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Rulev AY, Zubkov FI. Hyperbaric reactions in organic synthesis. Progress from 2006 to 2020. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2320-2355. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review summarizes the published literature data concerning above 1 kbar reactions for the purposes of preparative organic synthesis (more then 50 mg of the initial substance) from 2006...
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2
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Diastereoselective thermal [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrone possessing an amide functional group as hydrogen bond donor/acceptor. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Barnard E, Pfukwa R, Maiz J, Müller AJ, Klumperman B. Synthesis, Structure, and Crystallization Behavior of Amphiphilic Heteroarm Molecular Brushes with Crystallizable Poly(ethylene oxide) and n-Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jon Maiz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Castillo RR, Hernández-Escobar D, Gómez-Graña S, Vallet-Regí M. Reversible Nanogate System for Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Based on Diels-Alder Adducts. Chemistry 2018; 24:6992-7001. [PMID: 29493820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of nanoparticles as nanomedicines requires sophisticated surface modifications to reduce the immune response and enhance recognition abilities. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles present extraordinary host-guest abilities and facile surface functionalization. These two factors make them ideal candidates for the development of novel drug-delivery systems, at the expense of increasing structural complexity. With this idea in mind, a system composed of triggerable and tunable silica nanoparticles was developed for application as drug-delivery nanocarriers. Diels-Alder cycloaddition adducts were chosen as thermal-responsive units that permitted the binding of gold nanocaps able to block the pores and allow the incorporation of targeting fragments. The capping efficiency was tested under different thermal conditions to give outstanding efficiencies within the physiological range and mild temperatures, as well as enhanced release under pulsing heating cycles, which showed the best release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Castillo
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Spain
| | - David Hernández-Escobar
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Spain
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Yıldırım A, Kaya Y. High diastereoselectivity induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction: experimental and computational mechanistic approaches. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry; Uludağ University; 16059 Bursa Turkey
| | - Yunus Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering; Bursa Technical University; Bursa Turkey
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Gobbo P, Luo W, Cho SJ, Wang X, Biesinger MC, Hudson RHE, Workentin MS. Small gold nanoparticles for interfacial Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:4605-12. [PMID: 25786777 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00372e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that possess interfacial methyl-2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate moieties have been successfully synthesized (Staudinger-AuNPs) and characterized by multi-nuclear MR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, XPS was remarkably sensitive for characterization of the novel nanomaterial, and in furnishing proof of its interfacial reactivity. These Staudinger-AuNPs were found to be stable to the oxidation of the phosphine center. The reaction with benzyl azide in a Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation, as a model system, was investigated using (31)P NMR spectroscopy. This demonstrated that the interfacial reaction was clean and quantitative. To showcase the potential utility of these Staudinger-AuNPs in bioorganic chemistry, a AuNP bioconjugate was prepared by reacting the Staudinger-AuNPs with a novel azide-labeled CRGDK peptide. The CRGDK peptide could be covalently attached to the AuNP efficiently, chemoselectively, and with a high loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Gobbo
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research, Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Ghiassian S, Gobbo P, Workentin MS. Water-Soluble Maleimide-Modified Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a Platform for Cycloaddition Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Gobbo P, Workentin MS. Improved methodology for the preparation of water-soluble maleimide-functionalized small gold nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12357-63. [PMID: 22881999 DOI: 10.1021/la302168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Improved methodology to prepare maleimide-functionalized, water-soluble, small (<3 nm) gold nanoparticles using a retro-Diels-Alder strategy that we developed for similar organic-soluble AuNP's is described. Importantly, our results suggest that a recent paper by Zhu, Waengler, Lennox, and Schirrmacher describing a similar strategy gave results inconsistent with the formation of the titled maleimide-modified AuNP (Zhu, J.; Waengler, C.; Lennox, R. B.; Schirrmacher, R. Langmuir2012, 28, 5508) as the major product, but consistent with the major product being an adduct derived from the hydrolysis of maleimide formed under the conditions used for the required deprotection of the maleimide. Our methodology provides an efficient and accessible route to pure maleimide-modified small AuNP's that circumvents the formation of the hydrolysis product. The maleimide-modified small AuNP's are versatile because they are soluble in water and in a wide range of organic solvents and their reactivity can now be properly exploited as a reactive moiety in Michael addition for bioconjugation studies in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry, Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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Ghandi M, Taheri A, Hasani Bozcheloei A, Abbasi A, Kia R. Synthesis of novel tricyclic and tetracyclic sultone scaffolds via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Zhu J, Waengler C, Lennox RB, Schirrmacher R. Preparation of water-soluble maleimide-functionalized 3 nm gold nanoparticles: a new bioconjugation template. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5508-5512. [PMID: 22428602 DOI: 10.1021/la300316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient methodology to prepare maleimide-tethered, water-soluble gold nanoparticles (maleimide-AuNPs). The maleimide-AuNPs were prepared in the protected form and are readily recovered via a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The maleimide-AuNPs were fully characterized by (1)H NMR, TGA, TEM, and XPS and were determined to have a gold core with an average size of 3.2 ± 0.8 nm; each core contains about 1000 gold atoms and is surrounded by 30 maleimide-terminated ligands and 60 thiolated PEG ligands. The maleimide-AuNPs efficiently react with rhodamine 123 and cysteine and are a promising template for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Hartlen KD, Ismaili H, Zhu J, Workentin MS. Michael addition reactions for the modification of gold nanoparticles facilitated by hyperbaric conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:864-871. [PMID: 22085199 DOI: 10.1021/la203662n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemical interfacial modification of organic solvent soluble 2.4 ± 0.5 nm maleimide-modified monolayer protected gold nanoparticles (2-C(12)AuNPs) with primary or secondary amines via Michael addition reactions is demonstrated. Michael addition reactions between 2-C(12)AuNPs and primary or secondary amines at ambient temperature and pressure and under the conditions where the AuNP is soluble and stable are possible albeit sluggish, often taking days to weeks to go to completion. The rates and efficacies of the these same reactions are drastically increased at hyperbaric pressure conditions (11 000 atm) with no observed adverse effect to the gold nanoparticle stability. The resulting Michael addition adducts (3-C(12)AuNPs) formed from 2-C(12)AuNPs and the corresponding amines were characterized by TEM and by comparison of the (1)H NMR spectra of the 3-C(12)AuNPs with those of model reactions of the same amines with N-dodecylmaleimide, 2. The Michael addition reactions occur more readily with 2 rather than 2-C(12)AuNPs, consistent with the local environment of the latter imposing additional steric or other barriers to the reaction. The use of hyperbaric conditions makes the reaction of the organic solvent soluble 2-C(12)AuNP via Michael addition a viable interfacial modification process that is otherwise impractical. The results also suggest that it is a useful protocol for facilitating Michael addition reactions generally in solution at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis D Hartlen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre of Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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13
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Jadhav SA. Functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds on gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Sugie A, Kumazawa K, Hatta T, Kanie K, Muramatsu A, Mori A. Cross Coupling on Gold Nanoparticles. Effect of Reinforced Affinity of Organic Group with Bipedal Thiol. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Dry photochemical synthesis of hydrotalcite, γ-Al2O3 and TiO2 supported gold nanoparticle catalysts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Ismaili H, Lee S, Workentin MS. Diazirine-modified gold nanoparticle: template for efficient photoinduced interfacial carbene insertion reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14958-14964. [PMID: 20735050 DOI: 10.1021/la102621h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of a 3-aryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirine-modified monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (2-C(12)MPNs), with a core size of 1.8 ± 0.3 nm, in the presence of model carbene trapping reagents leads to efficient, essentially quantitative, modification of the interface via carbene insertion reactions. The utility of carbene insertion reactions as a general approach for the modification of Au-MPNs to provide a breadth of new structures available was demonstrated using acetic acid, methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, benzylamine, methyl acrylate, and styrene (10a-g, respectively) as electrophilic carbene trapping agents to form the corresponding modified 3a-g-C(12)MPNs. The 1.8 ± 0.3 nm gold nanoparticles bearing a diazirine group (2-C(12)MPNs) were synthesized using the ligand exchange reaction with the requisite 3-aryl-3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirinealkylthiol. The 2-C(12)MPNs and the resulting products of the reaction on the MPN (3a-g-C(12)MPN) were fully characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and, when applicable, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Verification for the 3a-g-C(12)MPNs was accomplished by comparison of the spectral data to those of obtained for the photoreactions of 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine as a model with 10a-g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ismaili
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7
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Tindale J, Hartlen K, Alizadeh A, Workentin M, Ragogna P. Maleimide-Modified Phosphonium Ionic Liquids: A Template Towards (Multi)Task-Specific Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2010; 16:9068-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Liu X, Liu H, Zhou W, Zheng H, Yin X, Li Y, Guo Y, Zhu M, Ouyang C, Zhu D, Xia A. Thermoreversible covalent self-assembly of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) bridged gold nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3179-3185. [PMID: 20028115 DOI: 10.1021/la903838w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrids have been fabricated through mild Diels-Alder cross-linking between maleimide bearing oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) and furan functionalized gold nanoparticles with diameter smaller than 2 nm. The OPV ligands afford strong reaction ability toward furan group due to their maleimide moieties. These small gold nanoparticles form close-packed homogeneous hybrids with well-defined interfaces by incorporating OPV ligands in solutions. Covalent assembly and disassembly of gold nanoparticles can be achieved by repeated thermal stimuli on as-obtained hybrids, which can be monitored by fluorescence changes of OPVs and surface plasmon resonance absorption. Moreover, the dramatic photophysical properties and assembly behavior of these hybrids allow this procedure to be performed as a smart assay for monitoring the process of the Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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19
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Gramlich WM, Robertson ML, Hillmyer MA. Reactive Compatibilization of Poly(l-lactide) and Conjugated Soybean Oil. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902449x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William M. Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
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Abstract
This critical review, which is relevant to researchers in synthetic organic chemistry, focuses on asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with acrylamides. The use of chiral acrylamides as dipolarophiles leads to high levels of stereocontrol, due to conformational constraint in the acrylamides. Employment of chiral tertiary acrylamides containing nitrogen heterocycles is particularly effective in controlling the stereoselectivity. Following a general overview of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, the main body of the review focuses on asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of acrylamides with nitrile oxides, nitrones, diazoalkanes and azomethine ylides, with particular emphasis on the rationale for the observed stereocontrol (215 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kissane
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Ismaili H, Alizadeh A, Snell KE, Workentin MS. Remarkable high-yielding chemical modification of gold nanoparticles using uncatalyzed click-type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry and hyperbaric conditions. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azide-terminated alkyl thiolate monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (1-C12MPN) with a core size of 1.8 ± 0.2 nm were prepared. 1-C12MPN was modified in high yields via an uncatalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click-type reaction) with a variety of terminal acyl–alkynes under hyperbaric conditions at 11 000 atm. The resulting 1,2,3-triazole modified MPNs (2-C12MPN) were characterized using 1H NMR spectroscopy and were verified by comparison of the spectra to those obtained for the products of the model reactions of 1-azidododecane with the same alkynes. TEM analysis showed that the high-pressure conditions did not affect the size of the gold core, suggesting that the only effect is to facilitate the chemical reaction on the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ismaili
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7
| | - Abdolhamid Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7
| | - Kristen E. Snell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7
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Bhella SS, Pannu APS, Elango M, Kapoor A, Hundal MS, Ishar MPS. Investigations on synthesis of indole based constrained mimetic scaffolds through 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of the C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone with a variety of olefinic and allenic dipolarophiles under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marin ML, McGilvray KL, Scaiano JC. Photochemical Strategies for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Au(III) and Au(I) Using Photoinduced Free Radical Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16572-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja803490n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Luisa Marin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Katherine L. McGilvray
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain, and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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Liu X, Zhu M, Chen S, Yuan M, Guo Y, Song Y, Liu H, Li Y. Organic-inorganic nanohybrids via directly grafting gold nanoparticles onto conjugated copolymers through the Diels-Alder reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11967-11974. [PMID: 18759505 DOI: 10.1021/la8020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites of poly- p-phenyleneethynylene gold nanoparticles (PPE-Au) were synthesized via directly grafting maleimide functionalized gold nanoparticles (MA-Au) onto PPE chains by a mild Diels-Alder reaction. The Diels-Alder reaction between copolymers and MA-Au leads to self-assembly of the MA-Au as well as enhances electronic communication between the copolymers and inorganic particles. The as-prepared hybrid nanoassemblies show homogeneous status and well-defined interfaces, which facilitate the electronic interaction between conjugated polymers and gold nanoparticles. Moreover, dramatic photophysical properties and an influence on the assembly behavior of gold nanoparticles are also exhibited, which allows this procedure to be performed as a smart assay for monitoring the process of the Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Thode CJ, Williams ME. Grignard functionalization of Weinreb amide-modified Au nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5988-5990. [PMID: 18481883 DOI: 10.1021/la800968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents are staple transformations in organic chemistry. However, their use in the chemical functionalization of monolayer-protected metallic nanoparticles is unprecedented. In this letter, we report the reaction of Au nanoparticles bearing a mixed monolayer of alkanethiol ligands that are methyl- and N-methoxy- N-methyl amide-terminated. The latter of these rapidly undergoes reaction with organometallic reagents, achieving high yields (in some cases, nearly quantitative) in only a few hours without the need for high pressure, temperature or catalysts. We assess the feasibility of this reaction with a range of organometallic reagents on the basis of both surface reaction yield and also the stability of the particles (defined as the mass % Au particles recovered vs a control). Demonstrating the utility of these strong organometallic reagents opens the door to a large class of reactions that are underutilized within the field of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Thode
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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