (2) 13 C at the meso- (5,15- or 10,20-) positions; (3) 13 C at the pyrrole α-positions (1,11- or 4,14-positions); and (4) 13 C at the pyrroline α-positions (6,16- or 9,19-positions). Each bacteriochlorin lacks peripheral substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group at the 8- and 18-positions to preclude adventitious dehydrogenation. In total, eight free base and eight zinc bacteriochlorin isotopologs were examined to directly assign 1 H , 13 C and 15 N resonances of the macrocycle skeleton. Complete and unambiguous assignments, including those for all tertiary and quaternary carbons, were accomplished chiefly by direct inspection of 1D NMR spectra of each isotopolog. Coupling constants (1 H –1 H , 13 C –1 H , 15 N –1 H , 13 C –13 C and 15 N –13 C ), which are rarely reported for tetrapyrroles, also were extracted. The 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts were then compared to those of unsaturated analogs (chlorin, porphyrin) and natural bacteriochlorophylls. The comprehensive set of NMR spectroscopic properties of sparsely substituted bacteriochlorins provides valuable information for understanding substitution effects and aromaticity in structurally more elaborate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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Harris MA, Jiang J, Niedzwiedzki DM, Jiao J, Taniguchi M, Kirmaier C, Loach PA, Bocian DF, Lindsey JS, Holten D, Parkes-Loach PS. Versatile design of biohybrid light-harvesting architectures to tune location, density, and spectral coverage of attached synthetic chromophores for enhanced energy capture. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 121:35-48. [PMID: 24604033 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid antennas built upon chromophore-polypeptide conjugates show promise for the design of efficient light-capturing modules for specific purposes. Three new designs, each of which employs analogs of the β-polypeptide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, have been investigated. In the first design, amino acids at seven different positions on the polypeptide were individually substituted with cysteine, to which a synthetic chromophore (bacteriochlorin or Oregon Green) was covalently attached. The polypeptide positions are at -2, -6, -10, -14, -17, -21, and -34 relative to the 0-position of the histidine that coordinates bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a). All chromophore-polypeptides readily formed LH1-type complexes upon combination with the α-polypeptide and BChl a. Efficient energy transfer occurs from the attached chromophore to the circular array of 875 nm absorbing BChl a molecules (denoted B875). In the second design, use of two attachment sites (positions -10 and -21) on the polypeptide affords (1) double the density of chromophores per polypeptide and (2) a highly efficient energy-transfer relay from the chromophore at -21 to that at -10 and on to B875. In the third design, three spectrally distinct bacteriochlorin-polypeptides were prepared (each attached to cysteine at the -14 position) and combined in an ~1:1:1 mixture to form a heterogeneous mixture of LH1-type complexes with increased solar coverage and nearly quantitative energy transfer from each bacteriochlorin to B875. Collectively, the results illustrate the great latitude of the biohybrid approach for the design of diverse light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4889, USA
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Diers JR, Tang Q, Hondros CJ, Chen CY, Holten D, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF. Vibronic Characteristics and Spin-Density Distributions in Bacteriochlorins as Revealed by Spectroscopic Studies of 16 Isotopologues. Implications for Energy- and Electron-Transfer in Natural Photosynthesis and Artificial Solar-Energy Conversion. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:7520-7532. [DOI: 10.1021/jp504286w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Diers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Qun Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Christopher J. Hondros
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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