1
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Cheng B, Wang Q, An Y, Chen F. Recent advances in the total synthesis of galantamine, a natural medicine for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:1060-1090. [PMID: 38450550 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2006 to 2023(-)-Galantamine is a natural product with distinctive structural features and potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It is clinically approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The clinical significance and scarcity of this natural product have prompted extensive and ongoing efforts towards the chemical synthesis of this challenging tetracyclic structure. The objective of this review is to summarize and discuss recent progress in the total synthesis of galantamine from 2006 to 2023. The contents are organized according to the synthetic strategies for the construction of the quaternary center. Key features of each synthesis have been highlighted, followed by a summary and outlook at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi An
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- School of Science, Green Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Xiong Z, Weidlich F, Sanchez C, Wirth T. Biomimetic total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine via intramolecular anodic aryl-phenol coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4123-4127. [PMID: 35537211 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Galanthamine as a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has attracted synthetic chemists for decades. However, previous total synthetic and biomimetic approaches often use stoichiometric oxidants (metal oxidants or hypervalent iodine) to prepare the target product. Anodic oxidative coupling offers a sustainable alternative method which is, for the first time, successfully applied to the total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine. We report a new asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine by using an anodic aryl-phenol coupling as the key synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Frauke Weidlich
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Camille Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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3
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Khademi Z, Heravi MM. Applications of Claisen condensations in total synthesis of natural products. An old reaction, a new perspective. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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4
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Zhao S, Sirasani G, Andrade RB. Aspidosperma and Strychnos alkaloids: Chemistry and biology. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:1-143. [PMID: 34565505 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Of Nature's nearly 3000 unique monoterpene indole alkaloids derived from tryptophan, those members belonging to the Aspidosperma and Strychnos families continue to impact the fields of natural products (i.e., isolation, structure determination, biosynthesis) and organic chemistry (i.e., chemical synthesis, methodology development) among others. This review covers the biological activity (Section 2), biosynthesis (Section 3), and synthesis of both classical and novel Aspidosperma (Section 4), Strychnos (Section 5), and selected bis-indole (Section 6) alkaloids. Technological advancements in genetic sequencing and bioinformatics have deepened our understanding of how Nature assembles these intriguing molecules. The proliferation of innovative synthetic strategies and tactics for the synthesis of the alkaloids covered in this review, which include contributions from over fifty research groups from around the world, are a testament to the creative power and technical skills of synthetic organic chemists. To be sure, Nature-the Supreme molecular architect and source of a dazzling array of irresistible chemical logic puzzles-continues to inspire scientists across multiple disciplines and will certainly continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Sharma D, Kumar M, Das P. Synthetic approaches for cyclohexane-1,3-diones: A versatile precursor for bioactive molecules. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1946824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharminder Sharma
- PG Department of Chemistry, JCDAV College Dasuya, Dasuya, Punjab, India
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Seraj at Lambathach, Thunag, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pralay Das
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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6
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Katahara S, Sugiyama Y, Yamane M, Komiya Y, Sato T, Chida N. Five-Step Total Synthesis of (±)-Aspidospermidine by a Lactam Strategy via an Azomethine Ylide. Org Lett 2021; 23:3058-3063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Katahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mina Yamane
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yukinori Komiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Gein VL, Nosova NV, Yankin AN, Bazhina AY, Dmitriev MV. An Eco-Friendly Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Indeno[1,2- b]Pyrrole and Indeno[1,2- c]Pyridazine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1602061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei N. Yankin
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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8
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Sharma D, Kumar M, Das P. Application of cyclohexane-1,3-diones for six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104559. [PMID: 33418315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexan-1,3-dione derivatives are versatile scaffolds for the synthesis of a variety of value-added organic molecules including heterocycles and natural products. Six-membered oxygen heterocycles prepared from cyclohexan-1,3-diones are of much importance as they are intermediate for the synthesis of a number of natural products and several other valuable bioactive molecules which shows anti-viral, anti-bacterial, analgesic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-tumor and anti-cancer activities. These advantages have inspired us to write a detailed survey on the newly developed methods which are very essential in the construction of six-membered oxygen heterocycles. Further, the versatility in the chemistry of cyclohexan-1,3-dione and its derivatives is due to the presence of highly active methylene moiety and its active di-carbonyl groups. Recently, reactions of cyclohexane-1,3-dione and its derivatives with other substrates for instance aldehydes, malononitriles, NMSM, chalcones, isatin etc. have been established for the construction of a variety of six-membered oxygen heterocycles. The studies reported in this review article involved the synthesis of six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles which includes 4H-chromen-5(6H)-one, 2H-xanthen-1(9H)-one, 2H-xanthen-1,8(5H,9H)-dione, 6H-chromen-2,5-dione derivatives and natural products having six-membered oxygen heterocycles from cyclohexane-1,3-dione and its derivatives as one of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharminder Sharma
- PG Department of Chemistry, JCDAV College Dasuya, Punjab 144205, India; Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Seraj at Lambathach, Distt. Mandi, 175048 HP, India; Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
| | - Pralay Das
- Chemical Technology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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9
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Wang N, Jiang X. Synthetic Approaches to Tricyclic Aminoketones in the Total Synthesis of Aspidosperma and Kopsia Alkaloids. CHEM REC 2020; 21:295-314. [PMID: 33289266 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspidosperma and kopsia alkaloids are significant functional molecules because of their potent biological activities. Their intricate structures present an intrinsic synthetic challenge and thus attract significant attention from synthetic organic academic community. Over the past decades, a series of elegant strategies has been developed, in particular, the Stork's original Fischer indolization of tricyclic aminoketones 1. Herein, we report a comprehensive review on various synthetic approaches access to tricyclic aminoketones 1 and provide a practical guidance to readers whose are interested in employing tricyclic aminoketones 1 as versatile building blocks in the realm of total synthesis of aspidosperma, kopsia and structurally related alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang Y, Shen S, Fang H, Xu T. Total Synthesis of Galanthamine and Lycoramine Featuring an Early-Stage C-C and a Late-Stage Dehydrogenation via C-H Activation. Org Lett 2020; 22:1244-1248. [PMID: 31904968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel strategy toward galanthamine and lycoramine. The concise synthesis was enabled by a Rh-catalyzed gram-scale C-C activation for the tetracyclic carbon framework and a regioselective Pd-catalyzed C-H activation for double-bond introduction. An aqueous-phase Beckmann rearrangement was performed for nitrogen atom insertion. Galanthamine and lycoramine were completed in 11 and 10 steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Shuna Shen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts & Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China
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11
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Nambu H, Tamura T, Yakura T. Protecting-Group-Free Formal Synthesis of Aspidospermidine: Ring-Opening Cyclization of Spirocyclopropane with Amine Followed by Regioselective Alkylations. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15990-15996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Nambu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tamura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yakura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Xinxiang 453007, China
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13
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Venkatesh T, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Total synthesis of (±)-galanthamine from GABA through regioselective aryne insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2192-2198. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of (±)-galanthamine is achieved in ∼5% overall yield using a key regioselective aryne insertion reaction into a GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telugu Venkatesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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14
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Berthiol F, Philouze C, Chavant PY, Poisson JF. An unprecedented 7-membered ring enamide cyclization through hypervalent iodine phenolic oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Loya DR, Jean A, Cormier M, Fressigné C, Nejrotti S, Blanchet J, Maddaluno J, De Paolis M. Domino Ring Expansion: Regioselective Access to 9-Membered Lactones with a Fused Indole Unit from 2-Nitrophenyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones. Chemistry 2018; 24:2080-2084. [PMID: 29286174 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The domino anionic fragmentation of 2-nitrophenyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones containing an electrophilic appendage such as aldehyde and epoxide is disclosed. This reaction, initiated by a series of nucleophiles, involves the generation of an intermediate hydroxylate followed by the regioselective formation and fragmentation of an intermediate lactolate into enolate. This strategy, devoid of any protecting group, enlarges the initial ring and provides an original access to decorated 9-membered lactones with a fused indole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reyes Loya
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stefano Nejrotti
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- LCMT, ENSICAEN et, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Michaël De Paolis
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
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16
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Wang N, Du S, Li D, Jiang X. Divergent Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Vincadifformine, (−)-Quebrachamine, (+)-Aspidospermidine, (−)-Aspidospermine, (−)-Pyrifolidine, and Related Natural Products. Org Lett 2017; 19:3167-3170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Du
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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17
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18
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Pandey G, Dey D, Tiwari SK. Synthesis of biologically active natural products by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of non-stabilized azomethine ylides (AMY): Concepts and realizations. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Lepitre T, Denhez C, Sanselme M, Othman M, Lawson AM, Daïch A. Original Mitsunobu-Triggered Sequence Involved in a One-Pot Domino Process toward Tetracyclic Systems Bearing a Bis-N,O-acetal Junction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8837-8849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lepitre
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Clement Denhez
- Université
de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire
de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Cedex Reims, France
- Multiscale
Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, F-51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| | - Morgane Sanselme
- Normandie Univ,
France; UNIROUEN, Laboratoire SMS EA3233, 1 rue Tesniere, France, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
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20
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Abstract
A short synthetic sequence leading to the formation of the C,D,E-ring subunit of the Aspidosperma alkaloids is reported. This route is based on a ring fragmentation/intramolecular azomethine ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction sequence that gives the desired tricyclic product as a single diastereomer. A γ-amino-β-hydroxy-α-diazo carbonyl compound is shown to fragment in the presence of a Lewis acid to give an iminium product that can be directly reduced to the corresponding amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey
M. Giampa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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21
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Pandey G, Burugu SK, Singh P. Efficient Strategy for the Construction of Both Enantiomers of the Octahydropyrroloquinolinone Ring System: Total Synthesis of (+)-Aspidospermidine. Org Lett 2016; 18:1558-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pandey
- Molecular
Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Burugu
- Molecular
Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- Molecular
Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
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22
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Li YT, Gao XD, Zhang W, Huang XJ, Zhang DM, Jiang RW, Wang L, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. Winchinines A and B, two unusual monoterpene indole alkaloids with a third nitrogen atom from Winchia calophylla. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with a third nitrogen atom were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Winchia calophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xian-Da Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
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23
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Bhosale VA, Ukale DU, Waghmode SB. Total synthesis of Sceletium alkaloids (±)-joubertinamine, (±)-epijoubertinamine, (±)-tortuosamine and formal synthesis of (±)-mesembrine, (±)-N-formyltortuosamine. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient collective formal/total synthesis of Sceletium alkaloids achieved by employing the Wittig olefination–Claisen rearrangement protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj A. Bhosale
- Garware Research Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune)
- Pune 411007
- India
| | - Dattatraya U. Ukale
- Garware Research Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune)
- Pune 411007
- India
| | - Suresh B. Waghmode
- Garware Research Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune)
- Pune 411007
- India
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24
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James MJ, O'Brien P, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolenines. Chemistry 2015; 22:2856-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
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25
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Nugent J, Matoušová E, Banwell MG. A Total Synthesis of Galanthamine Involving De Novo Construction of the Aromatic C-Ring. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Li L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Jia Y. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-Galanthamine and (−)-Lycoramine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Li L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Jia Y. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-Galanthamine and (−)-Lycoramine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6255-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Silaichev PS, Filimonov VO, Slepukhin PA, Rubin M, Maslivets AN. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolindiones by Formal [5+1] Double Michael Cycloaddition to 4-Cinnamoylpyrrolediones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Feng Y, Yu ZX. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Galanthamine and (±)-Lycoramine Using Rh(I)-Catalyzed [(3 + 2) + 1] Cycloaddition of 1-Ene–Vinylcyclopropane and CO. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1952-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502604p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Devising New Syntheses of the Alkaloid Galanthamine, a Potent and Clinically Deployed Inhibitor of Acetylcholine Esterase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100023-6.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Ozaki T, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of (−)-mesembrine using the quaternary carbon-constructing allylic substitution. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Mewald M, Medley JW, Movassaghi M. Concise and enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-mehranine, (-)-methylenebismehranine, and related Aspidosperma alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11634-9. [PMID: 25196158 PMCID: PMC4240000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient and highly stereoselective strategy for the synthesis of Aspidosperma alkaloids based on the transannular cyclization of a chiral lactam precursor. Three new stereocenters are formed in this key step with excellent diastereoselectivity due to the conformational bias of the cyclization precursor, leading to a versatile pentacyclic intermediate. A subsequent stereoselective epoxidation followed by a mild formamide reduction enabled the first total synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloids (-)-mehranine and (+)-(6S,7S)-dihydroxy-N-methylaspidospermidine. A late-stage dimerization of (-)-mehranine mediated by scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate completed the first total synthesis of (-)-methylenebismehranine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Mewald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | | | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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33
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Mewald M, Medley JW, Movassaghi M. Enantioselektive Totalsynthese von (−)-Mehranin, (−)-Methylenbismehranin und verwandtenAspidosperma-Alkaloiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Lan P, Jackson CJ, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Synthesis of a D-Ring Isomer of Galanthamine via a Radical-Based Smiles Rearrangement Reaction. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6759-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lan
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Colin J. Jackson
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research
School of Chemistry,
Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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35
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Diversity-oriented approach to cyclophanes via Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Halimehjani AZ, Namboothiri INN, Hooshmand SE. Nitroalkenes in the synthesis of carbocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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37
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Mechanistic aspects of the lycopodine Michael-Claisen domino cyclization. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2173. [PMID: 24633775 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Michael-Claisen domino (MCD) cyclization used in the lycopodine synthesis by Stork, was evaluated mechanistically using DFT calculations. Calculations suggest that a dianion is not formed, which conforms to classical dianion formation normally requiring strong kinetic bases. Instead ethoxide in ethanol produces a monoanionic species driving the MCD cyclization. This endeavor has opened up potential to expand the scope of this unique reaction and provide educational clarity.
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38
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Shen XL, Zhao RR, Mo MJ, Peng FZ, Zhang HB, Shao ZH. Catalytic Enantioselective and Divergent Total Synthesis of (+)-10-Oxocylindrocarpidine, (+)-Cylindrocarpidine, (−)-N-Acetylcylindrocarpinol, and (+)-Aspidospermine. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2473-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jie Mo
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-Zhi Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Shao
- Key
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Rizzo A, Harutyunyan SR. Azabicycles construction: the transannular ring contraction with N-protected nucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6570-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies are one of the most critical factors for the success of a synthetic campaign, but most importantly they are crucial for the economy and the efficiency of the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rizzo
- University of Groningen
- Stratingh Institute
- Groningen, Netherlands
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40
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Zhao S, Andrade RB. Domino Michael/Mannich/N-Alkylation Route to the Tetrahydrocarbazole Framework of Aspidosperma Alkaloids: Concise Total Syntheses of (−)-Aspidospermidine, (−)-Tabersonine, and (−)-Vincadifformine. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13334-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408114u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senzhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Rodrigo B. Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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41
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Enantiospecific total synthesis of indole alkaloids (+)-eburnamonine, (−)-aspidospermidine and (−)-quebrachamine. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Zang Y, Ojima I. Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Etherification Using Chiral Biphenol-Based Diphosphinite Ligands and Its Application for The Formal Total Synthesis of (−)-Galanthamine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4013-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400,
United States
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43
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Geoghegan K, Evans P. Double Reduction of Cyclic Aromatic Sulfonamides: Synthesis of (+)-Mesembrine and (+)-Mesembranol. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3410-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Geoghegan
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Evans
- Centre for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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44
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4117-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Pyrrolidine catalyzed novel domino reaction for the synthesis of polysubstituted 4-oxocyclohexanecarbaldehyde derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Tian S, Zi W, Ma D. Potentially Biomimetic Total Synthesis and Relative Stereochemical Assignment of (±)-Gracilamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10141-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Tian S, Zi W, Ma D. Potentially Biomimetic Total Synthesis and Relative Stereochemical Assignment of (±)-Gracilamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Jiao L, Herdtweck E, Bach T. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective 2-Alkylation of Indoles via a Norbornene-Mediated C–H Activation: Mechanism and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14563-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3058138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiao
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching,
Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching,
Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching,
Germany
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50
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