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Rajasekhar T, Singh G, Kapur GS, Ramakumar SSV. Recent advances in catalytic chain transfer polymerization of isobutylene: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18180-18191. [PMID: 35517218 PMCID: PMC9053765 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the development of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB), a major commercial intermediate toward fuel and lubricant additives. Recent years have witnessed very substantial advances in the catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of isobutylene/industrial Raffinate-1 (C4 Raffinate) to produce HRPIB, particularly in nonpolar solvents at elevated temperatures. The main subjects of this review are cationic polymerization of isobutylene, progress in HRPIB research and existing challenges, and recent advances of CCTP. New initiating/catalyst systems based on ionic liquids with Lewis acids are detailed, and this approach may open new views in the synthesis of HRPIB. Some current developments in CCTP of industrial Raffinate-1 and mechanistic studies are also described. This review strongly supports that the hydrocarbon soluble Lewis acid·ether (LA·ether) complex catalyzed CCTP will become the most popular technique for preparing HRPIB and could replace the traditional BF3 catalyzed industrial method. This review presents the development of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB), a major commercial intermediate toward fuel and lubricant additives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tota Rajasekhar
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - Gurpreet Singh Kapur
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- R&D Center, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Sector-13 Faridabad-121007 Haryana India
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2
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Campbell CG, Storey RF. Carbocationic Copolymerization of Isobutylene and 2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-Pentadiene. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Garrett Campbell
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Robson F. Storey
- The University of Southern Mississippi, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Drive # 5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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3
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Zhu S, Wang K, Lu Y. Effects of Ether on the Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene Catalyzed by AlCl 3. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2033-2039. [PMID: 31458512 PMCID: PMC6641355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared different initiator solutions containing ether and AlCl3 by changing the addition sequence of ingredients, studied the interactions between ether and AlCl3 from the evolution of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra by comparison, and investigated the catalytic performances of AlCl3 affected by ether for isobutylene polymerization. We observed that different preparation methods of initiator solutions could lead to two kinds of interactions between ether and H2O/AlCl3 in hexane. The strong interaction could stabilize carbenium ions and seriously decrease the catalytic performance, whereas the weak interaction could promote isomerization and proton elimination. Moreover, we found that the preparation method of initiator solutions was not a critical factor in CH2Cl2. Finally, a universal mechanism based on the AlCl3-involved interactions in different solvents was proposed to understand the effects of ether on the cationic polymerization catalyzed by AlCl3 thoroughly.
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4
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Zhu S, Lu Y, Faust R. Micromixing enhanced synthesis of HRPIBs catalyzed by EADC/bis(2-chloroethyl)ether complex. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Better mixing could produce more active centers to accelerate the polymerization by promoting the consumption of carbonium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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5
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Structural Assignment of Commercial Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride‐based Surfactants. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-016-1893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Campbell CG, Ummadisetty S, Storey RF. Decoupling and Functionalization of Coupled Polyisobutylene via Alkoxybenzene Quenching. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Garrett Campbell
- School
of Polymers and High
Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Subramanyam Ummadisetty
- School
of Polymers and High
Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Robson F. Storey
- School
of Polymers and High
Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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7
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Zhu S, Lu YC, Wang K, Luo GS. Fast flow synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene co-initiated by an AlCl3/isopropyl ether complex. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, with AlCl3 addition in the range from 4 to 10 mmol L−1 and enough isopropyl ether (iPr2O) addition, we successfully synthesized highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) using a microflow system within 12 s or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Y. C. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - K. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - G. S. Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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8
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Yang XJ, Guo AR, Xu HC, Wu YX. Direct synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenes via cationic polymerization of isobutylene co-initiated with TiCl 4in nonpolar hydrocarbon media. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - An-ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hui-chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yi-xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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9
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Kostjuk SV. Recent progress in the Lewis acid co-initiated cationic polymerization of isobutylene and 1,3-dienes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15313h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent approaches towards the synthesis of exo-olefin terminated polyisobutylenes and well-defined poly(1,3-diene)s based on their scientific and industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk
- Belarus
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10
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Kostjuk SV, Yeong HY, Voit B. Cationic polymerization of isobutylene at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Yan P, Zhang Y, Xu R. Polyisobutylene with High exo-Olefin Content via β-H Elimination in the Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene with H2O/FeCl3/Dialkyl Ether Initiating System. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1027017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yixian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Riwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of carbon fiber and functional polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Dimitrov P, Emert J, Hua J, Keki S, Faust R. Mechanism of Isomerization in the Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102645w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dimitrov
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Jack Emert
- Infineum USA, 1900 E. Linden Avenue, Linden, New Jersey 07036, United States
| | - Jun Hua
- Infineum USA, 1900 E. Linden Avenue, Linden, New Jersey 07036, United States
| | - Sandor Keki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Debrecen University, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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13
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Zhang LB, Wu YX, Zhou P, Xu RW. Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene by selective polymerization with o
-cresol/AlCl3
initiating system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Liu Q, Wu YX, Zhang Y, Yan PF, Xu RW. A cost-effective process for highly reactive polyisobutylenes via cationic polymerization coinitiated by AlCl3. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Vasilenko IV, Frolov AN, Kostjuk SV. Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene Using AlCl3OBu2 as a Coinitiator: Synthesis of Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1009275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander N. Frolov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
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16
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Simison KL, Stokes CD, Harrison JJ, Storey RF. End-Quenching of Quasiliving Carbocationic Isobutylene Polymerization with Hindered Bases: Quantitative Formation ofexo-Olefin-Terminated Polyisobutylene. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060039+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Storey RF, Stokes CD, Harrison JJ. N-Methylpyrrole-Terminated Polyisobutylene through End-Quenching of Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0474628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robson F. Storey
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, Richmond, California 94802-0627
| | - Casey D. Stokes
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, Richmond, California 94802-0627
| | - James J. Harrison
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, and Chevron Oronite Company, LLC, Richmond, California 94802-0627
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18
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Touchard V, Spitz R, Boisson C, Llauro MF. Highly Active Yttrium and Lanthanide Catalysts for Polymerization of Isobutene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Harrison JJ, Mijares CM, Cheng MT, Hudson J. Negative Ion Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrum of Polyisobutenylsuccinic Anhydride: Implications for Isobutylene Polymerization Mechanism. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011799h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Harrison
- Chevron Oronite Company LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627, and Chevron Research and Technology Co., 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627
| | - Cecilia M. Mijares
- Chevron Oronite Company LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627, and Chevron Research and Technology Co., 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627
| | - Michael T. Cheng
- Chevron Oronite Company LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627, and Chevron Research and Technology Co., 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627
| | - James Hudson
- Chevron Oronite Company LLC, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627, and Chevron Research and Technology Co., 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94802-0627
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20
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Toman L, Sp?v�?ek J, Vl?ek P, Holler P. Thermally induced polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of SnCl4: Kinetic study of the polymerization and NMR structural investigation of low molecular weight products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(20000501)38:9<1568::aid-pola21>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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