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Alsharabasy AM, Lagarias PI, Papavasileiou KD, Afantitis A, Farràs P, Glynn S, Pandit A. Examining Hemin and its Derivatives: Induction of Heme-Oxygenase-1 Activity and Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Cells through Collaborative Experimental Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15411-15427. [PMID: 39159487 PMCID: PMC11403666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Hemin triggers intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and enhances heme oxygenase-1 (HOX-1) activity, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent, though precise control of its intracellular levels is crucial. The study explores the impact of hemin and its derivatives, hemin-tyrosine, and hemin-styrene (H-Styr) conjugates on migration, HOX-1 expression, specific apoptosis markers, mitochondrial functions, and ROS generation in breast cancer cells. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were used to understand the interactions among HOX-1, heme, and the compounds. Hemin outperforms its derivatives in inducing HOX-1 expression, exhibiting pro-oxidative effects and reducing cell migration. Molecular simulations show that heme binds favorably to HOX-1, followed by the other compounds, primarily through van der Waals and electrostatic forces. However, only van der Waals forces determine the H-Styr complexation. These interactions, influenced by metalloporphyrin characteristics, provide insights into HOX-1 regulation and ROS generation, potentially guiding the development of breast cancer therapies targeting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | | | - Konstantinos D Papavasileiou
- Department of ChemoInformatics, Novamechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus
- Department of Chemoinformatics, Novamechanics MIKE, Piraeus 18545, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, Novamechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus
- Department of Chemoinformatics, Novamechanics MIKE, Piraeus 18545, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, Larnaca 6059, Cyprus
| | - Pau Farràs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sharon Glynn
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway H91 YR71, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
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Nong J, Shen S, Hong F, Xiao F, Meng L, Li P, Lei X, Chen YG. Verteporfin inhibits TGF-β signaling by disrupting the Smad2/3-Smad4 interaction. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar95. [PMID: 38696259 PMCID: PMC11244160 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a crucial role in pathogenesis, such as accelerating tissue fibrosis and promoting tumor development at the later stages of tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell migration, and invasion. Targeting TGF-β signaling is a promising therapeutic approach, but nonspecific inhibition may result in adverse effects. In this study, we focus on the Smad2/3-Smad4 complex, a key component in TGF-β signaling transduction, as a potential target for cancer therapy. Through a phase-separated condensate-aided biomolecular interaction system, we identified verteporfin (VP) as a small-molecule inhibitor that specifically targets the Smad2/3-Smad4 interaction. VP effectively disrupted the interaction between Smad2/3 and Smad4 and thereby inhibited canonical TGF-β signaling, but not the interaction between Smad1 and Smad4 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Furthermore, VP exhibited inhibitory effects on TGF-β-induced EMT and cell migration. Our findings indicate a novel approach to develop protein-protein interaction inhibitors of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway for treatments of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Nong
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengqiang Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Hong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingtian Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pilong Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Sitte E, Senge MO. The Red Color of Life Transformed - Synthetic Advances and Emerging Applications of Protoporphyrin IX in Chemical Biology. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:3171-3191. [PMID: 32612451 PMCID: PMC7319466 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is the porphyrin scaffold of heme b, a ubiquitous prosthetic group of proteins responsible for oxygen binding (hemoglobin, myoglobin), electron transfer (cytochrome c) and catalysis (cytochrome P450, catalases, peroxidases). PPIX and its metallated derivatives frequently find application as therapeutic agents, imaging tools, catalysts, sensors and in light harvesting. The vast toolkit of accessible porphyrin functionalization reactions enables easy synthetic modification of PPIX to meet the requirements for its multiple uses. In the past few years, particular interest has arisen in exploiting the interaction of PPIX and its synthetic derivatives with biomolecules such as DNA and heme-binding proteins to evolve molecular devices with new functions as well as to uncover potential therapeutic toeholds. This review strives to shine a light on the most recent developments in the synthetic chemistry of PPIX and its uses in selected fields of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sitte
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152‐160 Pearse Street2DublinIreland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152‐160 Pearse Street2DublinIreland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenberg‐Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
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4
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O’Brien JM, Sitte E, Flanagan KJ, Kühner H, Hallen LJ, Gibbons D, Senge MO. Functionalization of Deutero- and Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Esters via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6158-6173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Sitte
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hannes Kühner
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lukas J. Hallen
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dáire Gibbons
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Meares A, Bhagavathy GV, Zik SR, Gallagher T, Ptaszek M. Expanding π-Conjugation in Chlorins Using Ethenyl Linker. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9076-9087. [PMID: 30033724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of chlorin monomers and dyads has been prepared to probe the effect of ethenyl vs ethynyl linkers on the electronic conjugation and optical properties in resulting derivatives. Styryl-substituted chlorins have been prepared either by a Heck reaction or by microwave-assisted olefin metathesis, while β-β ethenyl-linked dyads have been synthesized from the corresponding vinyl-substituted chlorin monomer using microwave-assisted olefin metathesis. It has been found that when an ethenyl linker is connected at the β-position of chlorin it provides stronger electronic conjugation than an ethynyl one, which is manifested by a greater bathochromic shift of the longest wavelength absorption (Q y) and emission bands. Stronger electronic coupling is particularly evident for dyads, where ethenyl-linked dyad exhibits a strong near-IR absorption band emission (λabs = 707 nm, λem = 712 nm, Φf = 0.45), compared to the deep-red absorption and emission of a corresponding ethynyl-linked dyad (λabs = 689 nm, λem = 691 nm, Φf = 0.48). The reactivity of ethenyl-linked dyads with singlet oxygen is discussed as well. The results reported here provide further guidelines for molecular design of deep-red and near-IR absorbing and intensely emitting chlorin derivatives and chlorins with extended π-electronic conjugation for a variety of photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Ganga Viswanathan Bhagavathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Shannon R Zik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Thomas Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Faries KM, Diers JR, Springer JW, Yang E, Ptaszek M, Lahaye D, Krayer M, Taniguchi M, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Chlorin-Imides: Bridging the Gap between Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7503-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511257w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Faries
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - James R. Diers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Joseph W. Springer
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Eunkyung Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Dorothée Lahaye
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
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8
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Olefin cross-metathesis/Suzuki–Miyaura reactions on vinylphenylboronic acid pinacol esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Lonin IS, Grin MA, Lakhina AA, Mironov AF. Synthesis of chlorophyll a glycoconjugates using olefin cross-metathesis. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Mulholland AR, Woodward CP, Langford SJ. Fullerene-templated synthesis of a cyclic porphyrin trimer using olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1494-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2008. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Lo M, Mahajan D, Wytko JA, Boudon C, Weiss J. Toward Generic Models of Hemoproteins. Org Lett 2009; 11:2487-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900774d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Lo
- Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée (CLAC), and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée (CLAC), and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée (CLAC), and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée (CLAC), and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée (CLAC), and Laboratoire d’Electrochimie, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Bantreil X, Broggi J, Nolan SP. N-Heterocyclic carbene containing complexes in catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822056p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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