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Chen P, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai S, Wu Q, Cheng X, Cao P, Qi X. Total syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:679. [PMID: 38263179 PMCID: PMC10806222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable asymmetric syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin from the abundant chemical feedstock furfuryl alcohol. The optically pure cyclohexane skeleton is assembled via a stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction. The dense heteroatom substituents are established sequentially by a series of functional group interconversions on highly oxygenated cyclohexane frameworks, including a chemoselective cyclic anhydride opening, and a decarboxylative hydroxylation. An innovative SmI2-mediated concurrent fragmentation, an oxo-bridge ring opening and ester reduction followed by an Upjohn dihydroxylation deliver the highly oxidized skeleton. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkyne cleavage and formation of the hemiaminal and orthoester under acidic conditions enable the rapid assembly of Tetrodotoxin, anhydro-Tetrodotoxin, 9-epiTetrodotoxin, and 9-epi lactone-Tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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2
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Konrad DB, Rühmann KP, Ando H, Hetzler BE, Strassner N, Houk KN, Matsuura BS, Trauner D. A concise synthesis of tetrodotoxin. Science 2022; 377:411-415. [PMID: 35862530 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxic natural product that is an indispensable probe in neuroscience, a biosynthetic and ecological enigma, and a celebrated target of synthetic chemistry. Here, we present a stereoselective synthesis of TTX that proceeds in 22 steps from a glucose derivative. The central cyclohexane ring of TTX and its α-tertiary amine moiety were established by the intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide, followed by alkynyl addition to the resultant isoxazoline. A ruthenium-catalyzed hydroxylactonization set the stage for the formation of the dioxa-adamantane core. Installation of the guanidine, oxidation of a primary alcohol, and a late-stage epimerization gave a mixture of TTX and anhydro-TTX. This synthetic approach could give ready access to biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Konrad
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Rühmann
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Ando
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences and Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Belinda E Hetzler
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nina Strassner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Makarova M, Rycek L, Hajicek J, Baidilov D, Hudlicky T. Tetrodotoxin: Geschichte, Biologie und Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Makarova
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hajicek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daler Baidilov
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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Makarova M, Rycek L, Hajicek J, Baidilov D, Hudlicky T. Tetrodotoxin: History, Biology, and Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18338-18387. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Makarova
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Lukas Rycek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hajicek
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Hlavova 8 12843 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daler Baidilov
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Chemistry Department and Centre for BiotechnologyBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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Xu S, Ciufolini MA. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Tetrodotoxin via the Oxidative Amidation of a Phenol: On the Structure of the Sato Lactone. Org Lett 2015; 17:2424-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Lago-Santomé H, Martínez-Bescos P, Fernández-González M, Ozores-Viturro L, Cagide-Fagín F, Alonso R. β-Aryl-α-nitro-α,β-enals as Heterodienes and Dienophiles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8645-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501418u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lago-Santomé
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Bescos
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-González
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lidia Ozores-Viturro
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fernando Cagide-Fagín
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ricardo Alonso
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
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Sinha SB, Campos J, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Co(ii), a catalyst for selective conversion of phenyl rings to carboxylic acid groups. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the use of Co(ii) in the presence of Oxone to effectively catalyze the conversion of –C6H5 to –COOH groups with a broad substrate scope, selectivity and under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Campos
- Department of Chemistry
- Yale University
- New Haven, USA
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