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Liang S, Zhou Y, Yu W. Iron-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Annulation Reactions between α-Azido Acetamides and Cyclic Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:613-618. [PMID: 38215045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We report an FeCl2-catalyzed annulation reaction between α-azido acetamides and cyclic ketones. Two types of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam products can be obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. When α-azido acetamides were reacted with cyclohexanone, 8-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2(4H)-ones were obtained when a primary amine was present in the reaction system; conducting the reaction in the presence of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, on the contrary, resulted in the formation of 5,6-dihydro-1H-indol-2(4H)-ones. Cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone reacted in the same way as cyclohexanone. The reactions proceed via the intermediacy of 2-iminoacetamides, which are formed by FeCl2-facilitated dinitrogenation of α-azido acetamides. These reactions constitute a new strategy for expanding the synthetic dimensions of organic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zars E, Gravogl L, Gau M, Carroll PJ, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Iron(II) Mediated Deazotation of Benzyl Azide: Trapping and Subsequent Transformations of the Benzaldimine Fragment. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1079-1090. [PMID: 34978453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mono-benzaldimine (HN═CHPh) complex [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(HN═CHPh)] (1-HN═CHPh) has been prepared by reaction of [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(OEt2)] (1-OEt2) (tBupyrpyrr2 = 2,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-pyrrolyl)pyridine) with one equivalent of benzyl azide. Compound 1-HN═CHPh retains the cis-divacant octahedral coordination geometry akin to 1, as established by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. A bis-HN═CHPh complex [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(HN═CHPh)2] (2) was also prepared by the addition of two equivalents of benzyl azide to 1, and its molecular structure exhibits the two HN═CHPh ligands coordinated trans to each other, thereby forming a square pyramidal coordination geometry at the FeII center. Reaction of 1 with excess benzyl azide yields [(tBupyrpyrr2)Fe(HN═CHPh)2·PhCHNCH(NH2)Ph] (2-PhCHNCH(NH2)Ph), which contains an unstable benzylideneamino phenyl methanamine fragment, effectively hydrogen bonded to 2. Thermolysis of 2 or 2-PhCHNCH(NH2)Ph releases the HN═CHPh self-coupling products hydrobenzamide (A), N-benzylidine benzylamine (B), and benzonitrile (C). Under catalytic conditions, free HN═CHPh (cis/trans-HN═CHPh mixture) is produced using 2.5 mol % of 1 in 90% spectroscopic yield. These studies provide a clearer understanding for the conversion of the HN═CHPh in 2 or 2-PhCHNCH(NH2)Ph to the C-C and C-N coupled products. Reduction of 1-HN═CHPh with KC8 yields the reductively coupled benzylamide complex [K(OEt2)]2[(tBupyrpyrr2)2Fe2(μ2-NHCHPhCHPhNH)] (3) as the result of a new C-C bond formed between two radical benzylamide fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Zars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lisa Gravogl
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Michael Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Jo HY, Lee JM, Pietrasiak E, Lee E, Rhee YH, Park J. Generation of N-H Imines from α-Azidocarboxylic Acids through Ru-Catalyzed Decarboxylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17409-17417. [PMID: 34752090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of N-H imines from α-azidocarboxylic acids was developed, which proceeds through decarboxylative C-C bond cleavage catalyzed by a commercial diruthenium complex ([CpRu(CO)2]2) under visible light irradiation at room temperature within several minutes. The reactive products undergo condensation, which forms cyclic trimers (2,4,6-trialkylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazines) or linear N,N'-bis(arylmethylidene)arylmethanediamines in quantitative yields. Alternatively, the N-H imines can be trapped with benzylamine and 2-(aminomethyl)aniline, providing stable N-benylimines and tetrahydroquinazolines, respectively. Subsequent oxidation of tetrahydroquinazolines produced quinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Yul Jo
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ewa Pietrasiak
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Shibata S, Masui Y, Onaka M. Efficient solvent-free synthesis of N-unsubstituted ketimines from ketones and ammonia on porous solid acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mori-Quiroz LM, Londhe SS, Clift MD. Formal α-Allylation of Primary Amines by a Dearomative, Palladium-Catalyzed Umpolung Allylation of N-(Aryloxy)imines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14827-14846. [PMID: 33152244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-(Aryloxy)imines, readily accessible by condensation/tautomerization of (pseudo)benzylic primary amines and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, undergo efficient allylation to afford a wide range of homoallylic primary amines following hydrolytic workup. Deprotonation of N-(aryloxy)imines generates a delocalized 2-azaallyl anion-type nucleophile that engages in dearomative C-C bond-forming reactions with allylpalladium(II) electrophiles generated from allylic tert-butyl carbonates. This reactivity umpolung enables the formal α-allylation of (pseudo)benzylic primary amines. Mechanistic studies reveal that the apparent regioselectivity of the desired bond-forming event is a convergent process that is initiated by unselective allylation of N-(aryloxy)imines to give several regioisomeric species, which subsequently rearrange via stepwise [1,3]- or concerted [3,3]-sigmatropic shifts, ultimately converging to provide the desired regioisomer of the amine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Mori-Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Shrikant S Londhe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael D Clift
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Morisaki K, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. Recent Progress on Catalytic Addition Reactions to N-Unsubstituted Imines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morisaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Kondo Y, Kadota T, Hirazawa Y, Morisaki K, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. Scandium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of N-Unprotected Ketimines. Org Lett 2019; 22:120-125. [PMID: 31854997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Unprotected ketimines are useful substrates and intermediates for synthesizing valuable nitrogen-containing compounds, but their potential applicability is limited by the available synthetic methods. To address this issue, we report a scandium(III) triflate catalyzed direct synthesis of N-unprotected ketimines. Using commercially available reagents and Lewis acid catalysts, ketones were directly transformed into the corresponding N-unprotected ketimines in high yields with broad functional group tolerance, even in multigram scales. The reactions were readily applicable for one-pot synthesis of important compounds such as a glycine Schiff base without isolation of N-unprotected ketimine intermediates. Preliminary mechanistic studies to clarify the reaction mechanism are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
| | - Tetsuya Kadota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
| | - Yoshinobu Hirazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
| | - Kazuhiro Morisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyushu University , Maidashi 3-1-1 Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan , 812-8582
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Kondo Y, Morisaki K, Hirazawa Y, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. A Convenient Preparation Method for Benzophenone Imine Catalyzed by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hirazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Carlson AS, Topczewski JJ. Allylic azides: synthesis, reactivity, and the Winstein rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4406-4429. [PMID: 30969292 PMCID: PMC6530792 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic azides are useful synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate broad reactivity. Unlike most organic azides, allylic azides can spontaneously rearrange to form a mixture of isomers. This rearrangement has been named the Winstein rearrangement. Using allylic azides can result in low yields and azide racemization in some synthetic contexts due to the Winstein rearrangement. Effort has been made to understand the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement and to take advantage of this process. Several guiding principles can be used to identify which azides will produce a mixture of isomers and which will resist rearrangement. Selective reaction conditions can be used to differentiate the azide isomers in a dynamic manner. This review covers all aspects of allylic azides including their synthesis, their reactivity, the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement, and reactions that can selectively elaborate an azide isomer. This review covers the literature from Winstein's initial report to early 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Tasker NR, Rastelli EJ, Blanco IK, Burnett JC, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS, Wipf P. In-flow photooxygenation of aminothienopyridinones generates iminopyridinedione PTP4A3 phosphatase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2448-2466. [PMID: 30746541 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow photooxygenation of 7-aminothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-ones to produce 7-iminothieno[3,2-c]pyridine-4,6(5H,7H)-diones has been developed, utilizing ambient air as the sole reactant. N-H Imines are formed as the major products, and excellent functional group tolerance and conversion on gram-scale without the need for chromatographic purification allow for facile late-stage diversification of the aminothienopyridinone scaffold. Several analogs exhibit potent in vitro inhibition of the cancer-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A3, and the SAR supports an exploratory docking model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Tasker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Yokoi T, Tanimoto H, Ueda T, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Site-Selective Conversion of Azido Groups at Carbonyl α-Positions to Diazo Groups in Diazido and Triazido Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12103-12121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yokoi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueda
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Okamoto N, Sueda T, Minami H, Yanada R. One-pot synthesis of triazole-fused isoindoles from o-alkynylbenzaldehydes and trimethylsilyl azide. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bortoluzzi M, Funaioli T, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Pinzino C, Zacchini S. One pot conversion of benzophenone imine into the relevant 2-aza-allenium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:364-367. [PMID: 27935616 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08702g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of common imines with WCl6 in organic solvents revealed very unusual features in the context of imine chemistry. Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]NH was converted in one pot into the 2-aza-allenium species [Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]N[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2]+via N2 release, with [Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]NH2]+ being a co-product. PhCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu underwent C-H bond activation resulting in the formation of [C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N] containing derivatives, together with [PhCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NHtBu]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- University Ca' Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Calogero Pinzino
- ICCOM-CNR, Area della Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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