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Sustainable Protocol for the Synthesis of 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleoside and 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133993. [PMID: 35807233 PMCID: PMC9268517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved protocol for the transformation of ribonucleosides into 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside and 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside derivatives, including the anti-HIV drugs stavudine (d4T), zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI), was established. The process involves radical deoxygenation of xanthate using environmentally friendly and low-cost reagents. Bromoethane or 3-bromopropanenitrile was the alkylating agent of choice to prepare the ribonucleoside 2′,3′-bisxanthates. In the subsequent radical deoxygenation reaction, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) were used to replace hazardous Bu3SnH and AIBN, respectively. In addition, TBAF was substituted for camphorsulfonic acid in the deprotection step of the 5′-O-silyl ether group, and an enzyme (adenosine deaminase) was used to transform 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine into 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI) in excellent yield.
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Patamia V, Floresta G, Pistarà V, Rescifina A. Green Efficient One-Pot Synthesis and Separation of Nitrones in Water Assisted by a Self-Assembled Nanoreactor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010236. [PMID: 35008661 PMCID: PMC8745384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports an alternative method for preparing nitrones using a tetrahedral capsule as a nanoreactor in water. Using the hydrophobic cavity of the capsule allowed us to reduce the reaction times and easily separate the nitrones from the reaction mixture, obtaining reaction yields equal or comparable to those obtained with the methods already reported. Furthermore, at the basis of this methodology, there is an eco-friendly approach carried out that can certainly be extended to other synthesis methods for the preparation of other substrates by exploiting various types of macrocyclic hosts, suitably designed and widely used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Patamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Gelis C, Dumoulin A, Bekkaye M, Neuville L, Masson G. Chiral Hypervalent Iodine(III) Catalyst Promotes Highly Enantioselective Sulfonyl- and Phosphoryl-oxylactonizations. Org Lett 2016; 19:278-281. [PMID: 28009522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective hypervalent iodine promoted oxylactonization of 4-pentenoic acids has been achieved using stoichiometric or a catalytic amount of chiral aryl-λ3-iodane. This reaction provides straightforward access to a wide range of sulfonyloxy- and phosphoryloxy-γ-butyrolactones in respectable yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Gelis
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Dumoulin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Bekkaye
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Tamura O, Mita N, Imai Y, Nishimura T, Kiyotani T, Yamasaki M, Shiro M, Morita N, Okamoto I, Takeya T, Ishibashi H, Sakamoto M. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of α-alkoxycarbonylnitrones with vinyl ethers and allyl alcohols in the presence of Eu(fod)3: selective activation of (Z)-isomers of the nitrones. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Synthesis of 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides having variations at either or both of the 2′- and 3′-positions. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Lianis P, Mitakou M, Giannoulis A, Nowak J. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition approach to isoxazole, isoxazoline and isoxazolidine analogues of C-nucleosides related to pseudouridine. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rescifina A, Chiacchio U, Piperno A, Sortino S. Binding of a non-ionic pyrenylisoxazolidine derivative to double-stranded polynucleotides: spectroscopic and molecular modelling studies. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Len C, Violeau B. Asymmetric synthesis of thymine nucleoside analogues based on the isochroman core. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Basak A, Bisai S. A divergent chemoenzymatic route to an intermediate for nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2625-8. [PMID: 15863330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two regioisomeric isoxazoline monoacetates 1 and 2 were synthesized from the corresponding diacetate 3 via PPL or PLE catalyzed hydrolysis. With both the enzymes, the initial regioselectivity (approximately 3-4:1) was offset by an intramolecular acyl transfer. In addition to a non-enzymatic catalysis for the acyl transfer, preliminary experiments do suggest a definite but minor role of enzyme for this intramolecular acyl transfer. Compounds 1 and 2 may serve as intermediates for nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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Sridharan V, Muthusubramanian S, Saravanakumar SP. Stereoselective multicomponent synthesis of [3-(5-substituted 2-methoxyphenyl)-5-aryl-2-phenyltetrahydro-4-isoxazolyl](2-thienyl)methanonesvia1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. J Heterocycl Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570420407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chiacchio U, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Pistarà V, Rescifina A, Romeo G, Romeo R. Synthesis of pyrimidine-containing 3-aminobutenolides. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sakamoto M, Kawasaki T, Ishii K, Tamura O. The Chemistry of Pericyclic Reactions and Their Application to Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2003; 123:717-59. [PMID: 14513766 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.123.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder reactions of benzylidenecyanomethyl-1,3-benzothiazoles 17 and -1,3-benzoxazoles 18 as 1-aza-1,3-butadienes are described. The dienes 17 and 18 featuring stabilized imine moieties in the form of heteroaromatic rings react with both electron-deficient and electron-rich dienophiles to give corresponding cycloadducts regioselectively. The cycloadditions of the intramolecular systems 34c,d and 35c,d proceeded smoothly via the exo-transition state, stereoselectively affording polycyclic compounds 36c,d and 37c,d in good to excellent yields. The diene systems of 17 and 18 were extended to dienes 19a-c with ester groups at diene-4-positions. Dienes 19a-c exhibited high Diels-Alder reactivities with electron-rich alkenes. Dienes 19a-c also reacted with allyl alcohols 55-58 in the presence of stanoxane catalyst 53 to give cycloadducts 59-62 via transesterification and intramolecular cycloaddition. Although alpha-alkoxycarbonylnitrones 64 have been very attractive nitrones for the syntheses of amino acids, the nitrones 64 exist as equilibrating mixtures of (E)-64 and (Z)-64. To solve this problem, three methods were explored: 1) sequential transesterification and intermolecular cycloaddition of nitrones 64 with allyl alcohols; 2) use of chiral and geometry-fixed nitrone 84; and 3) selective activation of (Z)-64 by Eu(fod)3. These methods were applied to syntheses of nikkomycins, clavalanine, and beta-substituted alpha-amino acids. The reactions of photoinduced carbonyl ylides from alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma,delta-epoxy nitriles were studied. Direct irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) of (E)-129 led selectively to products arising from the carbonyl ylide XXV or the carbene intermediate XXVI. The carbonyl ylides generated from (E)-129, (E)-139, and (Z)-143 were trapped with MeOH in the presence of amine, affording the corresponding acetals in moderate yields (Schemes 42 and 43). Photocyclization reactions of delta-hydroxyalkyl epoxy nitriles 148a-e led to spiro acetals arising from the carbonyl ylides (Scheme 45). The photoinduced carbonyl ylides from the epoxy dinitriles 158 and 160-163 underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with enol ethers, leading to a tetrahydrofuran system (Schemes 49 and 50, Table 14). Electrocyclization of 3-butadienylindoles 184 to intermediary dihydrocarbazoles XXXII followed by elimination of MeOH gave 3-oxyganated carbazoles 185, which were transformed to carbazole alkaloids hyellazole 168, 4-demethoxycarbazomycin B 170 and carazostatin 171, respectively. Claisen rearrangement of 3-(1-amino-1-vinyloxy) indolines derived from 3-hydroxyindolines 192 and amide acetal 193 gave indol-4-ylacetamides 194, which was reduced to afford 4-(2-aminoethyl) indoles 198, which has a framework of biologically active 4-substituted indole compounds. Claisen rearrangement of 3-allyloxyindoles produced in situ by condensation of indolin-3-ones 202 with allyl alcohols 203 and 206-211 gave 2-allylindolin-3-ones 204, 205 and 212-220. The domino reactions, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination of 2-allyloxyindole 233, isomerization, and Claisen rearrangement produced 3-allylindolin-2-one 234, which was derivatized to 3a-allylpyrrolo [2,3-b] indole alkaloid, flustramine C 221. Reverse aromatic Cope rearrangement of 2-allyl-3-indolidene acetonitriles 241-243, formed by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of 2-allylindolin-3-ones 238-240, afforded indoles 244-246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sakamoto
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan.
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Mates J, Merino P, Piperno A, Rescifina A, Romeo G, Romeo R, Tejero T. Isoxazolidine analogues of pseudouridine: a new class of modified nucleosides. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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A DFT study on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of C-(methoxycarbonyl)-N-methyl nitrone with methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Pilanidou P. An entry to new isoxazoline analogues of dideoxynucleosides by bromonitrile oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Procopio A, Rescifina A, Romeo G, Romeo R. Intramolecular cycloadditions of alpha-allyloxycarbonylnitrones: stereoselective synthesis of 3-amino-2(5H)furanones. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4380-3. [PMID: 12054980 DOI: 10.1021/jo025626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of furoisoxazolidines with NaH leads to functionalized 3-amino-2(5H)-furanones through a new rearrangement pattern of the isoxazolidine nucleus. This process has been usefully exploited for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (5R)-3-alkylamino-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Italy.
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Richichi B, Cicchi S, Chiacchio U, Romeo G, Brandi A. Chemo-, regio- and stereoselective Mitsunobu reaction of unprotected pyrimidine bases with hydroxypyrrolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Colacino E, Converso A, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. Simple and efficient routes for the preparation of isoxazolidinyl nucleosides containing cytosine and 5-methyl-cytosine as new potential anti-HIV drugs. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu F, Austin DJ. Synthesis of a new class of 5'-functionalized adenosines using a rh(ii)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Org Lett 2001; 3:2273-6. [PMID: 11463294 DOI: 10.1021/ol015995k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Chemically protected adenosine was functionalized at the 5' position to generate novel dipolarophiles and mesoionic dipoles. These species were found to undergo facile 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to afford a new series of adenosine derivatives that contain a point of diversification at the 5' position of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Rescifina A, Romeo R, Romeo G. Diastereoselective synthesis of N,O-psiconucleosides via 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tanaka J, Kanemasa S. Ab initio study of Lewis acid catalyzed nitrone cycloaddition to electron deficient alkenes. Does a Lewis acid catalyst change the reaction mechanism? Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of 4′-aza analogues of 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Gumina G, Rescifina A, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Romeo G, Romeo R. Homochiral α-d- and β-d-Isoxazolidinylthymidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gumina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale A. Doria 6, Università di Catania, Italy, and Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Viale SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Italy
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