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Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Efficient Radical-Mediated Intermolecular α-Alkylation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds with Nonactivated Alkenes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400319. [PMID: 38676345 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alkylation reactions are fundamental carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. Among them, intermolecular α-alkylation reactions of carbonyl compounds with alkenes are important because they are more atom-economical than the equivalent processes using alkyl halides. However, intermolecular reactions with nonactivated alkenes such as 1-hexene, which can allow the use of a wide range of valuable substrates, have been considered to be very challenging for a long time. In this review, radical-mediated intermolecular α-alkylation reactions of carbonyl compounds with nonactivated alkenes are discussed. The examples are grouped into three types of reactions: peroxide-mediated reactions, metal-oxidant-mediated reactions, and photoactivated reactions. Photoredox-catalyzed alkylation reactions under visible-light irradiation are discussed as a particularly promising recent hot topic. This review provides brief history and new prospects on the α-alkylation process with nonactivated alkenes using α-carbonyl radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
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2
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Li JZ, Zhang WK, Ge GP, Zheng H, Wei WT. Recent progress in the radical α-C(sp 3)-H functionalization of ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7333-7347. [PMID: 34612358 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The direct use structurally simple ketones as α-ketone radical sources for α-C(sp3)-H functionalization is a sustainable and powerful approach for constructing complex and multifunctional chemical scaffolds with diverse applications. The reactions of α-ketone radicals with alkenes, alkynes, enynes, imides, and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines have broadened the structural diversity and complexity of ketones. Through chosen illustrative examples, we outline the recent progress in the development of methods that enable the radical α-C(sp3)-H functionalization of ketones, with an emphasis on radical initiation systems and possible mechanisms of the transformations. The application of these strategies is illustrated by the synthesis of several biologically active molecules and drug molecules. Further subdivision is based on substrate type and reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Hoffmann H, Tausch MW. Intermolecular Photoredox Coupling: Alternative to Norrish Type II Reaction and Yang Cyclization in Ketones with γ‐C−H Bonds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Naturwissenschaften und Technik Provadis School of International Management and Technology AG Industriepark Höchst, Gebäude B 835 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Michael W. Tausch
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gebäude V.11.027 Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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4
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Photogenerated electrophilic radicals for the umpolung of enolate chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Zhou DG. Mechanisms of Csp3-H functionalization of acetonitrile or acetone with coumarins: A DFT investigation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tian Y, Ge Y, Zheng L, Yan Q, Ren Y, Wang Z, Zhang K, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li Z. A Free Radical Cascade Difunctionalization of
o
‐Vinylanilides with Simple Ketones and Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous MaterialsLuoyang Normal University Luoyang, Henan 471022 P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Ge
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Luping Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous MaterialsLuoyang Normal University Luoyang, Henan 471022 P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Yan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Yingming Ren
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous MaterialsLuoyang Normal University Luoyang, Henan 471022 P. R. China
| | - Jincan Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
| | - Zejiang Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding, Hebei 071002 P. R. China
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Xiao Y, Liu ZQ. Free Radical Addition of Nitrile, Ketone, and Ester to Alkyne and the Selectivity Discussion. Org Lett 2019; 21:8810-8813. [PMID: 31633360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and practical atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of simple nitriles, ketones, and esters to alkynes was developed. It can allow an efficient access to a wide range of β,γ-unsaturated nitriles, ketones, and esters. The unique chemoselectivity in this system is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Zhang R, Jin S, Liu Q, Lin S, Yan Z. Transition Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Coumarins with Acetonitrile or Acetone. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13030-13035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhou Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohua Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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Annadi K, Wee AGH. An Alkylidene Carbene C–H Activation Approach toward the Enantioselective Syntheses of Spirolactams: Application to the Synthesis of (−)-Adalinine. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1021-38. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Annadi
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Andrew G. H. Wee
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
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Keipour H, Hosseini A, Afsari A, Oladee R, Khalilzadeh MA, Ollevier T. CsF/clinoptilolite: an efficient solid base in SNAr and copper-catalyzed Ullmann reactions. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CsF/clinoptilolite was found to be an efficient solid base catalyst for both SNAr and Ullmann ether reactions. A general and efficient one-step procedure was developed for the synthesis of biaryl ethers via direct coupling of electron-deficient aryl halides to phenols using CsF/clinoptilolite. The protocol was also applied to electron-rich aryl halides by addition of a catalytic amount of copper oxide nanoparticles. Both SNAr and Ullmann reactions were rapid and provided good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keipour
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Amir Afsari
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Razieh Oladee
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | | | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Abstract
In this chapter, most of the reported work deals with the photochemistry of carbonyl compounds; however, the photoreactions of other functions, such as the photo-Claisen rearrangement or the photocleavage of cyclic ethers, are also included. In the present volume, time coverage is 2010–2011, and only original research articles are quoted. In general, reviews or purely theoretical calculations are not systematically included. As usually, the material is organized according to established types of reactions (e.g., Norrish I/II, hydrogen abstraction, Paternò-Büchi, photoelimination, photo-Fries/photo-Claisen, etc.). After presenting the basic photochemical aspects, more specific findings are reported. They include synthetic applications, stereoselectivity, and biological or technological implications. Next, the attention is focused on photochemical reactions in anisotropic media, including (micro)heterogeneous or supramolecular systems, solid matrixes or fully organized crystals. Finally, mechanistic studies based on direct experimental evidence are highlighted, especially when transient absorption spectroscopy or related ultrafast detection are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
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12
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Theoretical study of the carbonyl-ene reaction between formaldehyde and propylene on the MgY zeolite. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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