1
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Rezgui SP, Farhi J, Yu H, Sercel ZP, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Divergent total syntheses of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids enabled by the development of a Larock/Buchwald-Hartwig annulation/cyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12284-12290. [PMID: 39118607 PMCID: PMC11304541 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids are a large class of natural products that display a wide range of biological activities. Synthetic approaches to these natural products typically rely on a common late-stage C10-oxygenated pyrroloiminoquinone intermediate, but these strategies often lead to lengthy synthetic sequences that are not amenable to divergent syntheses. We devised an alternative approach aimed at the early introduction of the C10 nitrogen, which we hypothesized would enable late-stage diversification. This strategy hinged upon a Larock/Buchwald-Hartwig annulation/cyclization to quickly access the core of these alkaloids. We report the development of this cascade process, which was facilitated by a dual ligand system in addition to selective functionalization of the key intermediate, to provide efficient syntheses of makaluvamines A, C, and D and isobatzelline B, and the first total synthesis of makaluvamine N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir P Rezgui
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jonathan Farhi
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Zachary P Sercel
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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2
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Shimomura M, Ide K, Sakata J, Tokuyama H. Unified Divergent Total Synthesis of Discorhabdin B, H, K, and Aleutianamine via the Late-Stage Oxidative N,S-Acetal Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18233-18239. [PMID: 37556762 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study achieved the total syntheses of (+)-discorhabdin B, (-)-discorhabdin H, (+)-discorhabdin K, and (-)-aleutianamine. A phenethylamine fragment bearing a o-pivaloylthio group, corresponding to the D/E/G ring moiety, was prepared from benzothiophen-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester and condensed with a known pyrroloiminoquinone derivative. The adduct was subjected to [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA)-promoted oxidative spirocyclization to furnish the A/B/C/D/E spirocyclohexadienone fused with pyrroloiminoquinone. The total synthesis of (±)-discorhabdin B was completed via the key construction of the highly strained G ring with the N,S-acetal moiety featuring a newly developed CuBr2-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization. The stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-discorhabdin B was accomplished by a diastereoselective PIFA-promoted oxidative spirocyclization using a chiral thioester. (-)-Disocrhabdin H and (+)-discorhabdin K were synthesized by the site- and face-selective thia-Michael addition of l-ovothiol A to (+)-N-Ts-discorhabdin B with the concomitant formation of the F ring by forming the C2-N18 bond. The total synthesis of (-)-aleutianamine was achieved via a skeletal rearrangement initiated by the Luche reduction of the dienone moiety of (+)-N-Ts-discorhabdin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shimomura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohta Ide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Juri Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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3
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Haji N, Faizi M, Koutentis PA, Carty MP, Aldabbagh F. Heterocyclic Iminoquinones and Quinones from the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) COMPARE Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:5202. [PMID: 37446864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review uses the National Cancer Institute (NCI) COMPARE program to establish an extensive list of heterocyclic iminoquinones and quinones with similarities in differential growth inhibition patterns across the 60-cell line panel of the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP). Many natural products and synthetic analogues are revealed as potential NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrates, through correlations to dipyridoimidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazoleiminoquinone (DPIQ), and as potential thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitors, through correlations to benzo[1,2,4]triazin-7-ones and pleurotin. The strong correlation to NQO1 infers the enzyme has a major influence on the amount of the active compound with benzo[e]perimidines, phenoxazinones, benz[f]pyrido[1,2-a]indole-6,11-quinones, seriniquinones, kalasinamide, indolequinones, and furano[2,3-b]naphthoquinones, hypothesised as prodrugs. Compounds with very strong correlations to known TrxR inhibitors had inverse correlations to the expression of both reductase enzymes, NQO1 and TrxR, including naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]oxazepane-6,11-diones, benzo[a]carbazole-1,4-diones, pyranonaphthoquinones (including kalafungin, nanaomycin A, and analogues of griseusin A), and discorhabdin C. Quinoline-5,8-dione scaffolds based on streptonigrin and lavendamycin can correlate to either reductase. Inhibitors of TrxR are not necessarily (imino)quinones, e.g., parthenolides, while oxidising moieties are essential for correlations to NQO1, as with the mitosenes. Herein, an overview of synthetic methods and biological activity of each family of heterocyclic imino(quinone) is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemah Haji
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Masoma Faizi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | | | - Michael P Carty
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
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4
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Wani IA, Sk S, Mal A, Sengupta A, Ghorai MK. Stereoselective Routes to Hexahydropyrroloindoles and Tetrahydropyrroloquinolines from Activated Aziridines and Electron Deficient 3 H-Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:7867-7872. [PMID: 36094406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented and novel synthetic route to hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles bearing cis-contiguous stereocenters with excellent stereoselectivities (ee of >99%, dr of ≤99:1) has been disclosed that proceeds through the ring opening of activated aziridines with electron deficient 4-substituted indoles followed by a novel cyclization in a domino fashion, thereby obviating the use of 3-substituted indoles as the prerequisite nucleophile. Another efficient synthetic route to tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolines in excellent yields (≤93%) and excellent enantioselectivity (ee of >99%) has been established via ring opening of activated aziridines with 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole at relatively higher temperatures followed by Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular C-N cyclization in the same pot. The stability and the formation of products at different temperatures are explained by computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sahid Sk
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Abhijit Mal
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Arunava Sengupta
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Manas K Ghorai
- Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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Sakata J. [Synthetic Studies on Complex Natural Products Based on Development of a Novel Synthetic Method for Heteroaromatic Skeleton]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:91-100. [PMID: 35110456 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Among my recent work on the syntheses of complex natural products based on the development of a novel synthetic method for the heteroaromatic skeleton, this article primarily deals with the total syntheses of (+)-CC-1065, isobatzeline A/B, and batzeline A. These syntheses were accomplished via a novel indole synthesis utilizing a ring expansion reaction of benzocyclobutenone oxime sulfonate as the key step. The 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole segments of (+)-CC-1065 were rapidly constructed via a two-directional double-ring expansion strategy. Highly substituted pyrrolidine-fused common 5-chloro-2-methylthioindoles of isobatzeline A/B and batzeline A were constructed using a ring expansion reaction of benzocyclobutenone oxime sulfonate with NaSMe and a benzyne-mediated cyclization/functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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6
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Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
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Noro T, Sakata J, Tokuyama H. Synthetic studies on discorhabdin V: Construction of the A–F hexacyclic framework. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Tokuyama H. Construction of N-Heterocycles Fused with a Highly Substituted Benzene Ring by a Benzyne-Mediated Cyclization/Functionalization Cascade Reaction and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Marine Natural Products. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:707-716. [PMID: 34334514 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This account summarizes the development of a benzyne-mediated cyclization/functionalization protocol for the versatile construction of highly substituted benzene derivatives fused with an N-heterocyclic ring such as indolines, indoles, and related nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The protocol comprises sequential reactions initiated by generating a benzyne species and subsequent cyclization via addition of magnesium amide to the benzyne, followed by trapping of the resultant magnesium compound in situ with various electrophiles. The substituent scope was expanded by conducting a transmetalation on a copper species to introduce alkyl, aryl, and alkenyl substituents. The utility of the sequential reaction was demonstrated in the synthesis of a carbazole natural product (heptaphylline), pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline alkaloids (batzellines), and pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole alkaloids (dictyodendrines).
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9
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Zhang F, Niu Y, Hong D, Ye Y, Hua Y, Ding S, Zhang Y. Synthetic studies towards atkamine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Yamashita Y, Poignant L, Sakata J, Tokuyama H. Divergent Total Syntheses of Isobatzellines A/B and Batzelline A. Org Lett 2020; 22:6239-6243. [PMID: 32623895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Divergent total syntheses of isobatzellines A/B and batzelline A were accomplished. A fully substituted common indole intermediate bearing C-2 methylthio and C-5 chloro groups was constructed via ring expansion of benzocyclobutenone oxime sulfonate with NaSMe and a benzyne-mediated cyclization/functionalization sequence as the key steps. The total synthesis of isobatzelline B was achieved via formation of the iminoquinone structure by the redox-neutral acid-promoted C-5 proto-dechlorination of the common indole intermediate. The total syntheses of isobatzelline A and batzelline A were completed in a divergent manner by oxidation of the common indole intermediate using MnO2 or Mn(OAc)3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Louna Poignant
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Juri Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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11
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Smith MW, Falk ID, Ikemoto H, Burns NZ. A Convenient C-H Functionalization Platform for Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloid Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:3366-3370. [PMID: 31889735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids represent a structurally intriguing class of natural products that display an array of useful biological properties. Here, we present a versatile and scalable platform for the synthesis of this diverse family - and in particular the antitumor discorhabdins - built upon sequential selective C-H functionalization of tryptamine. The utility of this strategy is showcased through short formal syntheses of damirones A-C, makaluvamines D and I, and discorhadbin E. Additionally, we describe efforts to develop the first catalytic asymmetric entry to the discorhabdin subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Isaac D Falk
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hideya Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Noah Z Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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12
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Zou Y, Wang X, Sims J, Wang B, Pandey P, Welsh CL, Stone RP, Avery MA, Doerksen RJ, Ferreira D, Anklin C, Valeriote FA, Kelly M, Hamann MT. Computationally Assisted Discovery and Assignment of a Highly Strained and PANC-1 Selective Alkaloid from Alaska's Deep Ocean. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4338-4344. [PMID: 30758203 PMCID: PMC11187828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report here the orchestration of molecular ion networking and a set of computationally assisted structural elucidation approaches in the discovery of a new class of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids that possess selective bioactivity against pancreatic cancer cell lines. Aleutianamine represents the first in a new class of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids possessing a highly strained multibridged ring system, discovered from Latrunculia ( Latrunculia) austini Samaai, Kelly & Gibbons, 2006 (class Demospongiae, order Poecilosclerida, family Latrunculiidae) recovered during a NOAA deep-water exploration of the Aleutian Islands. The molecule was identified with the guidance of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular ion networking (MoIN) analysis. The structure of aleutianamine was determined using extensive spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with computationally assisted quantifiable structure elucidation tools. Aleutianamine exhibited potent and selective cytotoxicity toward solid tumor cell lines including pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) with an IC50 of 25 nM and colon cancer (HCT-116) with an IC50 of 1 μM, and represents a potent and selective candidate for advanced preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zou
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - James Sims
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Colin L. Welsh
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert P. Stone
- NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, Alaska 99801, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Avery
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Clemens Anklin
- Bruker BioSpin, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Frederick A. Valeriote
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd., 41 Market Place, Viaduct Harbour, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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Backenköhler J, Spindler S, Spiteller P. Total Synthesis of Damirone C, Makaluvamine O, Makaluvone, Batzelline C and Batzelline D. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Backenköhler
- Universität BremenInstitut für Organische und Analytische Chemie Leobener Str. NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefanie Spindler
- Universität BremenInstitut für Organische und Analytische Chemie Leobener Str. NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- Universität BremenInstitut für Organische und Analytische Chemie Leobener Str. NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
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Nijampatnam B, Dutta S, Velu SE. Recent advances in isolation, synthesis, and evaluation of bioactivities of bispyrroloquinone alkaloids of marine origin. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:561-77. [PMID: 26253489 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ocean continues to provide a plethora of unique scaffolds capable of remarkable biological applications. A large number of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, including discorhabdins, epinardins, batzellines, makaluvamines, and veiutamine, have been isolated from various marine organisms. A class of pyrroloiminoquinone-related alkaloids, known as bispyrroloquinones, is the focus of this review article. This family of marine alkaloids, which contain an aryl substituted bispyrroloquinone ring system, includes three subclasses of alkaloids namely, wakayin, tsitsikammamines A-B, and zyzzyanones A-D. Both wakayin and the tsitsikammamines contain a tetracyclic fused bispyrroloiminoquinone ring system, while zyzzyanones contain a fused tricyclic bispyrroloquinone ring system. The unique chemical structures of these marine natural products and their diverse biological properties, including antifungal and antimicrobial activity, as well as the potent, albeit generally nonspecific and universal cytotoxicities, have attracted great interest of synthetic chemists over the past three decades. Tsitsikammamines, wakayin, and several of their analogs show inhibition of topoisomerases. One additional possible mechanism of anticancer activity of tsitsikammamines analogs that has been discovered recently is through the inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, an enzyme involved in tumoral immune resistance. This review discusses the isolation, synthesis, and evaluation of bioactivities of bispyrroloquinone alkaloids and their analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sadanandan E Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang JL, Song RJ, Qian PC, Li JH. Cascade Nitration/Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes withtBuONO and H2O: One-Pot Self-Assembly of Pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9017-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang JL, Song RJ, Qian PC, Li JH. Cascade Nitration/Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes withtBuONO and H2O: One-Pot Self-Assembly of Pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Oshiyama T, Satoh T, Okano K, Tokuyama H. Total synthesis of makaluvamine A/D, damirone B, batzelline C, makaluvone, and isobatzelline C featuring one-pot benzyne-mediated cyclization–functionalization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Recent reports on the synthetic studies of marine pyrroloiminoquinone alakloids and their analogs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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19
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Oshiyama T, Satoh T, Okano K, Tokuyama H. Total synthesis of batzelline C and isobatzelline C. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20604h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hu JF, Fan H, Xiong J, Wu SB. Discorhabdins and Pyrroloiminoquinone-Related Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5465-91. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhongshan Road N, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Biao Wu
- Department of Natural Products for Chemical Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, No. 3663 Zhongshan Road N, Shanghai 200062, China
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21
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Wada Y, Harayama Y, Kamimura D, Yoshida M, Shibata T, Fujiwara K, Morimoto K, Fujioka H, Kita Y. The synthetic and biological studies of discorhabdins and related compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4959-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Abstract
A total synthesis of ammosamide B, a metabolite of the marine-derived Streptomyces strain CNR-698, has been executed in nine steps and 6.9% overall yield. The key step involves the condensation of a 4,6-diBoc-protected 1,3,4,6-tetraaminobenzene derivative with dimethyl 2-ketoglutaconate, which effectively constructs the pyrrolidinone ring and the quinoline ring in a single step. This contributes a unique approach to the synthesis of pyrroloquinoline alkaloids that offers the advantages of brevity and relatively high overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Narasimha Reddy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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23
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Abstract
The ammosamides A-C are chlorinated pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline metabolites isolated from the marine-derived Streptomyces strain CNR-698. The natural products, which possess a dense array of heteroatoms, were synthesized in 17-19 steps from 4-chloroisatin. That the five nitrogen atoms were introduced at the appropriate time and in a suitable oxidation state was key to the success of the total synthesis. Compared to synthetic deschloro ammosamide B, natural ammosamide B is much less susceptible to oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204, USA
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24
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Inoue K, Ishikawa Y, Nishiyama S. Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloids Based on Electrochemically Generated Hypervalent Iodine Oxidative Cyclization. Org Lett 2009; 12:436-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902566p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nishiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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25
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Wada Y, Otani K, Endo N, Harayama Y, Kamimura D, Yoshida M, Fujioka H, Kita Y. The first total synthesis of prianosin B. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Passarella D, Belinghieri F, Scarpellini M, Pratesi G, Zunino F, Gia OM, Via LD, Santoro G, Danieli B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrroloiminoquinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Antunes EM, Copp BR, Davies-Coleman MT, Samaai T. Pyrroloiminoquinone and related metabolites from marine sponges. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:62-72. [PMID: 15692617 DOI: 10.1039/b407299p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the structure, biological activity, biosynthetic studies and, where applicable, references to syntheses of 81 marine alkaloids containing either tetra-, hexa- or octa-hydrogenated variants of pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline, pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline and pyrido[2,3-h]pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline core skeletons. The literature describing the isolation of pyrroloiminoquinones, and related metabolites, from marine sponges is littered with taxonomic inconsistencies and recent efforts to clarify the taxonomy of the sponges that produce this group of metabolites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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28
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Hénichart JP, Chackal S, Dudouit F, Houssin R. On the Synthesis of Two Dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline Regioisomers. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Kita Y. [Development of novel synthetic organic reactions: synthesis of antitumor natural products and leading compounds for new pharmaceuticals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2002; 122:1011-35. [PMID: 12510383 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.122.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active natural products with unique, highly complex molecular skeletons have been used as leading compounds for raw materials of new drugs. Due to the limitations of natural supply, highly efficient, large-scale syntheses and molecular design have been sought in drug discovery. For this purpose, we have focused on a synthetic strategy effective in developing novel reactions and reagents and found several useful regio- and stereospecific reactions, contributing to the synthesis of otherwise unattainable target molecules. The application of these reactions for the total synthesis of three types of potent cytotoxic natural products for the first time is described in this paper. The basic concept is first described. Then the total synthesis of anthracyclines, fredericamycin A, and discorhabdins is reported. Novel reactions using hypervalent iodine reagents under environmentally benign conditions are also described. The future prospects for this method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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30
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Tohma H, Harayama Y, Hashizume M, Iwata M, Egi M, Kita Y. Synthetic Studies on the Sulfur-Cross-Linked Core of Antitumor Marine Alkaloid, Discorhabdins: Total Synthesis of Discorhabdin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020118)114:2<358::aid-ange358>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Transformation of 2,2-dioxoisothiazolo[5,4,3-d,e]quinolines to pyrrolo[4,3,2-d,e]quinolin-2(1H)-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Vargas Mēndez LY, Kouznetsov V, Stashenko E, Bahsas A, Amaro-Luis J. 4-N-ARYL(BENZYL)AMINO-4-HETARYL-1-BUTENES AS BUILDING BLOCKS IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS. 1. NEW ROUTE TO 4,6-DIMETHYL-2-PYRIDYLQUINOLINES FROM THE 4-N-p-METHYLPHENYLAMINO-4-PYRIDYL-1-BUTENES. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2001.7.4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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34
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Aubart KM, Heathcock CH. A Biomimetic Approach to the Discorhabdin Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Discorhabdins C and E and Dethiadiscorhabdin D. J Org Chem 1999; 64:16-22. [PMID: 11674079 DOI: 10.1021/jo9815397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic spirodienone structure of the discorhabdin alkaloids is readily formed by reaction of the tyramine-substituted indoloquinonimines 26, 35, and 36 with cupric chloride, triethylamine, and oxygen. This cyclization provides a possibly biomimetic route to discorhabdins C and E (41 and 42). The unbrominated spirodienone 40 reacts with hydrogen over Pd/C to give enone 46. Bromination at the alpha position gives a mixture of bromoenones that undergo smooth conversion to dethiadiscorhabdin D (4) upon treatment with basic alumina.
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35
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Le Quesne PW, Dong Y, Blythe TA. Recent Research on Pyrrole Alkaloids. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(99)80026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Iwao M, Motoi O, Fukuda T, Ishibashi F. New synthetic approach to pyrroloiminoquinone marine alkaloids. Total synthesis of makaluvamines A, D, I, and K. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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Toyota M, Ihara M. Recent progress in the chemistry of non-monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a815327y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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