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Molloy JJ, Schäfer M, Wienhold M, Morack T, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Boron-enabled geometric isomerization of alkenes via selective energy-transfer catalysis. Science 2020; 369:302-306. [PMID: 32675371 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isomerization-based strategies to enable the stereodivergent construction of complex polyenes from geometrically defined alkene linchpins remain conspicuously underdeveloped. Mitigating the thermodynamic constraints inherent to isomerization is further frustrated by the considerations of atom efficiency in idealized low-molecular weight precursors. In this work, we report a general ambiphilic C3 scaffold that can be isomerized and bidirectionally extended. Predicated on highly efficient triplet energy transfer, the selective isomerization of β-borylacrylates is contingent on the participation of the boron p orbital in the substrate chromophore. Rotation of the C(sp2)-B bond by 90° in the product renders re-excitation inefficient and endows directionality. This subtle stereoelectronic gating mechanism enables the stereocontrolled syntheses of well-defined retinoic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Max Wienhold
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Morack
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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2
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Okitsu T, Yamano Y, Shen YC, Sasaki T, Kobayashi Y, Morisawa S, Yamashita T, Imamoto Y, Shichida Y, Wada A. Synthesis of One Double Bond-Inserted Retinal Analogs and Their Binding Experiments with Opsins: Preparation of Novel Red-Shifted Channelrhodopsin Variants. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:265-272. [PMID: 32115534 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In optogenetics, red-shifted channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are eagerly sought. We prepared six kinds of new chromophores with one double bond inserted into the polyene side chain of retinal (A1) or 3,4-didehydroretinal (A2), and examined their binding efficiency with opsins (ReaChR and ChrimsonR). All analogs bound with opsins to afford new ChRs. Among them, A2-10ex (an extra double bond is inserted at the C10-C11 position of A2) showed the greatest red-shift in the absorption spectrum of ChrimsonR, with a maximum absorbance at 654 nm (67 nm red-shifted from that of A1-ChrimsonR). Moreover, a long-wavelength spectral boundary of A2-10ex-ChrimsonR was extended to 756 nm, which reached into the far-red region (710-850 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okitsu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yi-Chung Shen
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Toshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shoko Morisawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Yasushi Imamoto
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | | | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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3
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Navidi M, Yadav S, Struts AV, Brown MF, Nesnas N. Synthesis of 9-CD 3-9- cis-Retinal Cofactor of Isorhodopsin. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:4521-4524. [PMID: 30692701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 9-CD3-9-cis-retinal via a six-step procedure from β-ionone. The steps involve an initial deuteration of the methyl ketone of β-ionone followed by two consecutive Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) coupling reactions and their corresponding DIBAL reductions. A final oxidation of the allylic alcohol of the retinol leads to the target compound. This deuterium labeled retinoid is an important cofactor for studying protein-retinoid interactions in isorhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Navidi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Shreya Yadav
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Andrey V Struts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Michael F Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
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4
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Heymann T, Westphal L, Wessjohann L, Glomb MA. Growing and processing conditions lead to changes in the carotenoid profile of spinach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4960-4967. [PMID: 24831992 DOI: 10.1021/jf501136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different light regimens during spinach cultivation on the isomeric composition of β-carotene. Irradiation with a halogen lamp, which has a wavelength spectrum close to that of daylight, was used to mimic field-grown conditions. The additional use of optical filters was established as a model system for greenhouse cultivation. Field-grown model systems led to a preferential increase of 9-cis-β-carotene, whereas 13-cis-β-carotene was just formed at the beginning of irradiation. Additionally 9,13-di-cis-β-carotene decreased significantly in the presence of energy-rich light. Isomerization of β-carotene was strongly suppressed during irradiation in greenhouse-grown model systems and led to significant differences. These results were verified in biological samples. Authentic field-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) showed among changes of other isomers a significantly higher level of 9-cis-isomers (7.52 ± 0.14%) and a significantly lower level of 9,13-di-cis-isomers (0.25 ± 0.03%) compared to authentic greenhouse-grown spinach (6.49 ± 0.11 and 0.76 ± 0.05%). Almost all analyzed commercial spinach samples (fresh and frozen) were identified as common field-grown cultivation. Further investigations resulted in a clear differentiation of frozen commercial samples from fresh spinach, caused by significantly higher levels of 13-cis- and 15-cis-β-carotene as a result of industrial blanching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heymann
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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5
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Pori M, Galletti P, Soldati R, Calzà L, Mangano C, Giacomini D. Azetidinone–retinoid hybrids: Synthesis and differentiative effects. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:857-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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A cross-metathesis approach to the synthesis of new etretinate type retinoids, ethyl retinoate and its 9Z-isomer. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Yamamoto Y, Asatani T, Kirai N. Copper-Catalyzed Stereoselective Hydroarylation of 3-Aryl-2- propynenitriles with Arylboronic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Okitsu T, Iwatsuka K, Wada A. Caesium fluoride-promoted Stille coupling reaction: an efficient synthesis of 9Z-retinoic acid and its analogues using a practical building block. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6330-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b813760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wang C, Wang C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Sun H, Guo X, Xi Z. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Stereodefined Multisubstituted 1,4-Dicyano- and 1-Cyano-1,3-butadienes and Their Reactions with Organolithium Reagents. Chemistry 2007; 13:6484-94. [PMID: 17497622 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stereodefined multisubstituted 1-cyano- and 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives were obtained in excellent yields of the isolated product from their corresponding monohalo- and dihalobutadienes and CuCN. This reaction proceeded with high stereoselectivity and retention of the stereochemistry of the starting halobutadienes. A study of the utility of the thus-obtained 1-cyano- and 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives was demonstrated by their reactions with organolithium reagents. 2H-Pyrrole or iminocyclopentadiene derivatives were formed in high yields from 1-cyano-4-halo-1,3-butadienes and organolithium reagents. When 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadienes were treated with organolithium reagents followed by trapping with electrophiles, a tandem process took place to afford 2H-pyrrolyl nitriles in excellent yields. Reduction of 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives with LiAlH4 showed novel reaction patterns relative to normal nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Domínguez M, Alvarez R, Borràs E, Farrés J, Parés X, de Lera AR. Synthesis of enantiopure C3- and C4-hydroxyretinals and their enzymatic reduction by ADH8 from Xenopus laevis. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 4:155-64. [PMID: 16358010 DOI: 10.1039/b514273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal 1, (S)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinal and (R)-all-trans-4-hydroxyretinal have been synthesized stereoselectively by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Stille cross-coupling as bond-forming reactions. The CBS method of ketone reduction was used in the enantioface-differentiation step to provide the precursors for the synthesis of the 4-hydroxyretinal enantiomers. The kinetic constants of Xenopus laevis ADH8 with these retinoids have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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11
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12
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Fleming FF, Wang Q. Unsaturated nitriles: conjugate additions of carbon nucleophiles to a recalcitrant class of acceptors. Chem Rev 2003; 103:2035-77. [PMID: 12744700 DOI: 10.1021/cr020045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282-1530, USA.
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13
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Abarbri M, Thibonnet J, Parrain JL, Duchêne A. Stereocontrolled synthesis of polyenoic acids by a Heck–Sonogashira reaction: easy access to 9,10-didehydro retinoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Domínguez B, Pazos Y, de Lera AR. Stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-s-cis- and 6-s-trans-locked 9Z-retinoids by hydroxyl-accelerated Stille coupling of (Z)-tri-n-butylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol and bicyclic dienyl triflates. J Org Chem 2000; 65:5917-25. [PMID: 10987922 DOI: 10.1021/jo9917588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of 9-cis-retinoic acid with locked 6-s-cis and 6-s-trans conformations have been stereoselectively synthesized using a Stille coupling reaction between bicyclic dienyl triflates (5and 6, respectively) and (Z)-tributylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol (7) to stablish the Z geometry of the polyenic side chain. The mild conditions (25 degrees C, 30 min) of this coupling stand in contrast to the reluctance of the isomeric (E)-tributylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol (18) to react with triflates 5/6. The significant rate differences experimentally observed in Stille reactions between isomeric (Z)- and (E)-tri-n-butylstannylalkenols in favor of the former isomer, even with highly hindered alkenyl triflates, is ascribed to internal coordination of palladium to the heteroatom in the presumably rate-limiting transmetalation step. Dienals and trienals with an E geometry, which are not efficiently available by direct coupling of the corresponding triflates and E-stannanes, can in turn be obtained by isomerization of their Z-isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
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15
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Hamann LG. An efficient, stereospecific synthesis of the dimer-selective retinoid X receptor modulator (2E,4E,6Z)-7-[5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-5,5, 8,8-tetramethyl-2-(n-propyloxy)naphthalen-3-yl]-3-methyl octa-2,4, 6-trienoic acid. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3233-5. [PMID: 10814223 DOI: 10.1021/jo991936x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L G Hamann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10275 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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16
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Abstract
A domino reaction that is pericyclic in nature is thought to be triggered upon treatment of alkenynol 10 with arylsulfenyl chlorides. The process comprises an ordered sequence of sigmatropic rearrangements: a reversible [2,3]-allyl sulfenate to allyl sulfoxide shift, followed by a [2,3]-propargyl sulfenate to allenyl sulfoxide rearrangement, and last a stereodifferentiating [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen migration leading to polyene 13. The occurrence of the C7 to C11 hydrogen migration has been demonstrated by labeling experiments. The double diastereoselection of the [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift to afford a single isomer of the final polyene 13 is thought to arise from a combination of the electronic effect of the sulfoxide at one terminus, and the steric effect imparted by the bulky trimethylcyclohexenyl substituent at the other terminus. The overall process thus constitutes a stereoselective synthesis of an E,Z,Z-triene fragment from an alkenynol and, in particular, a retinoid with the 7E,9Z,11Z,13E configuration on the conjugated polyenic side chain. Application of this method to the synthesis of retinoids, including labeled analogues, is straightforward.
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Disdier B, Marchetti MN, Bun H, Placidi M, Durand A. Kinetics of plasma and tissue distribution of 9-cis-retinoic acid in rat. SKIN PHARMACOLOGY AND APPLIED SKIN PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 13:9-16. [PMID: 10657762 DOI: 10.1159/000029904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation and tissue distribution of 9-cis-retinoic acid was investigated in hairless rats. Indeed, only limited information is available about the pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Assuming that the target site for retinoids is the skin, tissue distribution study is therefore particularly justified. Following single oral administration of 30 mg/kg of 9-cis-retinoic acid, the parent drug and five metabolites were detected in plasma. Additionally, concentrations of 9-cis-retinoic acid and metabolites were determined in the skin and seven other tissues. The distribution of 9-cis-retinoic acid was rapid in all of the organs studied (T(max) </=2 h). In skin, unchanged 9-cis-retinoic acid was still measurable up to 168 h after administration and was undetectable in other organs and plasma after 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Disdier
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Pharmacie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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18
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Copper-mediated 1,6-, 1,8-, 1,10- and 1,12-addition and 1,5-substitution reactions in organic synthesis. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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20
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Stereoselective isomerization of 10-arylsulfenate-11,12-dehydroretinoids to 9-cis-retinoids. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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22
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Canan Koch SS, Dardashti LJ, Hebert JJ, White SK, Croston GE, Flatten KS, Heyman RA, Nadzan AM. Identification of the first retinoid X, receptor homodimer antagonist. J Med Chem 1996; 39:3229-34. [PMID: 8765503 DOI: 10.1021/jm960311d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Canan Koch
- Department of Retinoid Chemistry Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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