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Jia SM, Huang YH, Wang ZL, Fan FX, Fan BH, Sun HX, Wang H, Wang F. Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Aliphatic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16316-16324. [PMID: 36047787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an efficient and highly diastereoselective intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with aliphatic azides in the presence of silane. The system tolerates a wide range of azides and alkenes and operates with alkene as limiting reagent. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway that involves aminium radical formation, radical addition to alkenes and HAT from silane to β-aminium alkyl radical. The use of sterically bulky silane is proposed to contribute to the excellent diastereoselectivity for HAT. Computational analysis uncovers the reaction pathway of aliphatic azide activation with silyl radical for aminyl radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Hang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhan-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo-Han Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Kiyokawa K, Okumatsu D, Minakata S. Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group and Their Use in the Oxidative Amination of Silyl Ketene Acetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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3
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Kiyokawa K, Okumatsu D, Minakata S. Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group and Their Use in the Oxidative Amination of Silyl Ketene Acetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8907-8911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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4
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Heteroatom-Centred Radicals for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2018_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Kempter I, Schur C, Huttenlochner K, Bergsträßer RM, Wolff B, Kopf T, Hartung J. 2,3-cis-Cyclization of 4-pentenoxyl radicals. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Zhou ZZ, Zheng L, Yan XB, Jin DP, He YT, Liang YM. Silver-promoted cinnamamidyl radical-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization: highly regioselective synthesis of phosphorylated azaspiro[4.5]decenones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4507-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel cinnamamidyl radical-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization to synthesize phosphorylated azaspiro[4.5]decenones has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Lan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Biao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Dong-Po Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
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7
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Stockdill JL, Lopez AM, Ibrahim AA. Toward the ABCD Core of the Calyciphylline A-Type Daphniphyllum Alkaloids: Solvent non-Innocence in Neutral Aminyl Radical Cyclizations. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3503-3506. [PMID: 26028785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Daphniphyllum alkaloids remain an attractive target in the synthetic community because of their unique framework and promising biological activities. We have shown that the ABC core of the calyciphylline A-type alkaloids can be rapidly accessed via the tandem cyclization of a neutral aminyl radical with a polarized cyclic olefin. Deuterium labeling experiments and reactions omitting a tin hydride reagent suggest that the solvent is the major source of the terminating hydrogen atom in the cyclization cascade. Incorporation of an internal alkyne in the radical pathway was tolerated in the reaction, and it provided the necessary atoms to enable completion of the D ring of the calyciphylline A-type alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stockdill
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Alberto M Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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8
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Schur C, Kelm H, Gottwald T, Ludwig A, Kneuer R, Hartung J. Annulated and bridged tetrahydrofurans from alkenoxyl radical cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8288-307. [PMID: 25208936 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Pentenoxyl radicals sharing two or more carbon atoms with a cycloalkane cyclize in a predictable manner stereoselectively and regioselectively to afford in solutions of bromotrichloromethane cycloalkyl-fused or -bridged 2-bromomethyltetrahydrofurans in up to 95% yield. Stereoselectivity in alkenoxyl radical ring closures arises from cumulative steric effects. The substituent positioned the closest to the alkene carbon, which is being attacked by the oxygen radical, exerts the strongest stereodirecting effect. This principal inductor guides 5-exo-cyclization 2,3-trans- or 2,4-cis-selectively. The substituent located further from the attacked π-bond is the secondary inductor. A secondary inductor in the relative trans-configuration enhances stereodifferentiation by the primary inductor; a cis-configured secondary inductor decreases this effect. A secondary inductor is not able to overrule the guiding effect of a similar sized primary inductor. Intramolecular 4-pentenoxyl radical additions to a cyclohexene-bound exo-methylene group or to endocyclic double bonds proceed cis-specifically, as exemplified by synthesis of a diastereomerically pure bromobicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl-annulated tetrahydrofuran from the verbenylethyloxyl radical. According to theory, the experimental 2,3-cis-specificity in alkoxyl radical cyclization to an endocyclic π-bond arises from strain associated with the 2,3-trans-ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schur
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Ibrahim AA, Golonka AN, Lopez AM, Stockdill JL. Rapid access to the heterocyclic core of the calyciphylline A and daphnicyclidin A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids via tandem cyclization of a neutral aminyl radical. Org Lett 2014; 16:1072-5. [PMID: 24506430 PMCID: PMC3954529 DOI: 10.1021/ol4034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A streamlined approach to the tertiary
amine-containing core of
the calyciphylline A and daphnicyclidin A-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids is presented. A known carvone derivative is converted
into the core structure in only four synthetic operations, and it
is well poised for further elaboration. The key enabling methodology
is a radical cyclization cascade beginning with addition of a secondary,
neutral aminyl radical to the β-position of an enone, followed
by trapping with a pendant alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Zhuang S, Liu K, Li C. Stereoselective 6-Exo Cyclization of Amidyl Radicals. An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8100-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2014406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunjun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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