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Abstract
"Retinoid" is the general term for vitamin A derivatives and chemical compounds that act like vitamin A. Vitamin A are composed of four isoprene units and are named according to their terminal functional group, such as retinol (OH, 1), retinal (CHO, 2), and retinoic acid (CO2H, 3). Vitamin A usually refers to retinol. In the past few decades, major advances in research on vitamin A have improved our understanding of its fundamental roles and physiological significance in living cells. In this review, three types of chemical biology studies using vitamin A analogs are described: (1) conformational studies of the chromophore in retinal proteins (rhodopsin, phoborhodopsin, and retinochrome), especially the conformation around the cyclohexene ring; (2) structure-activity relationship studies of retinoic acid analogs to create new signaling molecules for activating nuclear receptors; and (3) development of a new channelrhodopsin with an absorption maximum at longer wavelength to overcome the various demerits of channelrhodopsins used in optogenetics, as well as the stereoselective synthesis of retinoid isomers and their analogs using a diene-tricarbonyliron complex or a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between vinyl triflates and stannyl olefins.
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Synthesis, Doping and Characterization of new Molecular Semiconductors Containing (2E, 4Z)-5, 7-diphenylhepta-2, 4-dien-6-ynoic acids. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Okitsu T, Yamano Y, Shen YC, Sasaki T, Kobayashi Y, Morisawa S, Yamashita T, Imamoto Y, Shichida Y, Wada A. Synthesis of One Double Bond-Inserted Retinal Analogs and Their Binding Experiments with Opsins: Preparation of Novel Red-Shifted Channelrhodopsin Variants. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:265-272. [PMID: 32115534 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In optogenetics, red-shifted channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are eagerly sought. We prepared six kinds of new chromophores with one double bond inserted into the polyene side chain of retinal (A1) or 3,4-didehydroretinal (A2), and examined their binding efficiency with opsins (ReaChR and ChrimsonR). All analogs bound with opsins to afford new ChRs. Among them, A2-10ex (an extra double bond is inserted at the C10-C11 position of A2) showed the greatest red-shift in the absorption spectrum of ChrimsonR, with a maximum absorbance at 654 nm (67 nm red-shifted from that of A1-ChrimsonR). Moreover, a long-wavelength spectral boundary of A2-10ex-ChrimsonR was extended to 756 nm, which reached into the far-red region (710-850 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okitsu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yi-Chung Shen
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Toshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shoko Morisawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Yasushi Imamoto
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | | | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Shen YC, Sasaki T, Matsuyama T, Yamashita T, Shichida Y, Okitsu T, Yamano Y, Wada A, Ishizuka T, Yawo H, Imamoto Y. Red-Tuning of the Channelrhodopsin Spectrum Using Long Conjugated Retinal Analogues. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5544-5556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Shen
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Take Matsuyama
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shichida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Okitsu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0003, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0003, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0003, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imamoto
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Masyuk VS, Mineeva IV. Synthesis of phenyl analog of retinoic acid methyl ester proceeding from 3-(bromomethyl)but-3-enal diethylacetal. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Stereocontrolled intramolecular iron-mediated tandem [6+2]-ene-type diene/dienol ether double cyclization reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Álvarez R, Vaz B, Gronemeyer H, de Lera ÁR. Functions, therapeutic applications, and synthesis of retinoids and carotenoids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1-125. [PMID: 24266866 DOI: 10.1021/cr400126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CINBIO), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo , 36310 Vigo, Spain
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8
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Aoki K, Igarashi Y, Nishimura H, Morishita I, Usui K. Application of iron carbonyl complexation to the selective total synthesis of sanshools. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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A cross-metathesis approach to the synthesis of new etretinate type retinoids, ethyl retinoate and its 9Z-isomer. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Wojtkielewicz A, Maj J, Morzycki JW. Cross metathesis of β-carotene with electron-deficient dienes. A direct route to retinoids. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Donaldson WA, Chaudhury S. Recent Applications of Acyclic (Diene)iron Complexes and (Dienyl)iron Cations in Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2009; 2009:3831-3843. [PMID: 21709767 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of (tricarbonyl)iron to an acyclic diene serves to protect the ligand against oxidation, reduction and cycloaddition reactions while the steric bulk of this adjunct serves to direct the approach reagents to unsaturated groups attached to the diene onto the face opposite to iron. Furthermore, the Fe(CO)(3) moiety can serve to stabilize carbocation centers adjacent to the diene (i.e. pentadienyl-iron cations). Recent applications of these reactivities to the synthesis of polyene, cyclopropane, cycloheptadiene and cyclohexenone containing natural products or analogs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881 USA
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12
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13
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Preparation and biological evaluation of 5-substituted retinoic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8471-81. [PMID: 18760926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various 5-substituted retinoic acids were prepared by a palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions of vinyl nonaflates and E- or Z-3-tributylstannyl-2-beten-1-ol as a key reaction. These coupling products were then converted to the corresponding all-E- and 9Z-retinoic acid analogs via Horner-Emmons reaction and subsequent basic hydrolysis, and their biological activities were evaluated. The all-E-derivatives, 5-butyl and isobutyl analogs exhibited stronger effects for anti-proliferative and differentiation-inducing activities in HL-60 cells. In contrast, in 9Z-derivatives, none of the analogs showed any activity.
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Okitsu T, Iwatsuka K, Wada A. Caesium fluoride-promoted Stille coupling reaction: an efficient synthesis of 9Z-retinoic acid and its analogues using a practical building block. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6330-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b813760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Abstract
A stereospecific intramolecular iron tricarbonyl-promoted aldehyde-diene cyclocoupling reaction was investigated by using simple substrates 6 and more complicated substrates 30a/30b. Demetalation of the initial products converts all complexed dienes to their pure organic counterparts. In addition, the nickel-catalyzed carbonyl-ene reaction and the Prins reaction were investigated with two different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Valla A, Valla B, Le Guillou R, Cartier D, Dufossé L, Labia R. New Syntheses of Retinal and Its Acyclic Analogγ-Retinal by an Extended Aldol Reaction with a C6 Building Block That Incorporates a C5 Unit after Decarboxylation. A Formal Route to Lycopene andβ-Carotene. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Kithsiri Wijeratne EM, Liu MX, Kantipudi NB, Brochini CB, Leslie Gunatilaka AA, Canfield LM. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of beta-carotene and retinoic acid oxidation products. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 14:7875-9. [PMID: 16908162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the beta-carotene oxidation product, 2,3-dihydro-5,8-endoperoxy-beta-apo-carotene-13-one (1) was achieved in six steps starting from beta-ionone. Photo-oxygenation of all trans-retinoic acid (8) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (9) produced a mixture of 5S*,8S*-epidioxy-5,8-dihydroretinoic acid (10) and 13-cis-5S*,8S*-epidioxy-5,8-dihydroretinoic acid (11). Methylation of the crude photo-oxygenation mixture afforded the corresponding methyl esters 12 and 13, respectively, both of which underwent ready aerial oxidation yielding hitherto unknown oxidation products of retinoic acid identified as methyl 5S*,8S*-epidioxy-9,10beta-epoxy-5,8,9,10-tetrahydroretinoate (14) and methyl 13-cis-5S*,8S*-epidioxy-9,10beta-epoxy-5,8,9,10-tetrahydroretinoate (15). Evaluation of 1, all trans-retinoic acid (8), 13-cis-retinoic acid (9), and the photo-oxygenation products 10-15 in a panel of five cancer cell lines showed 1 to be inactive and that 11 is significantly cytotoxic compared with the other retinoic acid analogs suggesting the requirement of the carboxylic acid moiety and the cis-geometry of the 13(14) double bond for cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85706-6800, USA
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Yefidoff R, Albeck A. 12-Substituted-13,14-dihydroretinols designed for affinity labeling of retinol binding- and processing proteins. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wada A, Fukunaga K, Ito M, Mizuguchi Y, Nakagawa K, Okano T. Preparation and biological activity of 13-substituted retinoic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3931-42. [PMID: 15210160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
13-Demethyl or 13-substituted all-E- and 9Z-retinoic acids were synthesized using a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of enol triflates and tributylstannylolefins. Their biological activities were then measured. The 13-ethyl analogs exhibited approximately one-half of the antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing activity of ATRA in HL-60 cells. In contrast, in the 9Z-derivatives, all analogs, except for the 13-butyl derivatives, showed apoptosis-inducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimori Wada
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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Recent Progress in Retinoid Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Abarbri M, Thibonnet J, Parrain JL, Duchêne A. Stereocontrolled synthesis of polyenoic acids by a Heck–Sonogashira reaction: easy access to 9,10-didehydro retinoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Abstract
A domino reaction that is pericyclic in nature is thought to be triggered upon treatment of alkenynol 10 with arylsulfenyl chlorides. The process comprises an ordered sequence of sigmatropic rearrangements: a reversible [2,3]-allyl sulfenate to allyl sulfoxide shift, followed by a [2,3]-propargyl sulfenate to allenyl sulfoxide rearrangement, and last a stereodifferentiating [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen migration leading to polyene 13. The occurrence of the C7 to C11 hydrogen migration has been demonstrated by labeling experiments. The double diastereoselection of the [1,5]-sigmatropic hydrogen shift to afford a single isomer of the final polyene 13 is thought to arise from a combination of the electronic effect of the sulfoxide at one terminus, and the steric effect imparted by the bulky trimethylcyclohexenyl substituent at the other terminus. The overall process thus constitutes a stereoselective synthesis of an E,Z,Z-triene fragment from an alkenynol and, in particular, a retinoid with the 7E,9Z,11Z,13E configuration on the conjugated polyenic side chain. Application of this method to the synthesis of retinoids, including labeled analogues, is straightforward.
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Wada A, Fujioka N, Tanaka Y, Ito M. A highly stereoselective synthesis of 11Z-retinal using tricarbonyliron complex. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2438-43. [PMID: 10789455 DOI: 10.1021/jo9916030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of 11Z-retinal 2, which is the chromophore of visual pigment (rhodopsin), was accomplished from the beta-ionylideneacetaldehyde-tricarbonyliron complex 3. The Peterson reaction of 3 using ethyl trimethylsilylacetate smoothly proceeded to afford predominantly the Z-ester 6. Transformation of the Z-ester 6 to the methyl ketone 19, followed by the Emmons-Horner reaction of 19 with C2-cyanophosphonate, produced ethyl 11Z, 13E-retinonitrile-tricarbonyliron complex 21 as the only product. Decomplexation of 21 with CuCl2 and subsequent DIBAL reduction gave 11Z-retinal 2 in excellent yield. Mechanistic consideration of Z-selectivity in the Peterson reaction of the aldehyde-tricarbonyliron complex is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wada
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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24
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Qing FL, Ying J, Zhang Y. A stereoselective synthesis of ethyl 9-cis-7,8-didehydro-19-trifluoromethylretinoate. J Fluor Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(99)00186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Takemoto Y, Ishii K, Miwa Y, Taga T, Ibuka T, Nakao S, Tanaka T. Stereospecific 1,3-migration of an Fe(CO)3 group on acyclic conjugated trienes bearing an electron-withdrawing group. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wada A, Fujioka N, Imai H, Shichida Y, Ito M. Stereoselective synthesis of 11Z-9-demethyl-9-benzyl- and 9-phenyl-retinals and their interaction with bovine opsin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:423-6. [PMID: 9871591 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
11Z-9-Demethyl-9-benzyl- and 9-phenyl-retinals were synthesized stereoselectively from the beta-ionone analog-tricarbonyliron complexes and their interaction with bovine opsin was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wada
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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29
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Dasgupta B, Donaldson WA. Chemoselective, metal-mediated oxidation of (dienol)iron complexes with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Quayle P, Wang J, Xu J, Urch CJ. Stereoselective Stille coupling reactions of 1,1-bis(trialkylstannyl)ethenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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