1
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Pedersen K, Christensen LG, Jensen HH. Formation of β-Configured Thioglycosides of d-Glucosamine and d-Galactosamine and Synthesis of Protected Human Milk Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12531-12541. [PMID: 37560896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the stereoselective multigram scale preparation of cyclohexyl- and phenyl thioglycosides of 2-azido-2-deoxy-β-d-gluco- and galactopyranosides from d-N-acetylglucosamine using a catalytic and solvent-free method. Two of the prepared building blocks were used as key intermediates for the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides LNT and LNnT in their protected form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Louise G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Glycosyl Formates: Glycosylations with Neighboring-Group Participation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196244. [PMID: 36234778 PMCID: PMC9572138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected 2-O-benzyolated glycosyl formates were synthesized in one-step from the corresponding orthoester using formic acid as the sole reagent. Glucopyranosyl, mannopyranosyl and galactopyranosyl donors were synthesized and their glycosylation properties studied using model glycosyl acceptors of varied steric bulk and reactivity. Bismuth triflate was the preferred catalyst and KPF6 was used as an additive. The 1,2-trans-selectivities resulting from neighboring-group participation were excellent and the glycosylations were generally high-yielding.
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3
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Yang L, Hammelev CH, Pedersen CM. Catalytic and Atom-Economic Glycosylation using Glycosyl Formates and Cheap Metal Salts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3166-3171. [PMID: 32267068 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzylated glycosyl formates have been synthesized in one step from the corresponding hemiacetal or orthoester with formic acid as the sole reagent. The glycosyl formates are used as glycosyl donors under catalytic conditions with cheap metal catalysts based on iron or bismuth. A 13 C NMR spectroscopic method is developed and evaluated for screening reactions conditions, giving precise information on the selectivity, yield, and byproducts formed. The major side reaction is transesterification, which gives the formylated acceptor and regenerates the hemiacetal. By using this approach, catalyst loadings and solvents are optimized and the scope of the glycosylation is evaluated for a variety of glycosyl donors and acceptors. A proof of concept for a traceless glycosylation, utilizing a dual-purpose iron catalyst that catalyzes both glycosylation and dehydrogenation of formic acid, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Christian H Hammelev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Christian M Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
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4
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Sletten ET, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Are Brønsted Acids the True Promoter of Metal-Triflate-Catalyzed Glycosylations? A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis-Aminoglycoside Formation by Nickel Triflate. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2110-2123. [PMID: 31819822 PMCID: PMC6900934 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal triflates have been utilized to catalytically facilitate numerous glycosylation reactions under mild conditions. In some methods, the metal triflate system provides stereocontrol during the glycosylation, rather than the nature of protecting groups on the substrate. Despite these advances, the true activating nature of metal triflates remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the in situ generation of trace amounts of triflic acid from metal triflates can be the active catalyst species in the glycosylation. This fact has been mentioned previously in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions; however, a thorough study on the subject and its implications on stereoselectivity has yet to be performed. Experimental evidence from control reactions and 19F NMR spectroscopy have been obtained to confirm and quantify the triflic acid released from nickel triflate, for which it is of paramount importance in achieving a stereoselective 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond formation via a transient anomeric triflate. A putative intermediate resembling that of a glycosyl triflate has been detected using variable temperature NMR (1H and 13C) experiments. These observations, together with density functional theory calculations and a kinetic study, corroborate a mechanism involving triflic acid-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation with N-substituted trifluoromethylbenzylideneamino protected electrophiles. Specifically, triflic acid facilitates formation of a glycosyl triflate intermediate which then undergoes isomerization from the stable α-anomer to the more reactive β-anomer. Subsequent SN2-like displacement of the reactive anomer by a nucleophile is highly favorable for the production of 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Although there is a previously reported work regarding glycosyl triflates, none of these reports have been confirmed to come from the counter ion of the metal center. Our work provides supporting evidence for the induction of a glycosyl triflate through the role of triflic acid in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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5
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Abstract
Glycosyl chlorides have historically been activated using harsh conditions and/or toxic stoichiometric promoters. More recently, the Ye and the Jacobsen groups showed that glycosyl chlorides can be activated under organocatalytic conditions. However, those reactions are slow, require specialized catalysts and high temperatures, but still provide only moderate yields. Presented herein is a simple method for the activation of glycosyl chlorides using abundant and inexpensive ferric chloride in catalytic amounts. Our preliminary results indicate that both benzylated and benzoylated glycosyl chlorides can be activated with 20 mol% of FeCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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6
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Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Xolin A. Glycosylation: The Direct Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Sugar Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA; AgroParisTech, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 78000 Versailles France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Influence of acyl groups on glucopyranoside reactivity in Lewis acid promoted anomerisation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Xolin A, Losa R, Kaid A, Tresse C, Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S. Stereocontrolled glycoside synthesis by activation of glycosyl sulfone donors with scandium(iii) triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:325-335. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of armed glycosyl sulfone donors, using scandium(iii) triflate under microwave irradiation, provides a selective preparation of α-mannosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Romain Losa
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Aicha Kaid
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Cédric Tresse
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
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10
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Sommer R, Hauck D, Titz A. Efficient Two Step β‐Glycoside Synthesis from
N
‐Acetyl
d
‐Glucosamine: Scope and Limitations of Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Glycosylation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
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11
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Marqvorsen MHS, Pedersen MJ, Rasmussen MR, Kristensen SK, Dahl-Lassen R, Jensen HH. Why Is Direct Glycosylation with N-Acetylglucosamine Donors Such a Poor Reaction and What Can Be Done about It? J Org Chem 2016; 82:143-156. [PMID: 28001415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The monosaccharide N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is an abundant building block in naturally occurring oligosaccharides, but its incorporation by chemical glycosylation is challenging since direct reactions are low yielding. This issue, generally agreed upon to be caused by an intermediate 1,2-oxazoline, is often bypassed by introducing extra synthetic steps to avoid the presence of the NHAc functional group during glycosylation. The present paper describes new fundamental mechanistic insights into the inherent challenges of performing direct glycosylation with GlcNAc. These results show that controlling the balance of oxazoline formation and glycosylation is key to achieving acceptable chemical yields. By applying this line of reasoning to direct glycosylation with a traditional thioglycoside donor of GlcNAc, which otherwise affords poor glycosylation yields, one may obtain useful glycosylation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H S Marqvorsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin J Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michelle R Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffan K Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Dahl-Lassen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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Kristensen SK, Salamone S, Rasmussen MR, Marqvorsen MHS, Jensen HH. Glycosylortho-Methoxybenzoates: Catalytically Activated Glycosyl Donors with an Easily Removable and Recyclable Leaving Group. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffan K. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Michelle R. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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13
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Li X, Zhu J. Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences; University of Michigan-Dearborn; 4901 Evergreen Road 48128 Dearborn Michigan USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering; The University of Toledo; 2801 West Bancroft Street 43606 Toledo Ohio USA
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14
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Glibstrup E, Pedersen CM. Scalable Synthesis of Anomerically Pure Orthogonal-Protected GlcN3 and GalN3 from d-Glucosamine. Org Lett 2016; 18:4424-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Glibstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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15
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Yoo JS, Laughlin TJ, Krob JJ, Mohan RS. Bismuth(III) bromide catalyzed synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via the Hantzsch reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Andersen SM, Heuckendorff M, Jensen HH. 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propylamine: A Cheap and Versatile Reagent for Removal of Byproducts in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Org Lett 2015; 17:944-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Meng Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Heuckendorff
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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