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Adriano N, Ahearn C, Black C, Cracchiolo M, Ghere D, Nuñez A, Olivan L, Patel R, Saner S, Smith KR, Watkins B, Hare PM. Solvent- and Wavelength-Dependent Photolysis of Estrone. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:783-797. [PMID: 34664279 DOI: 10.1111/php.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct photolysis of estrone in solvents ranging from water to cyclohexane is reported. The photodegradation is dominated by lumiestrone, an epimer of estrone resulting from the inversion of the methyl group at carbon 13, regardless of solvent and photolysis wavelength in the range 254-320 nm. Solvent addition products are also observed in lesser amounts. The photodegradation rate in water is an order of magnitude slower than in nonaqueous solvents. Short wavelength excitation enhances photodegradation. Together, these results suggest complicated photophysics underlie the photochemistry with implications for the remediation of environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Adriano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Ceilidh Ahearn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Cory Black
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Michael Cracchiolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Daniel Ghere
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Alexandra Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Lars Olivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Raj Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Stephanie Saner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Krista R Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Barbie Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Patrick M Hare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
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2
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Xu XH, Fu XG, Wu LZ, Chen B, Zhang LP, Tung CH, Ji HF, Schanze KS, Zhang RQ. Intramolecular Triplet Energy Transfer in Donor–Acceptor Molecules Linked by a Crown Ether Bridge. Chemistry 2006; 12:5238-45. [PMID: 16607672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bichromophoric compounds BP-C-NP and BP-C-NBD were synthesized with benzophenone chromophore (BP) as the donor, and 2-naphthyl (NP) and norbornadiene group (NBD) as the acceptor, respectively. Their intramolecular triplet energy transfer was examined. The bridges linking the donor and acceptors in these molecules involve a crown ether moiety complexing a sodium ion. Phosphorescence quenching, flash photolysis and photosensitized isomerization experiments indicate that intramolecular triplet energy transfer occurs with rate constants of about 3.3 x 10(5) and 4.8 x 10(5) s(-1) and efficiencies of about 33 and 42 % for BP-C-NP and BP-C-NBD, respectively. Theoretical calculations indicate that these molecules adopt conformations below room temperature which allow their two-end chromophores conducive to through-space energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-He Xu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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4
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Stéphan E, Brossat M, Lecomte V, Bouit PA. Synthesis of the 11β-hydroxymethyl-androst-4-en-3,17-dione. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Long-range through-bond photoactivated sigma bond cleavage in steroids. Intramolecular sensitized debromination. Org Lett 2000; 2:15-8. [PMID: 10814234 DOI: 10.1021/ol990319s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The photolysis of 17alpha-bromo-3alpha-(triphenylsilyloxy)-5alpha-androstane (2; 3alphaTPSO/17alphaBr) and 17alpha-bromo-3alpha-(triphenysilyloxy)-5-androstan-6-one (3; 3alphaTPSO/6ketone/17alphaBr) is described. Irradiation of 2 with 266 nm light leads to debromination via intramolecular transfer of triplet excitation energy with a quantum efficiency of 0.0011. Photolysis of 3 with both 266 and 308 nm light leads to debromination with quantum efficiencies of ca. 0.0066. The debromination of 3 is attributed to activation via the ketone excited singlet state, with singlet energy transfer from C6 to C17 ca. 35% efficient and occurring with a rate constant of 1.4 x 10(8) s(-1).
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6
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McGimpsey WG, Chen L, Carraway R, Samaniego WN. Singlet−Singlet and Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer in Bichromophoric Peptides. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9901592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. G. McGimpsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - L. Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - R. Carraway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - W. N. Samaniego
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
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Timberlake LD, Morrison H. Steroids as Molecular Photonic Wires. Z → E Olefin Photoisomerization by Intramolecular Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer with and without Intervening Olefinic Gates1. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9808595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry D. Timberlake
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Harry Morrison
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hanson
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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