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Nomiyama S, Ogura T, Ishida H, Aoki K, Tsuchimoto T. Indium-Catalyzed Regioselective β-Alkylation of Pyrroles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes and Its Application to Construction of a Quaternary Carbon Center with a β-Pyrrolyl Group. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5178-5197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuki Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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Taniguchi M, Ptaszek M, Chandrashaker V, Lindsey JS. The Porphobilinogen Conundrum in Prebiotic Routes to Tetrapyrrole Macrocycles. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2017; 47:93-119. [PMID: 27207103 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-016-9506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to develop a credible prebiotic route to tetrapyrroles have relied on enzyme-free recapitulation of the extant biosynthesis, but this process has foundered from the inability to form the pyrrole porphobilinogen (PBG) in good yield by self-condensation of the precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). PBG undergoes robust oligomerization in aqueous solution to give uroporphyrinogen (4 isomers) in good yield. ALA, PBG, and uroporphyrinogen III are universal precursors to all known tetrapyrrole macrocycles. The enzymic formation of PBG entails carbon-carbon bond formation between the less stable enolate/enamine of one ALA molecule (3-position) and the carbonyl/imine (4-position) of the second ALA molecule; without enzymes, the first ALA reacts at the more stable enolate/enamine (5-position) and gives the pyrrole pseudo-PBG. pseudo-PBG cannot self-condense, yet has one open α-pyrrole position and is proposed to be a terminator of oligopyrromethane chain-growth from PBG. Here, 23 analogues of ALA have been subjected to density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, but no motif has been identified that directs reaction at the 3-position. Deuteriation experiments suggested 5-(phosphonooxy)levulinic acid would react preferentially at the 3- versus 5-position, but a hybrid condensation with ALA gave no observable uroporphyrin. The results suggest efforts toward a biomimetic, enzyme-free route to tetrapyrroles from ALA should turn away from structure-directed reactions and focus on catalysts that orient the two aminoketones to form PBG in a kinetically controlled process, thereby avoiding formation of pseudo-PBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250-0001, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA.
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Nomiyama S, Tsuchimoto T. Metal-Free Regioselective β-Alkylation of Pyrroles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes: Use of a Brønsted Acid as a Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rajam S, Jadhav AV, Li Q, Sarkar SK, Singh PND, Rohr A, Pace TCS, Li R, Krause JA, Bohne C, Ault BS, Gudmundsdottir AD. Triplet Sensitized Photolysis of a Vinyl Azide: Direct Detection of a Triplet Vinyl Azide and Nitrene. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9325-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501898p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Rajam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Abhijit V. Jadhav
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Qian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sujan K. Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Pradeep N. D. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Ahleah Rohr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Tamara C. S. Pace
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Bruce S. Ault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Anna D. Gudmundsdottir
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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Fesenko AA, Shutalev AD. Synthesis of γ-Azido-β-ureido Ketones and Their Transformation into Functionalized Pyrrolines and Pyrroles via Staudinger/aza-Wittig Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1190-207. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302724y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Fesenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 86 Vernadsky
Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly D. Shutalev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, 86 Vernadsky
Avenue, 119571 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Neier R, Journot G, R. Jones C, Blangy V. The Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Calix[4]arenes, a Transformation Leading to Novel Macrocyclic Ligands. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-11-sr(p)8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lindsey JS, Chandrashaker V, Taniguchi M, Ptaszek M. Abiotic formation of uroporphyrinogen and coproporphyrinogen from acyclic reactants. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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