1
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Yu JW, Zhang CY, Chass GA, Zhang JX, Mu WH, Cao K. Pd-NHC catalysed regioselective activation of B(3,6)-H of o-carborane - a synergy between experiment and theory. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10609-10620. [PMID: 37462420 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective B-H activation of o-carboranes is an effective way for constructing o-carborane derivatives, which have broad applications in medicine, catalysis and the wider chemical industry. However, the mechanistic basis for the observed selectivities remains unresolved. Herein, a series of density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to characterise the palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (Pd-NHC) catalysed regioselective B(3,6)-diarylation of o-carboranes. Computational results at the IDSCRF(ether)-LC-ωPBE/BS1 and IDSCRF(ether)-LC-ωPBE/BS2 levels showed that the reaction undergoes a Pd(0) → Pd(II) → Pd(0) oxidation/reduction cycle, with the regioselective B(3)-H activation being the rate-determining step (RDS) for the full reaction profile. The computed RDS free energy barrier of 24.3 kcal mol-1 agrees well with the 82% yield of B(3,6)-diphenyl-o-carborane in ether solution at 298 K after 24 hours of reaction. The Ag2CO3 additive was shown to play a crucial role in lowering the RDS free energy barrier and facilitating the reaction. Natural charge population (NPA) and molecular surface electrostatic potential (ESP) analyses successfully predicted the experimentally observed regioselectivities, with electronic effects being revealed to be the dominant contributors to product selectivity. Steric hindrance was also shown to impact the reaction rate, as revealed by experimental and computational characterisation studies of substituents and ligand effects. Furthermore, computational predictions aligned with the experimental findings that NHC ligands outperform the phosphine ones for this particular reaction. Overall, the observed trends reported in this work are expected to assist in the rational optimisation of the efficiency and regioselectivity of this and related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Cai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Gregory A Chass
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China.
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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2
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Xu M, Xia Y. Mechanistic Understanding of Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C—H Activation/Annulation Reactions of N-Phenoxyacetamides and Methyleneoxetanones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Theoretical investigation on the mechanism of rhodium-catalyzed C-H dienylation of acetanilide with aryl allene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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4
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Zhang J, Han L, Bi S, Liu T. Distinct Roles of Ag(I) and Cu(II) as Cocatalysts in Achieving Positional-Selective C-H Alkenylation of Isoxazoles: A Theoretical Investigation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8387-8396. [PMID: 32490669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For C-H alkenylation of aryl-substituted diarylisoxazoles, one mode is N-directed C-H alkenylation and the other is C-H alkenylation in the isoxazole ring. In this study, selective C-H alkenylations of 3,5-diarylisoxazoles have been investigated theoretically with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. With Cp*RhIII as the catalyst, the N-directed C-H alkenylation is preferred as a result of the stronger interaction energy caused by the nitrogen-directing effect. With Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and Ag2CO3 as the cocatalyst, their combination switches the regioselectivity to the C-H alkenylation in the isoxazole ring. The strong structural distortion involved in the competing N-directed olefin insertion transition state was found to suppress N-directed C-H alkenylation. With Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and Cu(OTf)2 as the cocatalyst, the N-directed C-H alkenylation becomes preferred due to the strong coordination of the nitrogen atom to the copper center. In particular, the structural and mechanistic information involved in the above two heterodimetallic Pd/Ag and Pd/Cu catalytic systems will help toward understanding and designing novel relevant heterodimetallic-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Lingli Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
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5
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Li Y, Chen H, Qu LB, Houk KN, Lan Y. Origin of Regiochemical Control in Rh(III)/Rh(V)-Catalyzed Reactions of Unsaturated Oximes and Alkenes to Form Pyrdines. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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6
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Chang H, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zhu D, Wang J. The DFT study on Rh–C bond dissociation enthalpies of (iminoacyl)rhodium(III)hydride and (iminoacyl)rhodium(III)alkyl. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Xie P, Jia M, Xu XH, Chen F, Xia Y. Mechanistic DFT Study on Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Double C−H Activation for Oxidative Annulations of 2-Substituted Imidazoles and Alkynes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Xiao-Hua Xu
- College of Mathematics, Physics and Electronic Information Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Fan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 China
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8
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Xie P, Guo W, Chen D, Xia Y. Multiple pathways for C–H cleavage in cationic Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation without carboxylate assistance: a computational study. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pathways for C–H cleavage was uncovered in cationic Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization with different heteroatom-containing species as possible proton acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Dimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
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9
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Wang H, Liu C, Zhang D. Mechanistic study on the Rh(III)-catalyzed synthesis of indolines via selective O-atom transfer of arylnitrones: Origins of the regioselectivity and the improved yield with pivalic acid additive. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Liu S, Qi X, Qu LB, Bai R, Lan Y. C–H bond cleavage occurring on a Rh(v) intermediate: a theoretical study of Rh-catalyzed arene azidation. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our theoretical calculations indicated that the oxidation of Rh(iii) to Rh(v) by PhI(OAc)OTs is a facile process. Subsequent electrophilic deprotonation was shown to occur from a Rh(v) intermediate rather than a Rh(iii) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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11
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Yuan H, Xiao P, Zheng Y, Zhang J. DFT studies on the mechanism of Ag2
CO3
-catalyzed hydroazidation of unactivated terminal alkynes with TMS-N3
: An insight into the silver(I) activation mode. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2289-2297. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Pin Xiao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
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12
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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13
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Zhang T, Qi X, Liu S, Bai R, Liu C, Lan Y. Computational Investigation of the Role Played by Rhodium(V) in the Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed ortho
-Bromination of Arenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:2690-2699. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400030 P.R. China
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14
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Zhang XB, Hu ZY, Zhou GE, Wang S. Theoretical Insights into the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydropyridines from Unsaturated Oximes by Rh III-Catalyzed C-H Activation - A DFT Study. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-E Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; 232001 Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; 130023 Changchun People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen P, Sun Y, Wu Y, Liu LL, Zhu J, Zhao Y. A theoretical study on the mechanism of ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed phosphoryl-directed ortho-selective C–H bond activations: the phosphoryl hydroxy group triggered Ru(ii)/Ru(0) catalytic cycle. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the mechanism of ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed phosphoryl-directed ortho-selective C–H bond activations has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
| | - Yile Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- Xiamen University
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16
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Liang Y, Jiang YY, Liu Y, Bi S. Mechanism of Pd-catalyzed acylation/alkenylation of aryl iodide: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6147-6156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide, benzoic anhydride and ethyl acrylate was clarified by theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
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17
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Jiang YY, Man X, Bi S. Advances in theoretical study on transition-metal-catalyzed C−H activation. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Unoh Y, Yokoyama Y, Satoh T, Hirano K, Miura M. Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo[b]phosphole Derivatives via Direct ortho-Alkenylation and Cyclization of Arylthiophosphinamides. Org Lett 2016; 18:5436-5439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Unoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School
of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Mu WH, Fang DC, Xia SY, Cheng RJ, Chass GA. Multi-Pathway Consequent Chemoselectivities of CpRuCl(PPh 3 ) 2 /MeI-Catalysed Norbornadiene Alkyne Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2016; 22:15396-15403. [PMID: 27620274 PMCID: PMC5082545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselectivities of five experimentally realised CpRuCl(PPh3)2/MeI‐catalysed couplings of 7‐azabenzo‐norbornadienes with selected alkynes were successfully resolved from multiple reaction pathway models. Density functional theory calculations showed the following mechanistic succession to be energetically plausible: (1) CpRuI catalyst activation; (2) formation of crucial metallacyclopentene intermediate; (3) cyclobutene product (P2) elimination (ΔGRel(RDS)≈11.9–17.6 kcal mol−1). Alternative formation of dihydrobenzoindole products (P1) by isomerisation to azametalla‐cyclohexene followed by subsequent CpRuI release was much less favourable (ΔGRel(RDS)≈26.5–29.8 kcal mol−1). Emergent stereoselectivities were in close agreement with experimental results for reactions a, b, e. Consequent investigations employing dispersion corrections similarly support the empirical findings of P1 dominating in reactions c and d through P2→P1 product transformations as being probable (ΔG≈25.3–30.1 kcal mol−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Mu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, NO. 298, Yieryi Street, Kunming, 650092, P. R. China.
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, NO. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ya Xia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, NO. 298, Yieryi Street, Kunming, 650092, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Jiao Cheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, NO. 298, Yieryi Street, Kunming, 650092, P. R. China
| | - Gregory A Chass
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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20
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Lin L, Zhang YY, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Half-sandwich rhodium and iridium metallamacrocycles constructed via C-H activation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7014-21. [PMID: 26988612 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich rhodium and iridium complexes with carboxylic acid ligands were combined with pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) or trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (bpe) to give a series of tetranuclear macrocycles. The metallamacrocycles [(Cp*Rh)4()2(pyrazine)2][OTf]2 (), [(Cp*Rh)4()2(bpy)2][OTf]2 (), [(Cp*Rh)4()2(bpe)2][OTf]4 () and [(Cp*Ir)4()2 (pyrazine)2] () ( = 3-(2-pyridyl)acrylic acid, = 1,4-di(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene) were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, IR and single-crystal X-ray analyses. Due to the different structures of the carboxylate ligands, the complexes , and were synthesized through double-site C-H activation, and complexes were obtained by one-site C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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21
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Wang Q, Li Y, Qi Z, Xie F, Lan Y, Li X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Annulation between N-Sulfinyl Ketoimines and Activated Olefins: C–H Activation Assisted by an Oxidizing N–S Bond. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zisong Qi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Ruan GY, Qi ZH, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang Y. Mechanistic insight into Cu/Ag-cocatalyzed C–H activation of arenes with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible transition states of C–H activation on the dehydrogenate coupling of arenes with alcohols employing Ag(i) additives were investigated using B3LYP density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yu Ruan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
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23
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Liu T, Zheng XW, Han LL, Li YP, Han SM, Yu ZY. Mechanistic insight into the selective cyclization of arylnitrones to indolines via Rh(iii) catalyst: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to understand detailed mechanisms for the Rh(iii)-catalyzed coupling reaction of phenylnitrone with diphenylacetylene in different reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
| | - Ling-Li Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Shu-Min Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Zhang-Yu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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24
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Liu LL, Wu Y, Chen P, Chan C, Xu J, Zhu J, Zhao Y. Mechanism, catalysis and predictions of 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes: theoretical insight into highly polarized P–X bonds. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3,2-Diazaphospholene-based compounds 2 with two electron donor amino groups on the heterocyclic skeleton, featuring an extremely polarized and weak P–X bond (X = H, CCMe, NMe2, PMe2 and SMe), are predicted to have a useful catalytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- China
| | - Yile Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- China
| | - Chinglin Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Ji Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- China
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25
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Unoh Y, Satoh T, Hirano K, Miura M. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Direct Coupling of Arylphosphine Derivatives with Heterobicyclic Alkenes: A Concise Route to Biarylphosphines and Dibenzophosphole Derivatives. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Unoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JST, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JST, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Guo W, Xia Y. Mechanistic Understanding of the Divergent Reactivity of Cyclopropenes in Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Cycloaddition Reactions of N-Phenoxyacetamide and N-Pivaloxybenzamide. J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26218720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were conducted to develop a mechanistic understanding of the Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/cycloaddition reactions of N-phenoxyacetamide and N-pivaloxybenzamide with cyclopropenes, and insights into the substrate-dependent chemoselectivity were provided. The results showed that the divergence originated from the different reactivity of the seven-membered rhodacycles from the insertion of cyclopropene into the Rh-C bond. In reactions of N-pivaloxybenzamide, such an intermediate undergoes the pivalate migration to form a cyclic Rh(V)-nitrenoid intermediate in a reaction that is easier than the opening of the three-membered ring by β-carbon elimination, leading finally to a tricyclic product with retention of the cyclopropane moiety by facile reductive elimination. While similar Rh(V)-nitrenoid species could also be possibly formed in Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed reactions of N-phenoxyacetamide, the β-carbon elimination occurs more easily from the corresponding seven-membered rhodacycle intermediate and the subsequent O-N bond cleavage gives rise to an unexpected dearomatized (E)-6-alkenylcyclohexa-2,4-dienone intermediate. The E/Z isomerization of this intermediate is required for the final cyclization to 2H-chromene, and interesting metal-ligand cooperative catalysis with Rh(III) carboxylate was disclosed in the C═C double bond rotation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China
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27
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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28
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Huang X, Wang M, Wang L, Wang J. How rhodium (III) complexes catalyze alkenylation of C(sp3)–H bond of 8-methyquinolines. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Guo W, Zhou T, Xia Y. Mechanistic Understanding of the Aryl-Dependent Ring Formations in Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Cycloaddition of Benzamides and Methylenecyclopropanes by DFT Calculations. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials
Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials
Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials
Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Li Y, Liu S, Qi Z, Qi X, Li X, Lan Y. The Mechanism of NO Bond Cleavage in Rhodium-Catalyzed CH Bond Functionalization of QuinolineN-oxides with Alkynes: A Computational Study. Chemistry 2015; 21:10131-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Zhou T, Guo W, Xia Y. RhV-Nitrenoid as a Key Intermediate in RhIII-Catalyzed Heterocyclization by CH Activation: A Computational Perspective on the Cycloaddition of Benzamide and Diazo Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:9209-18. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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33
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34
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Computational Studies on Heteroatom-Assisted C–H Activation and Functionalisation at Group 8 and 9 Metal Centres. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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An K, Zhu J. Why Does Activation of the Weaker C═S Bond in CS2 by P/N-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs Require More Energy Than That of the C═O Bond in CO2? A DFT Study. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5009346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke An
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry
of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry
of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Jindal G, Sunoj RB. Importance of Ligand Exchanges in Pd(II)-Brønsted Acid Cooperative Catalytic Approach to Spirocyclic Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15998-6008. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5076629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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37
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Wu Y, Liu LL, Yan K, Xu P, Gao Y, Zhao Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C–P Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Acids with P(O)H Compounds. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8118-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kaili Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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38
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Liu LL, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Zhao Y. Mechanistic Insight into the Copper-Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Terminal Alkynes: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6816-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Yile Wu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zeshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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