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Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Souza JL, Nunes VV, Calazans CC, Silva-Mann R. Biotechnological potential of medicinal plant Erythrina velutina Willd: A systematic review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Paul D, Das S, Saha S, Sharma H, Goswami RK. Intramolecular Heck Reaction in Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An Update. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debobrata Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Subhendu Das
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sanu Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Himangshu Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Rajib Kumar Goswami
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
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4
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Yang H, Li W, Xu XM, Wang ZL. Tandem Reaction of Tertiary Enamides as a Synthetic Strategy to Construct the Fused N-Pentacyclic Skeleton of Erythrina Alkaloid Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:8814-8818. [PMID: 33176425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An exquisite protocol to the synthesis of erythrina-related structural derivatives was developed, which is composed of a nucleophilic addition of tertiary enamides to ketonic carbonyls and the trapping of acyliminium by an aromatic unit. This protocol afforded a powerful method for the construction of diverse fused N-pentacyclic skeletons in high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity by just using different acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zu-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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5
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Majinda RRT. An Update of Erythrinan Alkaloids and Their Pharmacological Activities. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 107:95-159. [PMID: 30178271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93506-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The period of the past 5 years has witnessed a remarkable increase in all of the number, structural variety, and complexity of erythrinan alkaloids reported. This structural diversity seems to be most pronounced in the alkaloids reported from the two species Erythrina arborescens and Erythrina variegata. Between them, work-up of these taxa yielded new polymeric (dimeric and trimeric) erythrinan alkaloids, a first example in one case where a normal 6,5,6,6-membered indoloisoquinoline spirocylic core has rearranged to a spiro-fused 6,5,7,6-skeleton. Furthermore, erythrinan alkaloids with a fifth ring containing a 2H-imidazole functionality were also reported for the first time, together with some new structures having an unusual substitution and with functionalities at positions C-3 and C-7 of the erythrinan core. This contribution has included 40 more erythrinan alkaloids that are either new or were omitted in the most recent major reviews on the same topic, leading to a total of 154 known erythrinan alkaloids to date. There are a few cases where the structures of the new alkaloids are contestable due to insufficient data having been obtained on isolation. To facilitate easier reference and identification, all structures having a common core have been placed in the same table or figure in this chapter.The reported pharmacological activities of the new and known erythrinan alkaloids documented have shown a considerable bias towards central nervous system and related activities. Other prominent activities that have been reported are antifeedant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Erythrinan alkaloids generally seem to lack antibacterial activity. Several new polymeric alkaloids were found to lack cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines, although two of them showed moderate aphicidal activity and one exhibited weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The biological activity of erythrinan alkaloids seems to be influenced by basic substructural requirements, such as a conjugated diene (Δ1,2, Δ6,7) system and is modulated by the presence (or absence) of other groups in rings A, B, C, and D of the erythrinan core. The erythrinan core may provide potential leads to structures that eventually may be useful therapeutically.In recent years, a number of stereoselective chemical synthesis methods have been applied towards the erythinan alkaloids, and these are described in this contribution.
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6
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Shimokawa J. Synthetic Studies on Heteropolycyclic Natural Products: Development of Divergent Strategy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:105-115. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
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7
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Kuntiyong P, Bunrod P, Namborisut D, Inprung N, Sathongjin J, Sae-guay C, Thongteerapab S, Khemthong P. Synthesis of a tetracyclic core of Erythrina alkaloids and analogs of crispine A. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Chrzanowska M, Grajewska A, Rozwadowska MD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids: 2004-2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12369-12465. [PMID: 27680197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the asymmetric synthesis of chiral nonracemic isoquinoline alkaloids, a family of natural products showing a wide range of structural diversity and biological and pharmaceutical activity, has been based either on continuation or improvement of known traditional methods or on new, recently developed, strategies. Both diastereoselective and enantioselective catalytic methods have been applied. This review describes the stereochemically modified traditional syntheses (the Pictet-Spengler, the Bischler-Napieralski, and the Pomeranz-Fritsch-Bobbitt) along with strategies based on closing of the nitrogen-containing ring B of the isoquinoline core by the formation of bonds between C1-N2, N2-C3, C1-N2/N2-C3, and C1-N2/C4-C4a atoms. Methods involving introduction of substituents at the C1 carbon of isoquinoline core along with syntheses applying various biocatalytic techniques have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grajewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria D Rozwadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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9
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Umihara H, Yoshino T, Shimokawa J, Kitamura M, Fukuyama T. Development of a Divergent Synthetic Route to the Erythrina Alkaloids: Asymmetric Syntheses of 8-Oxo-erythrinine, Crystamidine, 8-Oxo-erythraline, and Erythraline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Umihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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10
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Umihara H, Yoshino T, Shimokawa J, Kitamura M, Fukuyama T. Development of a Divergent Synthetic Route to the Erythrina Alkaloids: Asymmetric Syntheses of 8-Oxo-erythrinine, Crystamidine, 8-Oxo-erythraline, and Erythraline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6915-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotatsu Umihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masato Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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11
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Andreev IA, Ratmanova NK, Novoselov AM, Belov DS, Seregina IF, Kurkin AV. Oxidative Dearomatization of 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H-indoles Obtained by Metal- and Solvent-Free Thermal 5-endo-digCyclization: The Route to Erythrina and Lycorine Alkaloids. Chemistry 2016; 22:7262-7. [PMID: 27076115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Andreev
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Nina K. Ratmanova
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Anton M. Novoselov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Irina F. Seregina
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kurkin
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninsky Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow Russia
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12
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Paladino M, Zaifman J, Ciufolini MA. Total Synthesis of (+)-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone and (+)-Erysotramidine via the Oxidative Amidation of a Phenol. Org Lett 2015; 17:3422-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paladino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua Zaifman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Garad DN, Tanpure SD, Mhaske SB. Radical-mediated dehydrative preparation of cyclic imides using (NH4)2S2O8-DMSO: application to the synthesis of vernakalant. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26199655 PMCID: PMC4505096 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium persulfate–dimethyl sulfoxide (APS–DMSO) has been developed as an efficient and new dehydrating reagent for a convenient one-pot process for the synthesis of miscellaneous cyclic imides in high yields starting from readily available primary amines and cyclic anhydrides. A plausible radical mechanism involving DMSO has been proposed. The application of this facile one-pot imide forming process has been demonstrated for a practical synthesis of vernakalant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar N Garad
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Subhash D Tanpure
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Santosh B Mhaske
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Organic Chemistry, Pune 411 008, India
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14
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Phae-nok S, Kuhakarn C, Pohmakotr M, Reutrakul V, Soorukram D. Convenient synthesis of α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactones and γ-butyrolactams via decarboxylative iodination of paraconic acids and β-carboxyl-γ-butyrolactams using 1,3-diiodo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11087-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthetic approach to α,β-unsaturated γ-butyrolactones and γ-butyrolactams is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supasorn Phae-nok
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Manat Pohmakotr
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
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