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Jung SH, Park SH, Kwon NY, Park JY, Kang MJ, Koh CW, Cho MJ, Park S, Choi DH. Novel π-Extended Indolocarbazole-Based Deep-Blue Fluorescent Emitter with Remarkably Narrow Bandwidth for Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56106-56115. [PMID: 37994594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), achieving high color purity and efficiency is as important as that in vacuum processes. Emitters suitable for solution processing must have excellent solubility in organic solvents, high molecular weight, and compatibility with the host materials. In this study, we synthesized a deep-blue emitter that satisfies the above conditions by introducing a 1,4-bis(indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazol-2-yl)benzene-based planar emitting core (DICz) structure and four 3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (tCz) peripheral units, namely, 4tCz-DICz. A comparative compound, 4Hex-DICz, incorporating hexyl phenyl groups was synthesized. In contrast to 4Hex-DICz, 4tCz-DICz exhibited exceptional solubility in organic solvents and superior film-forming properties attributed to the presence of tCz units. Additionally, in the film state, the effective encapsulation of the emitting core (DICz) by the tCz units in 4tCz-DICz helps prevent undesirable molecular aggregation. The solution-processed OLEDs employing the CH-2D1 film, doped with 5 wt % 4tCz-DICz as the emitting layer, exhibited a deep-blue emission at 424 nm, characterized by a narrow bandwidth of 22 nm, and achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of approximately 4.0%. In contrast, the 4Hex-DICz-based device demonstrated an EQE of 2.91%. Consequently, we have successfully demonstrated that the introduction of four bulky tCz units into the DICz core is a promising molecular design strategy for the development of soluble indolocarbazole-based emitters, especially those used in high-performance deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Sturala J, Luxa J, Matějková S, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Germanane synthesis with simultaneous covalent functionalization: towards highly functionalized fluorescent germananes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19327-19333. [PMID: 31423498 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monoelemental 2D-materials beyond graphene are attracting great attention. Although monolayer graphene or phosphorene can be prepared from its layered 3D form, graphite or black phosphorus, by exfoliation of a large van der Waals crystal, this route is not suitable for the preparation of 2D-germanene based materials due to the crystal structure and chemical properties of germanium. Unlike graphene or phosphorene, these materials are prepared by chemical exfoliation from bulk Zintl phases - here represented by calcium germanide. We describe the exfoliation and subsequent modification of calcium germanide, which yields layered germanium materials with alkyl or aryl groups. Different organic functional groups covalently attached to layered germanane exhibit a very intense fluorescence in the blue region, which makes them prospective materials for further application in optoelectronic devices. The described procedure for covalently functionalized germananes represents the way for the production of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sturala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Karpiuk J, Gawryś P, Karpiuk E, Suwińska K. Electron transfer across a spiro link: extreme solvatofluorochromism of a compact spiro-bridged N, N-dimethylaniline-phthalide dyad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8414-8417. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast intramolecular electron transfer over a spiro link leads to record-breaking solvatofluorochromism [11 600 cm−1, from 357 (hexane) to 595 nm (acetonitrile)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Karpiuk
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Paweł Gawryś
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Elena Karpiuk
- Institute of Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-668 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Kinga Suwińska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
- 01-938 Warsaw
- Poland
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Braendle A, Vidovič C, Mösch-Zanetti NC, Niederberger M, Caseri W. Synthesis of High Molar Mass Poly(phenylene methylene) Catalyzed by Tungsten(II) Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080881. [PMID: 30960806 PMCID: PMC6404035 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(phenylene methylene)s (PPMs) with high molar masses were isolated by polymerization of benzyl chloride catalyzed with tungsten(II) compounds and subsequent fractionation. Four different tungsten(II) catalysts were successfully exploited for the polymerization, for which a strict temperature profile was developed. The PPMs possessed roughly a trimodal molar mass distribution. Simple fractionation by phase separation of 2-butanone solutions allowed to effectively segregate the products primarily into PPM of low molar mass (Mn = 1600 g mol−1) and high molar mass (Mn = 167,900 g mol−1); the latter can be obtained in large quantities up to 50 g. The evolution of the trimodal distribution and the monomer conversion was monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy, respectively, over the course of the polymerization. The results revealed that polymerization proceeded via a chain-growth mechanism. This study illustrates a new approach to synthesize PPM with hitherto unknown high molar masses which opens the possibility to explore new applications, e.g., for temperature-resistant coatings, fluorescent coatings, barrier materials or optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Braendle
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Carina Vidovič
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Nadia C Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Markus Niederberger
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Walter Caseri
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Distyrylbenzene-based segmented conjugated polymers: Synthesis, thin film morphology and chemosensing of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nitroaromatics in aqueous media. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Braendle A, Perevedentsev A, Cheetham NJ, Stavrinou PN, Schachner JA, Mösch-Zanetti NC, Niederberger M, Caseri WR. Homoconjugation in poly(phenylene methylene)s: A case study of non-π-conjugated polymers with unexpected fluorescent properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Braendle
- Department of Materials; Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Aleksandr Perevedentsev
- Department of Materials; Polymer Technology, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3PJ United Kingdom
| | - Jörg A. Schachner
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz; Schubertstrasse 1 Graz 8010 Austria
| | - Nadia C. Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz; Schubertstrasse 1 Graz 8010 Austria
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Department of Materials; Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Walter R. Caseri
- Department of Materials; Multifunctional Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
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Cai C, Chen R, He J, Feng J, Zhang X. Special Chiral C2-Symmetric endo-Biarylnorbornane: Synthesis and Structure Illustration. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rueda-Zubiaurre A, Herrero-García N, del Rosario Torres M, Fernández I, Osío Barcina J. Rational Design of a Nonbasic Molecular Receptor for Selective NH4+/K+Complexation in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2012; 18:16884-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Herrero-García N, del Rosario Colorado Heras M, del Rosario Torres M, Fernández I, Osío Barcina J. A Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation on Homoconjugated Push-Pull Chromophores Derived from 7,7-Diphenylnorbornane. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Ueno S, Saeki A, Asano A, Seki S, Chujo Y. π-Electron-System-Layered Polymer: Through-Space Conjugation and Properties as a Single Molecular Wire. Chemistry 2012; 18:4216-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Osío Barcina J, Fernández I, del Rosario Colorado Heras M. 7-Arylnorbornanes: Model Compounds for the Study of CH···π and OH···π Interactions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Del Rosso PG, Almassio MF, Garay RO. Chemosensing of nitroaromatics with a new segmented conjugated quaterphenylene polymer. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Herrero‐García N, Fernández I, Osío Barcina J. Electron Delocalization in Homoconjugated 7,7‐Diarylnorbornane Systems: A Computational and Experimental Study. Chemistry 2011; 17:7327-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Herrero‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain), Fax: (+34) 91‐3944103
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain), Fax: (+34) 91‐3944103
| | - José Osío Barcina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain), Fax: (+34) 91‐3944103
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Pingale SS. Molecular electrostatic potential for exploring π-conjugation: a density-functional investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15158-65. [PMID: 21779585 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gu X, Lai YH. Triptycene: No Homoconjugation Effect for Extending Optical Properties of π-Conjugated Oligomers. Org Lett 2010; 12:5200-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102147f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Yee-Hing Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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19
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Morisaki Y, Fernandes JA, Chujo Y. Xanthene-Based Oligothiophene-Layered Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Sawamura T, Murakami T, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Anthracene-Stacked Oligomers and Polymer. Org Lett 2010; 12:3188-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1011295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sawamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Murakami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Osío Barcina J, Herrero-García N, Cucinotta F, De Cola L, Contreras-Carballada P, Williams R, Guerrero-Martínez A. Efficient Photoinduced Energy Transfer Mediated by Aromatic Homoconjugated Bridges. Chemistry 2010; 16:6033-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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