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Safrygin A, Dar'in D, Bakulina O, Krasavin M. Synthesis of spirocyclic tetrahydroisoquinolines (spiroTHIQs) via the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Rossetti A, Sacchetti A, Gatti M, Pugliese A, Roda G. Rapid access to reverse-turn peptidomimetics by a three-component Ugi reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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St-Cyr DJ, García-Ramos Y, Doan ND, Lubell WD. Aminolactam, N-Aminoimidazolone, and N-Aminoimdazolidinone Peptide Mimics. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Stucchi M, Cairati S, Cetin-Atalay R, Christodoulou MS, Grazioso G, Pescitelli G, Silvani A, Yildirim DC, Lesma G. Application of the Ugi reaction with multiple amino acid-derived components: synthesis and conformational evaluation of piperazine-based minimalist peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4993-5005. [PMID: 25821154 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The concurrent employment of α-amino acid-derived chiral components such as aldehydes and α-isocyanoacetates, in a sequential Ugi reaction/cyclization two-step strategy, opens the door to the synthesis of three structurally distinct piperazine-based scaffolds, characterized by the presence of L-Ala and/or L-Phe-derived side chains and bearing appropriate functionalities to be easily applied in peptide chemistry. By means of computational studies, these scaffolds have been demonstrated to act as minimalist peptidomimetics, able to mimic a well defined range of peptide secondary structures and therefore potentially useful for the synthesis of small-molecule PPI modulators. Preliminary biological evaluation of two different resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cellular lines, for which differentiation versus resistance ability seem to be strongly correlated with well defined types of PPIs, has revealed a promising antiproliferative activity for selected compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Stucchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Highly stable atropisomers by electrophilic amination of a chiral γ-lactam within the synthesis of an elusive conformationally restricted analogue of α-methylhomoserine. Amino Acids 2015; 48:461-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Greco A, Tani S, De Marco R, Gentilucci L. Synthesis and Analysis of the Conformational Preferences of 5-Aminomethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione Scaffolds: First Examples of β2- and β2, 2-Homo-Freidinger Lactam Analogues. Chemistry 2014; 20:13390-404. [PMID: 25182659 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Greco
- Dept. of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0512099456
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Synthesis of a cyclic isostere of α-methyl homoserine by a stereoselective acylation–alkylation sequence of a chiral γ-lactam. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Lesma G, Cecchi R, Cagnotto A, Gobbi M, Meneghetti F, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. Tetrahydro-β-carboline-based spirocyclic lactam as type II' β-turn: application to the synthesis and biological evaluation of somatostatine mimetics. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2600-10. [PMID: 23409740 DOI: 10.1021/jo302737j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel spirocyclic lactams, embodying D-tryptophan (Trp) amino acid as the central core and acting as peptidomimetics, is presented. It relies on the strategic combination of Seebach's self-reproduction of chirality chemistry and Pictet-Spengler condensation as key steps. Investigation of the conformational behavior by molecular modeling, X-ray crystallography, and NMR and IR spectroscopies suggests very stable and highly predictable type II' β-turn conformations for all compounds. Relying on this feature, we also pursued their application to two potential mimetics of the hormone somatostatin, a pharmaceutically relevant natural peptide, which contains a Trp-based type II' β-turn pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Airaghi F, Fiorati A, Lesma G, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. The diketopiperazine-fused tetrahydro-β-carboline scaffold as a model peptidomimetic with an unusual α-turn secondary structure. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:147-54. [PMID: 23399789 PMCID: PMC3566863 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at restricting the conformational freedom of tryptophan-containing peptide ligands, we designed a THBC (tetrahydro-β-carboline)-DKP (diketopiperazine)-based peptidomimetic scaffold capable of arranging in an unusual α-turn conformation. The synthesis is based on a diastereoselective Pictet–Spengler condensation to give the THBC core, followed by an intramolecular lactamization to complete the tetracyclic THBC-DKP fused ring system. The presence of conformers bearing the intramolecular thirteen-membered hydrogen bond that characterizes the α-turn structure is confirmed by 1H NMR conformational studies. To the best of our knowledge, this scaffold represents one of the rare examples of a designed constrained α-turn mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Airaghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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De Marco R, Greco A, Rupiani S, Tolomelli A, Tomasini C, Pieraccini S, Gentilucci L. In-peptide synthesis of di-oxazolidinone and dehydroamino acid–oxazolidinone motifs as β-turn inducers. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4316-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and conformational investigation of endomorphin-2 hybrid analogues. Mol Divers 2012; 17:19-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Lesma G, Cecchi R, Crippa S, Giovanelli P, Meneghetti F, Musolino M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. Ugi 4-CR/Pictet–Spengler reaction as a short route to tryptophan-derived peptidomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9004-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Whitby LR, Ando Y, Setola V, Vogt PK, Roth BL, Boger DL. Design, synthesis, and validation of a β-turn mimetic library targeting protein-protein and peptide-receptor interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10184-94. [PMID: 21609016 DOI: 10.1021/ja201878v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a β-turn mimetic library as a key component of a small-molecule library targeting the major recognition motifs involved in protein-protein interactions is described. Analysis of a geometric characterization of 10,245 β-turns in the protein data bank (PDB) suggested that trans-pyrrolidine-3,4-dicarboxamide could serve as an effective and synthetically accessible library template. This was confirmed by initially screening select compounds against a series of peptide-activated GPCRs that recognize a β-turn structure in their endogenous ligands. This validation study was highlighted by identification of both nonbasic and basic small molecules with high affinities (K(i) = 390 and 23 nM, respectively) for the κ-opioid receptor (KOR). Consistent with the screening capabilities of collaborators and following the design validation, the complete library was assembled as 210 mixtures of 20 compounds, providing a total of 4200 compounds designed to mimic all possible permutations of 3 of the 4 residues in a naturally occurring β-turn. Unique to the design and because of the C(2) symmetry of the template, a typical 20 × 20 × 20-mix (8000 compounds prepared as 400 mixtures of 20 compounds) needed to represent 20 variations in the side chains of three amino acid residues reduces to a 210 × 20-mix, thereby simplifying the library synthesis and subsequent screening. The library was prepared using a solution-phase synthetic protocol with liquid-liquid or liquid-solid extractions for purification and conducted on a scale that insures its long-term availability for screening campaigns. Screening the library against the human opioid receptors (KOR, MOR, and DOR) identified not only the activity of library members expected to mimic the opioid receptor peptide ligands but also additional side-chain combinations that provided enhanced receptor binding selectivities (>100-fold) and affinities (as low as K(i) = 80 nM for KOR). A key insight to emerge from the studies is that the phenol of Tyr in endogenous ligands bearing the H-Tyr-Pro-Trp/Phe-Phe-NH(2) β-turn is important for MOR binding but may not be important for KOR (accommodated, but not preferred) and that the resulting selectivity for KOR observed with its removal can be increased by replacing the phenol OH with a chlorine substituent, further enhancing KOR affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon R Whitby
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Medda AK, Park CM, Jeon A, Kim H, Sohn JH, Lee HS. A Nonpeptidic Reverse-Turn Scaffold Stabilized by Urea-Based Dual Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding. Org Lett 2011; 13:3486-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201247x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amiya K. Medda
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Aram Jeon
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Sacchetti A, Silvani A, Lesma G, Pilati T. Phe-Ala-Based Diazaspirocyclic Lactam as Nucleator of Type II′ β-Turn. J Org Chem 2011; 76:833-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1019927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sacchetti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica ‘Giulio Natta’, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tullio Pilati
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari − CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Sacchetti A, Silvani A, Gatti FG, Lesma G, Pilati T, Trucchi B. Addition of TMSCN to chiral ketimines derived from isatin. Synthesis of an oxindole-based peptidomimetic and a bioactive spirohydantoin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5515-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05532a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lesma G, Landoni N, Sacchetti A, Silvani A. The spiropiperidine-3,3′-oxindole scaffold: a type II β-turn peptide isostere. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Berlinck RGS, Burtoloso ACB, Trindade-Silva AE, Romminger S, Morais RP, Bandeira K, Mizuno CM. The chemistry and biology of organic guanidine derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1871-907. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Breuning M, Häuser T, Mehler C, Däschlein C, Strohmann C, Oechsner A, Braunschweig H. Enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic amino acid derivatives based on a rigid 4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0]decane skeleton. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:81. [PMID: 20300505 PMCID: PMC2839531 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective route to four tricyclic amino acids and N-tosylamides, composed of a central norbornane framework with a 2-endo,3-endo-annelated pyrrolidine ring and a 5-endo-C₁ or -C₂ side chain, has been developed. A key intermediate was the chiral, N-Boc-protected ketone (1R,2S,6S,7R)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0²,⁶]decan-8-one, available from inexpensive endo-carbic anhydride in five steps and 47% yield. The rigid scaffold makes these amino acid derivatives promising candidates for beta-turn-inducing building blocks in peptidomimetics and for chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Breuning
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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