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Meng FT, Wang YN, Qin XY, Li SJ, Li J, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Lan Y, Jiang B. Azoarene activation for Schmidt-type reaction and mechanistic insights. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7393. [PMID: 36450750 PMCID: PMC9712421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schmidt rearrangement, a reaction that enables C-C or C-H σ bond cleavage and nitrogen insertion across an aldehyde or ketone substrate, is one of the most important and widely used synthetic tools for the installation of amides and nitriles. However, such a reaction frequently requires volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents as the nitrogen donor, thus limiting its application to some extent. Here, we show a Schmidt-type reaction where aryldiazonium salts act as the nitrogen precursor and in-situ-generated cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl acetates serve as pronucleophiles from gold-catalyzed Nazarov cyclization of 1,3-enyne acetates. Noteworthy is that cycloketone-derived 1,3-enyne acetates enabled ring-expansion relay to access a series of 2-pyridone-containing fused heterocycles, in which nonsymmetric cycloketone-derived counterparts demonstrated high regioselectivity. Aside from investigating the scope of this Schmidt-type reaction, mechanistic details of this transformation are provided by performing systematic theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Tao Meng
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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2
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Bailly C. A world tour in the name of natural products. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154080. [PMID: 35405614 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Names of natural products (NP) are usually given depending on the species of origin, be it a plant, a marine organism or a microbial species. In some cases, names have been given with reference to people, animals, music, foods or places. Many NP refer to countries, cities or specific places such as mountains, deserts, seas and oceans. PURPOSE On the basis of NP names, a world tour has been imagined referring to more than one hundred NP with names evocative of over 50 countries and regions. RESULTS The world tour goes from UK (britannin) to Italy (vaticanol) in Europe, from Uganda (ugandoside) to Senegal (senegalene, senegalenines) in Africa, from Brazil (brasilin) to Chile (santiaguine) in South America, from Utah (utahin) to Florida (floridanolide) in the US. It includes Central America (mexicanin, panamine) and the Caribbean islands (jamaicin, bahamaolides). It also crosses Alaska (alaskene) and Canada (quebecol, canadaline). The tour continues throughout Asia, from Thailand (thailandine) to China (Chinaldine) and Pakistan (pakistanamine), to finally reaches Oceania with Australia (australigenin) and Vanuatu (vanuatine), among other countries. This virtual journey, without bordure or wall, brings us to the highest mountains (himalayamine), the deepest oceans (pacificins) and the largest deserts (desertomycin). CONCLUSION In the current period of COVID-19 pandemia, with restricted opportunities for international travels, this NP name-based virtual journey offers a world tour to learn more from nature and to inspire scientists to contribute to the field of NP discovery and drug design. There are also limitations associated with the use of trivial names for NP. NP names can be further exploited for teaching and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille (Wasquehal) 59290, France.
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3
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Zhang FG, Chen Z, Tang X, Ma JA. Triazines: Syntheses and Inverse Electron-demand Diels-Alder Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14555-14593. [PMID: 34586777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazines are an important class of six-membered aromatic heterocycles possessing three nitrogen atoms, resulting in three types of regio-isomers: 1,2,4-triazines (a-triazines), 1,2,3-triazines (v-triazines), and 1,3,5-triazines (s-triazines). Notably, the application of triazines as cyclic aza-dienes in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition reactions has been established as a unique and powerful method in N-heterocycle synthesis, natural product preparation, and bioorthogonal chemistry. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advances in the construction of these triazines via annulation and ring-expansion reactions, especially emphasizing recent developments and challenges. The synthetic transformations of triazines are focused on IEDDA cycloaddition reactions, which have allowed access to a wide scope of heterocycles, including pyridines, carbolines, azepines, pyridazines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines. The utilization of triazine IEDDA reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis is also discussed. More importantly, a particular attention is paid on the bioorthogonal application of triazines in fast click ligation with various strained alkenes and alkynes, which opens a new opportunity for studying biomolecules in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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5
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Varenikov A, Shapiro E, Gandelman M. Decarboxylative Halogenation of Organic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:412-484. [PMID: 33200917 PMCID: PMC7884003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative halogenation, or halodecarboxylation, represents one of the fundamental key methods for the synthesis of ubiquitous organic halides. The method is based on conversion of carboxylic acids to the corresponding organic halides via selective cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond between the skeleton of the molecule and the carboxylic group and the liberation of carbon dioxide. In this review, we discuss and analyze major approaches for the conversion of alkanoic, alkenoic, acetylenic, and (hetero)aromatic acids to the corresponding alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and (hetero)aryl halides. These methods include the preparation of families of valuable organic iodides, bromides, chlorides, and fluorides. The historic and modern methods for halodecarboxylation reactions are broadly discussed, including analysis of their advantages and drawbacks. We critically address the features, reaction selectivity, substrate scopes, and limitations of the approaches. In the available cases, mechanistic details of the reactions are presented, and the generality and uniqueness of the different mechanistic pathways are highlighted. The challenges, opportunities, and future directions in the field of decarboxylative halogenation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Varenikov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Evgeny Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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6
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Perspective: Reflections on a career in synthetic organic chemistry, 1970 to 2020. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Kushwaha N, Sharma CS. The Chemistry of Triazine Isomers: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis and Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2104-2122. [PMID: 32727324 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729160720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazine is the six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogens, which replace the carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring. Based on nitrogen position present in the ring system, it is categorized in three isomeric forms, i.e., 1, 2, 3-triazine (vicinal triazine), 1, 2, 4-triazine (asymmetrical triazine or isotriazine) and 1, 3, 5-triazine (symmetrical or s-triazine or cyanidine). Triazines have a weakly basic property. Their isomers have much weaker resonance energy than benzene structure, so nucleophilic substitution reactions are more preferred than electrophilic substitution reactions. Triazine isomers and their derivatives are known to play important roles possessing various activities in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal, antimalarial and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelottama Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
| | - C S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
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8
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Das P, Ray S, Saha R, Mukhopadhyay C. One‐Pot Synthesis of Densely Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine Mediated by Isocyanide‐Assisted Reduction of C−C Double Bond. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
- Department of Chemistry Asutosh CollegeUniversity of Calcutta 92 S. P. Mukherjee Road Kolkata 700026 India
| | - Suman Ray
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
- Department of ChemistryPresidency University 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Inorganic and PhysicalChemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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9
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Li H, Liang J, Huo C. Oxidative Dehydrogenative [3+3] Annulation of Benzylhydrazines with Aziridines Leading to Tetrahydrotriazines. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Jia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Congde Huo
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environment‐Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
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10
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Marzi M, Shiroudi A, Pourshamsian K, Oliaey AR, Hatamjafari F. A theoretical study of the tautomerism kinetics of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one in the gas phase: NBO population and NICS analysis. J Sulphur Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2018.1548621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Marzi
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shiroudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Pourshamsian
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Oliaey
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Farhad Hatamjafari
- Chemistry Department, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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11
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Zhang L, Chen JJ, Liu SS, Liang YX, Zhao YL. DBU-Catalyzed [3+3] and [3+2] Annulation Reactions of Azomethine Ylides with α-Diazocarbonyls asN-Terminal Electrophiles: Modular, Atom-Economical Access to 1,2,4-Triazine and 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Liang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
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12
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Dowling MS, Jiao W, Hou J, Jiang Y, Gong S. Modular Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted-1,2,4-triazines via the Cyclodehydration of β-Keto-N-acylsulfonamides with Hydrazine Salts. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Dowling
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Wenhua Jiao
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jie Hou
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yuchun Jiang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shangsheng Gong
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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Dyachenko IV, Dyachenko VD. Cycloalka[c]pyridine derivatives. Methods of synthesis and chemical properties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Jouha J, Buttard F, Lorion M, Berthonneau C, Khouili M, Hiebel MA, Guillaumet G, Brière JF, Suzenet F. Domino Aza-Michael-ih-Diels–Alder Reaction to Various 3-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazines: Access to Polysubstituted Tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridines. Org Lett 2017; 19:4770-4773. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jabrane Jouha
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR
7311, 45067 Orléans, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane - Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 523, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Floris Buttard
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR
7311, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Magali Lorion
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR
7311, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Clément Berthonneau
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA
(UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane - Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 523, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | | | | | - Jean-François Brière
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA
(UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR
7311, 45067 Orléans, France
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Shafikov MZ, Suleymanova AF, Kozhevnikov DN, König B. Tuning the Excimer Emission of Amphiphilic Platinum(II) Complexes Mediated by Phospholipid Vesicles. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4885-4897. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z. Shafikov
- Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | | | | | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Crespin L, Biancalana L, Morack T, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. One-Pot Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening/Cyclization/Oxidation of Aziridines with N-Tosylhydrazones: Access to 1,2,4-Triazines. Org Lett 2017; 19:1084-1087. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Crespin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tobias Morack
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - David C. Blakemore
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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17
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Bellam R, Jaganyi D. Substitution Kinetics of [Fe(PDT/PPDT)n(phen)m]2+(n≠m;n,m= 1,2) with 2,2′-Bipyridine, 1,10-Phenanthroline, and 2,2′,6,2″-Terpyridine. INT J CHEM KINET 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bellam
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
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18
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Shafikov MZ, Kozhevnikov DN, Bodensteiner M, Brandl F, Czerwieniec R. Modulation of Intersystem Crossing Rate by Minor Ligand Modifications in Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7457-66. [PMID: 27388146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of four new platinum(II) complexes comprising extended ppy (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) and thpy (Hthpy = 2-(2'-thienyl)pyridine) cyclometalated ligands and acetylacetonate (acac) are reported. Substitution of the benzene ring of Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 with a more electron-rich thiophene of Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 leads to narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap and thus to a red shift of the lowest energy absorption band and phosphorescence band, as expected for low-energy excited states of the intraligand/metal-to-ligand charge transfer character. However, in addition to these conventional spectral shifts, another, at first unexpected, substitution effect occurs. Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 are dual emissive showing fluorescence about 6000 cm(-1) (∼0.75 eV) higher in energy relative to the phosphorescence band, while for Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 only phosphorescence is observed. For dual-emissive complexes 3 and 4, ISC rates kISC are estimated to be in order of 10(9)-10(10) s(-1), while kISC of Pt-ppy complexes 1 and 2 is much faster amounting to 10(12) s(-1) or more. The relative intensities of the fluorescence and phosphorescence signals of Pt-thpy complexes 3 and 4 depend on the excitation wavelength, showing that hyper-intersystem crossing (HISC) in these complexes is observably significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsel Z Shafikov
- Ural Federal University , Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia.,I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis , Ekaterinburg, 620041, Russia
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19
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Hassam M, Taher A, Arnott GE, Green IR, van Otterlo WAL. Isomerization of Allylbenzenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5462-569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Abu Taher
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Gareth E. Arnott
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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20
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Abdel-Rahman RM, Makki MST, Ali TE, Ibrahim MA. 1,2,4-Triazine Chemistry Part IV: Synthesis and Chemical Behavior of 3-Functionalized 5,6-Diphenyl-1,2,4-triazines towards Some Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Reagents. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reda M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. T. Makki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarik E. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education; Ain Shams University; Roxy Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education; Ain Shams University; Roxy Cairo Egypt
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21
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Schmidt A, Hilt G. Unprecedented Cobalt-Catalyzed Isomerization Reactions to Single Skipped 2,4,7-Trienes Applied in the Synthesis of Urushiol. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2407-10. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Margrey KA, Hazzard AD, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of 2-Pyridones by Cycloreversion of [2.2.2]- Bicycloalkene Diketopiperazines. Org Lett 2014; 16:904-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403632t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila A. Margrey
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Amy D. Hazzard
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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23
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Wang SW, Guo WS, Wen LR, Li M. A new approach to pyridines through the reactions of methyl ketones with 1,2,4-triazines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new route to prepare pyridine derivatives based on inverse electron demand Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder reactions of ketones with 1,2,4-triazines is reported, which is complementary to the classical Boger reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Si Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Li-Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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24
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Flow synthesis of annulated 5-aryl-substituted pyridines by tandem intramolecular inverse-electron-demand hetero-/retro-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Longstreet AR, Campbell BS, Gupton BF, McQuade DT. Improved synthesis of mono- and disubstituted 2-halonicotinonitriles from alkylidene malononitriles. Org Lett 2013; 15:5298-301. [PMID: 24093933 DOI: 10.1021/ol4025265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyridines with 2,3,4 and/or 5 substitution remain challenging to prepare. Existing strategies to form multisubstituted 2-halonicotinonitriles via enamines suffer from dimerization of the starting alkylidene malononitriles resulting in low yields. Through alteration of reaction conditions, a new high yielding method into enamines was realized by condensing DMF-DMA and alkylidene malononitriles in the presence of substoichiometric acetic anhydride. Cyclization of the resulting enamines under Pinner conditions provided 2-halonicotinonitriles in high overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Longstreet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States , and Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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26
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Lehmann J, Alzieu T, Martin RE, Britton R. The Kondrat'eva reaction in flow: direct access to annulated pyridines. Org Lett 2013; 15:3550-3. [PMID: 23805911 DOI: 10.1021/ol4013525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow inverse-electron-demand Kondrat'eva reaction has been developed that provides direct access to cycloalka[c]pyridines from unactivated oxazoles and cycloalkenes. Annulated pyridines obtained by this one-step process are valuable scaffolds for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lehmann
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Foster RAA, Willis MC. Tandem inverse-electron-demand hetero-/retro-Diels–Alder reactions for aromatic nitrogen heterocycle synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:63-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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29
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Pünner F, Schmidt A, Hilt G. Up the Hill: Selective Double-Bond Isomerization of Terminal 1,3-Dienes towards Z-1,3-Dienes or 2Z,4E-Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1270-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Pünner F, Schmidt A, Hilt G. Up the Hill: Selektive Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von terminalen 1,3-Dienen zu Z-1,3-Dienen oder 2Z,4E-Dienen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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32
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Cuthbertson JD, Godfrey AA, Taylor RJ. Synthesis of isoquinuclidinones via a tandem amination/imination sequence: application to the synthesis of (−)-mearsine. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Kozhevnikov DN, Prokhorov AM. Triazines, Tetrazines and Fused Ring Polyaza Systems. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(11)22014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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34
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Kessler SN, Wegner HA. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Inverse Electron-Demand Diels−Alder Reaction of 1,2-Diazines. Org Lett 2010; 12:4062-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101701z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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35
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Gauthier D, Lindhardt AT, Olsen EPK, Overgaard J, Skrydstrup T. In Situ Generated Bulky Palladium Hydride Complexes as Catalysts for the Efficient Isomerization of Olefins. Selective Transformation of Terminal Alkenes to 2-Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7998-8009. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gauthier
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben P. K. Olsen
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- The Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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36
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Raw SA, Taylor RJ. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of 1,2,4-Triazines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 100 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(10)10003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Lu X, Long TE. o-Nitrophenyl Sulfoxides: Efficient Precursors for the Mild Preparation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2009; 75:249-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902248z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
- Center for Drug Discovery
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