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Aquilina JM, Smith MW. Synthetic Studies toward the Myrioneuron Alkaloids. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2023; 55:3725-3736. [PMID: 39081875 PMCID: PMC11286233 DOI: 10.1055/a-2085-5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The Myrioneuron alkaloids are a relatively small family of plant-derived alkaloids that present an intriguing array of structural intricacy and biological properties. As such, these natural products have drawn interest from the synthetic community, resulting in creative total syntheses of several family members. This review showcases recent synthetic efforts towards these polycyclic alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Aquilina
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Myles W Smith
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390
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Abstract
We report a total synthesis of the Myrioneuron alkaloid myrioneurinol enabled by the recognition of hidden symmetry within its polycyclic structure. Our approach traces myrioneurinol's complex framework back to a symmetrical diketone precursor, a double reductive amination of which forges its central piperidine unit. By employing an inexpensive chiral amine in this key desymmetrizing event, four stereocenters of the natural product including the core quaternary stereocenter are set in an absolute sense, providing the first asymmetric entry to this target. Other noteworthy strategic maneuvers include utilizing a bicyclic alkene as a latent cis-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl) synthon and a topologically controlled alkene hydrogenation. Overall, our synthesis proceeds in 18 steps and ∼1% yield from commercial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Aquilina
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Myles W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Abstract
This review deals with the synthesis of naturally occurring alkaloids containing partially or completely saturated pyrimidine nuclei. The interest in these compounds is associated with their structural diversity, high biological activity and toxicity. The review is divided into four parts, each of which describes a number of synthetic methodologies toward structurally different naturally occurring alkaloids containing saturated cyclic six-membered amidine, guanidine, aminal and urea (thiourea) moieties, respectively. The development of various synthetic strategies for the preparation of these compounds has remarkably increased during the past few decades. This is primarily due to the fact that some of these compounds are isolated only in limited quantities, which makes it practically impossible to study their full structural characteristics and biological activity.
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Fulton TJ, Chen AY, Bartberger MD, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-myrifabral A and B. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10802-10806. [PMID: 34094334 PMCID: PMC8162428 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective approach to the Myrioneuron alkaloids (−)-myrifabral A and (−)-myrifabral B is described. The synthesis was enabled by a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation, that generates the C(10) all-carbon quaternary center. A key N-acyl iminium ion cyclization forged the cyclohexane fused tricyclic core, while vinyl boronate cross metathesis and oxidation afforded the lactol ring of (−)-myrifabral A. Adaptation of previously reported conditions allowed for the conversion of (−)-myrifabral A to (−)-myrifabral B. A catalytic enantioselective approach to the Myrioneuron alkaloids (−)-myrifabral A and (−)-myrifabral B is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Fulton
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Anthony Y Chen
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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Zhang JH, Guo JJ, Yuan YX, Fu YH, Gu YC, Zhang Y, Chen DZ, Li SL, Di YT, Hao XJ. Four new tetracyclic alkaloids with cis-decahydroquinoline motif from Myrioneuron effusum. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:217-21. [PMID: 27316979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new Myrioneuron alkaloids, mysumamides A-D (1-4), along with three known ones were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Myrioneuron effusum. All of these alkaloids possessed the tetracyclic skeleton and contained the decahydroquinoline (cis-DHQ) moiety. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were also evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yu-Xi Yuan
- Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yan-Hui Fu
- Hainan normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Duo-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shun-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
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Li XH, Zhang Y, Zhang JH, Li XN, Cao MM, Di YT, Peng ZG, Jiang JD, Hao XJ. Myritonines A-C, Alkaloids from Myrioneuron tonkinensis Based on a Novel Hexacyclic Skeleton. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1203-1207. [PMID: 26967892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myritonines A-C (1-3), three new alkaloids bearing an unprecedented heterohexacyclic skeleton, were isolated from Myrioneuron tonkinensis. Their structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 3 represents the first Myrioneuron alkaloid featuring a unique trans-decahydroquinoline motif and was also found to possess a rare cyano functionality. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibition against the hepatitis C virus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Tong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Martins D, Nunez CV. Secondary metabolites from Rubiaceae species. Molecules 2015; 20:13422-95. [PMID: 26205062 PMCID: PMC6331836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes some characteristics of the Rubiaceae family pertaining to the occurrence and distribution of secondary metabolites in the main genera of this family. It reports the review of phytochemical studies addressing all species of Rubiaceae, published between 1990 and 2014. Iridoids, anthraquinones, triterpenes, indole alkaloids as well as other varying alkaloid subclasses, have shown to be the most common. These compounds have been mostly isolated from the genera Uncaria, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Ophiorrhiza and Morinda. The occurrence and distribution of iridoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones point out their chemotaxonomic correlation among tribes and subfamilies. From an evolutionary point of view, Rubioideae is the most ancient subfamily, followed by Ixoroideae and finally Cinchonoideae. The chemical biosynthetic pathway, which is not so specific in Rubioideae, can explain this and large amounts of both iridoids and indole alkaloids are produced. In Ixoroideae, the most active biosysthetic pathway is the one that produces iridoids; while in Cinchonoideae, it produces indole alkaloids together with other alkaloids. The chemical biosynthetic pathway now supports this botanical conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Martins
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Veronica Nunez
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology and Innovation Coordenation, National Research Institute of Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil.
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Nocket AJ, Feng Y, Weinreb SM. Construction of the Myrioneuron Alkaloids: A Total Synthesis of (±)-Myrioneurinol. J Org Chem 2014; 80:1116-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Nocket
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Steven M. Weinreb
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Huang SD, Zhang Y, Cao MM, Di YT, Tang GH, Peng ZG, Jiang JD, He HP, Hao XJ. Myriberine A, a new alkaloid with an unprecedented heteropentacyclic skeleton from Myrioneuron faberi. Org Lett 2013; 15:590-3. [PMID: 23320525 DOI: 10.1021/ol3034065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myriberine A (1) possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton was isolated from Myrioneuron faberi. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallographic, and computational methods. Myriberine A (1) demonstrated inhibition against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
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Gravel E, Poupon E. Biosynthesis and biomimetic synthesis of alkaloids isolated from plants of the Nitraria and Myrioneuron genera: an unusual lysine-based metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:32-56. [DOI: 10.1039/b911866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salame R, Gravel E, Leblanc K, Poupon E. Biomimetic synthesis of tangutorine following new biogenetic proposals. Org Lett 2009; 11:1891-4. [PMID: 19334718 DOI: 10.1021/ol9002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following new biosynthetic proposals, an expeditious synthesis of tangutorine, an indolic alkaloid from Nitraria tangutorum has been achieved in three steps from simple C(5) lysine-derived units. The work also includes further insights into the biosynthesis of Nitraria alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Salame
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie associé au CNRS, UMR 8076-BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud 11, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Pham VC, Jossang A, Sévenet T, Nguyen VH, Bodo B. Novel Alkaloids fromMyrioneuron nutans. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pham VC, Jossang A, Grellier P, Sévenet T, Nguyen VH, Bodo B. Structure and Total Synthesis of (−)-Myrionidine and (−)-Schoberine, Antimalarial Alkaloids from Myrioneuron nutans. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7565-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Cuong Pham
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Akino Jossang
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thierry Sévenet
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hung Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles - UMR 5154 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 63 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Protozoaires Parasites - Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, and Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Hanoi, Vietnam
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