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Funabiki K, Gotoh T, Kani R, Inuzuka T, Kubota Y. Highly diastereo- and enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of trifluoromethylated erythritols based on the in situ generation of unstable trifluoroacetaldehyde. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1296-1304. [PMID: 33315035 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, only a few methods for the asymmetric synthesis of erythritols bearing a trifluoromethyl group have been developed, and these methods present serious disadvantages such as the requirement of multiple steps for the preparation of their starting materials, low stereoselectivity, and the use of highly toxic reagents. Herein, we have developed a highly diastereo- and enantioselective organocatalytic method to synthesise erythritols bearing a trifluoromethyl group using (1) a commercially available organocatalyst to produce unstable trifluoroacetaldehyde in situ from its corresponding hemiacetal, followed by the simultaneous asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction of the organocatalyst with an in situ-generated chiral enamine derived from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-one to obtain the corresponding aldol product in good yield (65-80%) with high diastereoselectivity (up to 94% de) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to >98% ee), (2) the highly diastereoselective reduction of the ketone moiety in the aldol product (up to 98% de), and (3) the deprotection of the acetal moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Ryunosuke Kani
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Watkins SM, Ghose D, Blain JM, Grote DL, Luan CH, Clare M, Meganathan R, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. Antibacterial activity of 2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylates and binding to Burkholderia pseudomallei 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126660. [PMID: 31521478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway make attractive targets for antibacterial activity due to their importance in isoprenoid biosynthesis and the absence of the pathway in mammals. The fifth enzyme in the pathway, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (IspF), contains a catalytically important zinc ion in the active site. A series of de novo designed compounds containing a zinc binding group was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity and interaction with IspF from Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of Whitmore's disease. The series demonstrated antibacterial activity as well as protein stabilization in fluorescence-based thermal shift assays. Finally, the binding of one compound to Burkholderia pseudomallei IspF was evaluated through group epitope mapping by saturation transfer difference NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Debarati Ghose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Joy M Blain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Dakota L Grote
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Chi-Hao Luan
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - R Meganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy., DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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Hanuš J, Nisler J, Strnad M. A Novel Method for Synthesis of cis-Zeatin and Its Valuable Precursor (Z)-4-Chloro-2-methyl-but-2-en-1-ol. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2019.1609817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hanuš
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Medicinal Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Medicinal Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Medicinal Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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Synthesis and Kinetic evaluation of an azido analogue of methylerythritol phosphate: a Novel Inhibitor of E. coli YgbP/IspD. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17892. [PMID: 30559447 PMCID: PMC6297244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As multidrug resistant pathogenic microorganisms are a serious health menace, it is crucial to continuously develop novel medicines in order to overcome the emerging resistance. The methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) is an ideal target for antimicrobial development as it is absent in humans but present in most bacteria and in the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we report the synthesis and the steady-state kinetics of a novel potent inhibitor (MEPN3) of Escherichia coli YgbP/IspD, the third enzyme of the MEP pathway. MEPN3 inhibits E. coli YgbP/IspD in mixed type mode regarding both substrates. Interestingly, MEPN3 shows the highest inhibitory activity when compared to known inhibitors of E. coli YgbP/IspD. The mechanism of this enzyme was also studied by steady-state kinetic analysis and it was found that the substrates add to the enzyme in sequential manner.
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Bartee D, Wheadon MJ, Freel Meyers CL. Synthesis and Evaluation of Fluoroalkyl Phosphonyl Analogues of 2- C-Methylerythritol Phosphate as Substrates and Inhibitors of IspD from Human Pathogens. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9580-9591. [PMID: 29870251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting essential bacterial processes beyond cell wall, protein, nucleotide, and folate syntheses holds promise to reveal new antimicrobial agents and expand the potential drugs available for combination therapies. The synthesis of isoprenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), is vital for all organisms; however, humans use the mevalonate pathway for production of IDP/DMADP while many pathogens, including Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, use the orthogonal methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Toward developing novel antimicrobial agents, we have designed and synthesized a series of phosphonyl analogues of MEP and evaluated their abilities to interact with IspD, both as inhibitors of the natural reaction and as antimetabolite alternative substrates that could be processed enzymatically to form stable phosphonyl analogues as potential inhibitors of downstream MEP pathway intermediates. In this compound series, the S-monofluoro MEP analogue displays the most potent inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli IspD and is the best substrate for both the E. coli and P. falciparum IspD orthologues with a Km approaching that of the natural substrate for the E. coli enzyme. This work represents a first step toward the development of phosphonyl MEP antimetabolites to modulate early isoprenoid biosynthesis in human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bartee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Michael J Wheadon
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Caren L Freel Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
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