1
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Suresh A, Bagchi D, Kaliappan KP. Thapsigargin: a promising natural product with diverse medicinal potential - a review of synthetic approaches and total syntheses. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39363839 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Thapsigargin, a sesquiterpene lactone, naturally occurring in the roots and fruits of the Mediterranean shrub Thapsia garganica L, is known to the practitioners of traditional medicines since the medieval ages as a cure for rheumatic pain, lung diseases, and female infertility. This naturally occurring guaianolide has shown remarkable activity for Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase inhibition, which eventually renders it fit as a potential candidate for anti-cancer drugs. Mipsagargin, a prodrug derived from thapsigargin, is under clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recently, thapsigargin has shown promise as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2. Limited natural availability and challenging synthesis have prompted research into new synthetic pathways. This review discusses significant synthetic approaches and total syntheses of thapsigargin reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Dibyojeet Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Krishna P Kaliappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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2
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Fernandes RA, Moharana S, Khatun GN. Recent advances in the syntheses of guaianolides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6652-6670. [PMID: 37551715 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, especially guaianolides representing a bigger class of natural products, have served as appealing candidates for total synthesis due to their varied bio- and pharmaceutical activities. This tutorial review delineates the creative efforts of many researchers in the total syntheses of different complex guaianolides recently published in the literature. Many of the syntheses display meticulous interplay between new methods and the ingenuity of strategies achieved through well-planned routes. In some cases, the Chiron approach has come in quite handy, wherein the structural features and stereochemistry of select molecules could map well with naturally available starting materials. A few catalytic methods like diastereoselective aldol reaction, enediyne or dienyne metathesis, or photochemical methods have been efficiently used. This compilation also aims to enhance the diversity space based on these natural products and further interest in the sustainable total synthesis of this class of compounds and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjita Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Gulenur Nesha Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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3
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Mondal B, Jagadeesh C, Das D, Saha J. An acid-promoted pseudocine substitution manifold of γ-aminocyclopentenone enables divergent access to polycyclic indole derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2504-2507. [PMID: 35089294 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated γ-aminocyclopentenones to be a suitable surrogate for reactive cyclopentadienone via a pseudocine-substitution manifold. This approach enabled its orchestrated annulation with "tailored" bis-nucleophiles and to furnish complex β,γ-annulated cyclopentanoids or indole-based polycyclic architectures. This strategy represents a generalized means for direct, regioselective and stereoselective β,γ-functionalization of monosubstituted or unsubstituted aminocyclopentenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mondal
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Chenna Jagadeesh
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinabandhu Das
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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4
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Chen Z, Xi G, Fu Y, Wang Q, Cai L, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Bai B, Ma Y. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one from maltol and its taste identification. Food Chem 2021; 361:130052. [PMID: 34023685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) exists in many foods, and its effect on taste is controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify whether DDMP has bitter taste or not. For this purpose, DDMP was synthesized from maltol instead of from glucose for the first time. In contrast, DDMP derived from glucose was also prepared and further purified. Their structures were identified by NMR and MS, and considered to be the same substance. The sensory analysis showed that DDMP derived from maltol was tasteless. Further studies indicated that some impurities in Maillard reaction made DDMP derived from glucose taste bitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Gaolei Xi
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Lili Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China
| | - Bing Bai
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
| | - Yuping Ma
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, PR China.
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5
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Adib M, Rajai-Daryasarei S, Pashazadeh R, Mahdavi M, Madadi M, Jahani M. Regio- and Diastereoselective KMnO 4
/RCO 2
H Mediated Acyloxyarylation of Chalcones - An Indirect α-Arylation of Chalcones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; PO Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | - Saideh Rajai-Daryasarei
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; PO Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | - Rahim Pashazadeh
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; PO Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Madadi
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; PO Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Jahani
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; PO Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
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6
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Álvarez JM, Jorge ZD, Massanet GM. Study of the Oxidative Cleavage Proposed in the Biogenesis of Transtaganolides/Basiliolides: Pyran-2-one Aromaticity-Mediated Regioselective Control and Biogenetic Implications. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Álvarez
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Cádiz; 11510 Puerto Real Spain
| | - Zacarías D. Jorge
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Cádiz; 11510 Puerto Real Spain
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7
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Hu X, Musacchio AJ, Shen X, Tao Y, Maimone TJ. Allylative Approaches to the Synthesis of Complex Guaianolide Sesquiterpenes from Apiaceae and Asteraceae. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14904-14915. [PMID: 31448610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With hundreds of unique members isolated to date, guaianolide lactones represent a particularly prolific class of terpene natural products. Given their extensive documented therapeutic properties and fascinating chemical structures, these metabolites have captivated the synthetic chemistry community for many decades. As a result of divergent biosynthetic pathways, which produce a wide array of stereochemical and oxidative permutations, a unifying synthetic pathway to this broad family of natural products is challenging. Herein we document the evolution of a chiral-pool-based synthetic program aimed at accessing an assortment of guaianolides, particularly those from the plant family Apiaceae as well as Asteraceae, members of which possess distinct chemical substructures and necessitate deviating synthetic platforms. An initial route employing the linear monoterpene linalool generated a lower oxidation state guaianolide but was not compatible with the majority of family members. A double-allylation disconnection using a carvone-derived fragment was then developed to access first an Asteraceae-type guaianolide and then various Apiaceae congeners. Finally, using these findings in conjunction with a tandem polyoxygenation cascade, we developed a pathway to highly oxygenated nortrilobolide. A variety of interesting observations in metal-mediated aldehyde allylation and alkene polyoxygenation are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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8
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Sanogo Y, Othman RB, Dhambri S, Selkti M, Jeuken A, Prunet J, Férézou JP, Ardisson J, Lannou MI, Sorin G. Ti(II) and Rh(I) Complexes as Reagents toward a Thapsigargin Core. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5821-5830. [PMID: 30964681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach toward the [5-7]fused bicyclic core of thapsigargin, a subnanomolar inhibitor of the endo/sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA), is presented. The synthetic route includes an original Ti(II)-mediated hydroxy-directed reductive coupling of an enantiomerically enriched propargylic alcohol and an intramolecular Rh(I)-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reaction as key steps. Interestingly, through the first experiments of titanocene-mediated reductive cyclization of a 1,8-enyne, a seven-membered cycle was isolated as a unique product with a total diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sanogo
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Raja Ben Othman
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Sabrina Dhambri
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Mohamed Selkti
- Unité CNRS UMR 8015 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Alan Jeuken
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Férézou
- Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182) , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 410 , Orsay F-91405 , France
| | - Janick Ardisson
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Marie-Isabelle Lannou
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
| | - Geoffroy Sorin
- Unité CNRS UMR 8638 , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Cedex 06 75270 , France
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9
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Chu H, Dünstl G, Felding J, Baran PS. Divergent synthesis of thapsigargin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2705-2707. [PMID: 29636219 PMCID: PMC6119632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thapsigargin (3) is a potent inhibitor of the SERCA-pump protein, with potential for application in a variety of medicinal areas. The efficient and scalable syntheses of thapsigargin (3) and nortrilobolide (2) have been disclosed previously. To demonstrate the modularity of the previous routes, three natural products (compounds 6, 13, 15) and four analogs (compounds 17-20) have been divergently prepared from a common building block featuring varied acyl chains at the C2, C3, and C8 positions. Biological tests revealed that all of the compounds prepared displayed promising activity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Georg Dünstl
- Research & Development, LEO Pharma, A/S Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Felding
- Research & Development, LEO Pharma, A/S Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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10
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Jouanneau M, Bonepally KR, Jeuken A, Tap A, Guillot R, Ardisson J, Férézou JP, Prunet J. Diastereoselective Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate of Thapsigargin and Other 6,12-Guaianolides Using a RCEYM Strategy. Org Lett 2018; 20:2176-2180. [PMID: 29616815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new and flexible approach toward the synthesis of 6,12-guaianolide anticancer drugs such as trilobolides or thapsigargin has been developed that could be applied to the preparation of analogues with a modified ring system. The synthesis starts from commercial 2-methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione, only relying on diastereoselective reactions for the construction of the stereogenic centers at C1, C3, C6, and C10 and features a high-yielding ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM) step for the formation of the [5,7] bicyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Jouanneau
- Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182) , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 410 , F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Karunakar Reddy Bonepally
- Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182) , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 410 , F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Alan Jeuken
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , U.K
| | - Aurélien Tap
- Faculté de Pharmacie (CNRS UMR 8638) , Université Paris Descartes , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , F-75270 Paris 06 , France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (CNRS UMR 8182) , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 420 , F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Janick Ardisson
- Faculté de Pharmacie (CNRS UMR 8638) , Université Paris Descartes , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , F-75270 Paris 06 , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Férézou
- Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182) , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 410 , F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Joëlle Prunet
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry , University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue , Glasgow G12 8QQ , U.K
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11
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Dey S, Bajaj SO. Promising anticancer drug thapsigargin: A perspective toward the total synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1386789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sumit O. Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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12
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Burrows LC, Jesikiewicz LT, Lu G, Geib SJ, Liu P, Brummond KM. Computationally Guided Catalyst Design in the Type I Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Pauson-Khand Reaction of Allenyl Acetates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15022-15032. [PMID: 29022341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Rh(I)-catalyzed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction (APKR) is an efficient, redox-neutral method of synthesizing α-acyloxy cyclopentenones. An enantioselective APKR could provide access to chiral, nonracemic α-acyloxy and α-hydroxy cyclopentenones and their corresponding redox derivatives, such as thapsigargin, a cytotoxic natural product with potent antitumor activity. Rapid scrambling of axial chirality of allenyl acetates in the presence of Rh(I) catalysts enables the conversion of racemic allene to enantiopure cyclopentenone product in a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT). A combined experimental and computational approach was taken to develop an effective catalytic system to achieve the asymmetric transformation. The optimization of the denticity, and steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand (initially (S)-MonoPhos, 58:42 er), afforded a hemilabile bidentate (S)-MonoPhos-alkene-Rh(I) catalyst that provided α-acyloxy cyclopentenone product in up to 14:86 er. Enantioselectivity of the Rh(I)-(S)-MonoPhos-alkene catalyst was rationalized using ligand-substrate steric interactions and distortion energies in the computed transition states. This asymmetric APKR of allenyl acetates is a rare example of a Type I DyKAT reaction of an allene, the first example of DyKAT in a cyclocarbonylation reaction, and the first catalyst-controlled enantioselective APKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Luke T Jesikiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kay M Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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13
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Hajra S, Acharyya S, Mandal A, Maity R. Unified total synthesis of (+)-chinensiolide B and (+)-8-epigrosheimin. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6401-6410. [PMID: 28731121 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An expedient synthetic approach has been developed for the unified total synthesis of (+)-chinensiolide B and (+)-8-epigrosheimin. The point of divergence was provided by the lactone aldehyde 6, in which four contiguous stereocenters were achieved by a stereocontrolled Evans syn-aldol reaction of a R-carvone derived enantiopure aldehyde and chiral N-succinyl-oxazolidinone. The lactone aldehyde 6 was synthesized in multigram quantity in three steps. Highly optimized chemo- and stereoselective reactions and functional group interconversion enabled us to assemble (+)-chinensiolide B and (+)-8-epigrosheimin from 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, U.P., India.
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14
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Chen H, Wu G, Gao S, Guo R, Zhao Z, Yuan H, Liu S, Wu J, Lu X, Yuan X, Yu Z, Zu X, Xie N, Yang N, Hu Z, Sun Q, Zhang W. Discovery of Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UbcH5c from α-Santonin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6828-6852. [PMID: 28696694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a therapeutic target for antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interventions, UbcH5c is one of the key ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes catalyzing ubiquitination during TNF-α-triggered nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. In the present study, three series of analogues were designed and synthesized from α-santonin, and their UbcH5c inhibitory activities were screened by Western blotting and NF-κB luciferase assay. Further BIAcore, in-gel fluorescence imaging, and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that compound 6d exhibited robust and specific inhibition of UbcH5c, exceeding that of the positive compound 1 (IJ-5). Mechanistic investigations revealed that compound 6d preferentially bound to and inactivated UbcH5c by forming a covalent adduct with its active site Cys85. Furthermore, compound 6d exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in vivo. These findings suggest that the novel α-santonin-derived UbcH5c inhibitor 6d is a promising lead compound for the development of new antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Progenra, Inc. , 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Lifesensors, Inc. , 271 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zongmin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Niao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201210, China
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15
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Chen D, Evans PA. A Concise, Efficient and Scalable Total Synthesis of Thapsigargin and Nortrilobolide from (R)-(-)-Carvone. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6046-6049. [PMID: 28422492 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A concise, efficient and scalable synthesis of thapsigargin and nortrilobolide from commercially available (R)-(-)-carvone was developed. Our synthetic strategy is inspired by nature's carbon-carbon bond formation sequence, which facilitates the construction of a highly functionalized sesquiterpene lactone skeleton in five steps via an enantioselective ketone alkylation and a diastereoselective pinacol cyclization. We envision that this strategy will permit the construction of other members of the family, structural analogs and provide a practical synthetic route to these important bioactive agents. In addition, we anticipate that the prodrug Mipsagargin, which is currently in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, will also be accessible via this strategy. Hence, the limited availability from natural sources, coupled with an estimated demand of one metric ton per annum for the prodrug, provides a compelling mandate to develop practical total syntheses of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Chu H, Smith JM, Felding J, Baran PS. Scalable Synthesis of (-)-Thapsigargin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:47-51. [PMID: 28149952 PMCID: PMC5269647 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Total syntheses of the complex, highly oxygenated sesquiterpenes thapsigargin (1) and nortrilobolide (2) are presented. Access to analogues of these promising bioactive natural products has been limited to tedious isolation and semisynthetic efforts. Elegant prior total syntheses demonstrated the feasibility of creating these entitites in 36-42 step processes. The currently reported route proceeds in a scalable and more concise fashion by utilizing two-phase terpene synthesis logic. Salient features of the work include application of the classic photosantonin rearrangement and precisely choreographed installation of the multiple oxygenations present on the guaianolide skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joel M. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jakob Felding
- Front
End Innovation, LEO Pharma, A/S Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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17
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Hu X, Xu S, Maimone TJ. A Double Allylation Strategy for Gram-Scale Guaianolide Production: Total Synthesis of (+)-Mikanokryptin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1624-1628. [PMID: 28052523 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With over 5000 members isolated to date, sesquiterpene lactones represent a prolific source of medicinal agents with several derivatives in human clinical trials. The guaianolides, a major subset of this group, have been intensely investigated from both medicinal and chemical-synthesis perspectives for decades. To date, the myriad stereochemical permutations presented by this enormous family have precluded the synthesis of many unique members. Herein we report the total synthesis of the trans-fused 8,12-guaianolide (+)-mikanokryptin in 10 steps from (+)-carvone. Notably, this synthesis is the first gram-scale total synthesis of a guaianolide natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Silong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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18
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Hu X, Xu S, Maimone TJ. A Double Allylation Strategy for Gram-Scale Guaianolide Production: Total Synthesis of (+)-Mikanokryptin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Hu
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; 826 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Silong Xu
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; 826 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P.R. China
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; 826 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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19
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Moghimi S, Mahdavi M, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Acyloxylation: Activation of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H Bonds. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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20
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Doan NTQ, Crestey F, Olsen CE, Christensen SB. Chemo- and Regioselective Functionalization of Nortrilobolide: Application for Semisynthesis of the Natural Product 2-Acetoxytrilobolide. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1406-1414. [PMID: 26078214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The difference in reactivity of the hexaoxygenated natural product thapsigargin (1) and the pentaoxygenated nortrilobolide (3) was compared in order to develop a chemo- and regioselective method for the conversion of nortrilobolide (3) into the natural product 2-acetoxytrilobolide (4). For the first time, a stereoselective synthesis of 2-acetoxytrilobolide (4) is described, which involves two key reactions: the first chemical step was a one-pot substitution-oxidation reaction of an allylic ester into its corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone. The second process consisted of a stereoselective α'-acyloxylation of the key intermediate α,β-unsaturated ketone to afford its corresponding acetoxyketone, which was converted into 2-acetoxytrilobolide (4) in a few steps. This innovative approach would allow the synthesis of a broad library of novel and valuable penta- and hexaoxygenated guaianolides as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Thi Quynh Doan
- †Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - François Crestey
- †Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- ‡Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Brøgger Christensen
- †Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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21
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Andersen TB, López CQ, Manczak T, Martinez K, Simonsen HT. Thapsigargin--from Thapsia L. to mipsagargin. Molecules 2015; 20:6113-27. [PMID: 25856061 PMCID: PMC6272310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin is found in the plant Thapsia garganica L., and is one of the major constituents of the roots and fruits of this Mediterranean species. In 1978, the first pharmacological effects of thapsigargin were established and the full structure was elucidated in 1985. Shortly after, the overall mechanism of the Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibition that leads to apoptosis was discovered. Thapsigargin has a potent antagonistic effect on the SERCA and is widely used to study Ca2+-signaling. The effect on SERCA has also been utilized in the treatment of solid tumors. A prodrug has been designed to target the blood vessels of cancer cells; the death of these blood vessels then leads to tumor necrosis. The first clinical trials of this drug were initiated in 2008, and the potent drug is expected to enter the market in the near future under the generic name Mipsagargin (G-202). This review will describe the discovery of the new drug, the on-going elucidation of the biosynthesis of thapsigargin in the plant and attempts to supply the global market with a novel potent anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Bundgaard Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Carmen Quiñonero López
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Tom Manczak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Karen Martinez
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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22
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Krylov IB, Vil’ VA, Terent’ev AO. Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C-O bond formation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:92-146. [PMID: 25670997 PMCID: PMC4311763 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes primary publications on the cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling, with special emphasis on the studies published after 2000. The starting compound, which donates a carbon atom for the formation of a new C-O bond, is called the CH-reagent or the C-reagent, and the compound, an oxygen atom of which is involved in the new bond, is called the OH-reagent or the O-reagent. Alcohols and carboxylic acids are most commonly used as O-reagents; hydroxylamine derivatives, hydroperoxides, and sulfonic acids are employed less often. The cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling reactions are carried out using different C-reagents, such as compounds containing directing functional groups (amide, heteroaromatic, oxime, and so on) and compounds with activated C-H bonds (aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, ethers, amines, amides, compounds containing the benzyl, allyl, or propargyl moiety). An analysis of the published data showed that the principles at the basis of a particular cross-dehydrogenative C-O coupling reaction are dictated mainly by the nature of the C-reagent. Hence, in the present review the data are classified according to the structures of C-reagents, and, in the second place, according to the type of oxidative systems. Besides the typical cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of CH- and OH-reagents, closely related C-H activation processes involving intermolecular C-O bond formation are discussed: acyloxylation reactions with ArI(O2CR)2 reagents and generation of O-reagents in situ from C-reagents (methylarenes, aldehydes, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vera A Vil’
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent’ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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23
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Santana A, Molinillo JMG, Macías FA. Trends in the Synthesis and Functionalization of Guaianolides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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García-Cabeza AL, Ray LP, Marín-Barrios R, Ortega MJ, Moreno-Dorado FJ, Guerra FM, Massanet GM. Optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the Kharasch–Sosnovsky Oxidation of Valencene. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leticia García-Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lindsey P. Ray
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rubén Marín-Barrios
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María J. Ortega
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F. Javier Moreno-Dorado
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Guerra
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Guillermo M. Massanet
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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