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Gibson HW, Rouser MA, Schoonover DV. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Copolymers Using a Polypseudorotaxane Intermediate. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Mason A. Rouser
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Daniel V. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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2
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Porasso RD, Sancho MI, Parajó M, García-Río L, Enriz RD. Pseudorotaxane formation affected by stereo-electronic effects. A theoretical and experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1654-1665. [PMID: 34981083 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a theoretical and experimental study on different complexes of pseudorotaxanes possessing pyridine axles. In order to evaluate the stereo-electronic effects of the methyl substituents in the pyridine ring, complexes with different substitution patterns were synthesized. In this way, it was possible to analyze the different behaviors of these complexes according to the positions of their methyl substituents. Combined techniques of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations with the help of molecular electrostatic potentials for a simpler visualization of the electronic effects were employed. We have sought experimental support of NMR spectroscopy analysis to corroborate the conclusions obtained from the molecular simulations. Our results not only clearly demonstrate that both electronic and steric effects play key roles in the feasibility of the formation of such complexes, but also the simulations reported here might predict the degree of difficulty of their formation. The combination of computational techniques employed here seems to be an excellent approach to be able to predict whether or not a complex can be formed and with what degree of difficulty. In addition, our experimental and theoretical results have allowed us to visualize the formation of external complexes in the rotaxanes reported here. In this case, the use of bolaforms with trimethylammonium groups at both ends was very useful to evaluate in detail the formation of the so-called external complexes in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo D Porasso
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700, Argentina
| | - Matias I Sancho
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Mercedes Parajó
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago, Spain.
| | - Luis García-Río
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago, Spain.
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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3
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Schönbeck C. Complexation Kinetics of Cyclodextrins with Bile Salt Anions: Energy Barriers for the Threading of Ionic Groups. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9831-9838. [PMID: 31664833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding constants for thousands of cyclodextrin complexes have been reported in the literature, but much less is known about the kinetics of these host-guest complexes. In the present study, inclusion complexes of bile salts with β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and a methylated β-cyclodextrin were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape analysis to explore the structural factors that govern the complexation kinetics. For complexes with β-cyclodextrin, the association rate constants ranged from 2 × 106 to 2 × 107 M-1 s-1 while the dissociation rate constants ranged from 12 to 6000 s-1 at 25 °C. The kinetics were thus significantly slower than for any other β-cyclodextrin complex reported in the literature, due to the large energy barrier for threading the ionic sidechains of the bile salt anions. Bile salts with taurine and glycine sidechains had identical binding affinities, but the kinetics differed by a factor of 10. Introduction of a single hydroxyl group at the binding site of the bile salts reduced the lifetimes and binding constants of the complexes by more than 50 times. The strong temperature dependence of the rate constants revealed that the large activation energies were mainly enthalpic with a small contribution from entropy. The larger γ-cyclodextrin was threaded by the nonionic end of the bile salts, and the kinetics were too fast to be accurately determined. The study demonstrates that ionic groups on guest molecules constitute significant energy barriers for the threading and dethreading of β-cyclodextrin hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schönbeck
- Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1 , DK-4000 Roskilde , Denmark
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4
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Riss-Yaw B, Métro TX, Lamaty F, Coutrot F. Association of liquid-assisted grinding with aging accelerates the inherently slow slipping-on of a dibenzo-24-crown-8 over the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of an ammonium-containing thread. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21587-21590. [PMID: 35521333 PMCID: PMC9066157 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Very efficient slipping-on of the dibenzo-24-crown-8 over the NHS end of an ammonium-containing molecular axle was carried out through a solvent-less procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Riss-Yaw
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Green Chemistry and Enabling Technologies Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247, CNRS
- Université de Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Green Chemistry and Enabling Technologies Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247, CNRS
- Université de Montpellier
- ENSCM
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
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5
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Riss-Yaw B, Clavel C, Laurent P, Coutrot F. The relationship between the conformational degree of freedom of template-containing threads and slippage in the formation of [2]rotaxane building blocks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10874-10877. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Slippage is correlated with the degree of freedom of the molecular thread to be encircled. The straighter the thread, the faster is the slippage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Riss-Yaw
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - C. Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - Ph. Laurent
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
| | - F. Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- Univ. Montpellier
- UMR 5247 CNRS
- ENSCM
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6
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Gangopadhyay M, Maity A, Dey A, Das A. [2]Pseudorotaxane Formation with FRET Based Luminescence Response: Demonstration of Boolean Operations through Self-Sorting on Solid Surface. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8977-8987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Gangopadhyay
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Arunava Maity
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Ananta Dey
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar,Gujarat 364002, India
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7
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Quiroga M, Parajó M, Rodríguez-Dafonte P, García-Río L. Kinetic Study of [2]Pseudorotaxane Formation with an Asymmetrical Thread. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6367-6375. [PMID: 27232769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on cyclodextrin (CD)-based [2]pseudorotaxane formation have been carried out by a combination of NMR and calorimetric techniques using bolaform surfactants as axles. Experimental evidence of the formation of an external complex between the trimethylammonium head groups of the axle and the external hydrogen atoms of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) is reported. Inclusion of this external complex in the reaction pathway allows us to explain the kinetic behavior as well as the nonlinear dependence of the observed rate constant on CD concentrations. The equilibrium constant for [2]pseudorotaxane formation is strongly affected by the spacer length of the axle. This effect is a consequence of increasing rotaxane stability because the threading rate constant is almost independent of the spacer length, but dethreading strongly decreases on increasing the axle size. Using a nonsymmetrical axle with tripropyl and trimethylammonium cations precludes CD threading by the large head side. CDs will thread this asymmetrical bolaform by both their wide and narrow sides, yielding two isomeric [2]pseudorotaxanes. Threading by the wide side of the CD is 60% more favorable than that by the narrow one, but dethreading rate constants are the same for both isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Física, Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Mercedes Parajó
- Departamento de Química Física, Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Pedro Rodríguez-Dafonte
- Departamento de Química Física, Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Departamento de Química Física, Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago, Spain
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8
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Ogoshi T, Tamura Y, Yamafuji D, Aoki T, Yamagishi TA. Facile and efficient formation and dissociation of a pseudo[2]rotaxane by a slippage approach using pillar[5]arene-based cyclic host liquid and solvent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10297-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A pillar[5]arene-based [2]rotaxane was synthesized by heating an axle with valine ends in a cyclic host liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
| | - Yuko Tamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
| | - Daiki Yamafuji
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
| | - Takamichi Aoki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
| | - Tada-aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa
- Japan
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10
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Yan J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu K, Li W, Wu P, Zhang A. Thermoresponsive Supramolecular Dendrimers via Host-Guest Interactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Mahato P, Ghosh A, Mishra SK, Shrivastav A, Mishra S, Das A. Zn(II)-cyclam based chromogenic sensors for recognition of ATP in aqueous solution under physiological conditions and their application as viable staining agents for microorganism. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4162-70. [PMID: 21449545 DOI: 10.1021/ic200223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two chromogenic complexes, L.Zn (where L is (E)-4-((4-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline) and its [2]pseudorotaxane form (α-CD.L.Zn), were found to bind preferentially to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), among all other common anions and biologically important phosphate (AMP, ADP, pyrophosphate, and phosphate) ions in aqueous HEPES buffer medium of pH 7.2. Studies with live cell cultures of prokaryotic microbes revealed that binding of these two reagents to intercellular ATP, produced in situ, could be used in delineating the gram-positive and the gram-negative bacteria. More importantly, these dyes were found to be nontoxic to living microbes (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) and could be used for studying the cell growth dynamics. Binding to these two viable staining agents to intercellular ATP was also confirmed by spectroscopic studies on cell growth in the presence of different respiratory inhibitors that influence the intercellular ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mahato
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, 364002 Gujarat, India
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12
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Mahato P, Ghosh A, Saha S, Mishra S, Mishra SK, Das A. Recognition of Hg2+ Using Diametrically Disubstituted Cyclam Unit. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11485-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1014797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mahato
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sukdeb Saha
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjiv K. Mishra
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, (CSIR), Bhavnagar -364002, Gujarat, India
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13
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Baroncini M, Silvi S, Venturi M, Credi A. Reversible Photoswitching of Rotaxane Character and Interplay of Thermodynamic Stability and Kinetic Lability in a Self-Assembling Ring-Axle Molecular System. Chemistry 2010; 16:11580-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Oshikiri T, Yamaguchi H, Takashima Y, Harada A. Face selective translation of a cyclodextrin ring along an axle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5515-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b906425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Baer AJ, Macartney DH. Orientational Isomers of Cyclodextrin Semirotaxanes and Rotaxanes With Organic and Transition Metal Complex Stoppers. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270601185200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Baer
- a Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston, Canada , ON K7L 3N6
| | - Donal H. Macartney
- a Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , Kingston, Canada , ON K7L 3N6
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17
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Oshikiri T, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Face-Selective [2]- and [3]Rotaxanes: Kinetic Control of the Threading Direction of Cyclodextrins. Chemistry 2007; 13:7091-8. [PMID: 17563911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New [2]- and [3]pseudorotaxanes containing alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CDs) molecules as rotors and alkyl pyridinium derivatives as axles were prepared by a slipping process. The inclusion behavior of these rotaxanes was investigated by using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The methyl group at the 2-position of the pyridinium moiety at the end of each axle molecule was found to control the rates of threading of the alpha-CD onto the axle molecules. alpha-CD can approach axle molecules from a particular direction to form inclusion complexes. Axle molecules that contain a 2-methylpyridinium moiety at one end and a bulky stopper at the other end can regulate the direction of approach to give a [2]pseudorotaxane such as 2 b-alpha-CD. A [3]pseudorotaxane in which two alpha-CD molecules are arranged facing in the same direction at two stations of the tetracationic axle molecule was also obtained. These face-selective behaviors are dominated by kinetic processes rather than thermodynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Oshikiri
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Park JW. Kinetics and Mechanism of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexation Incorporating Bidirectional Inclusion and Formation of Orientational Isomers. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24915-22. [PMID: 17149912 DOI: 10.1021/jp065238+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexation has been usually analyzed in terms of a one-step reaction or a consecutive two-step reaction involving intracomplex structural transformation as a second step. These schemes presume the inclusion of guest molecules through only one side of the CD cavity and the formation of unidirectional CD complexes. However, there has been increasing experimental evidence for the inclusion of guests through both sides of the CD cavity and the formation of orientational isomers for noncentrosymmetric guest molecules. This article presents a novel parallel reaction scheme for CD inclusion complexation, incorporating bidirectional inclusion and the formation of orientational isomers into the scheme. It is shown that the parallel reaction scheme gives the same concentration versus reaction time relationship as the consecutive two-step reaction scheme. The experimental methods for determining the microscopic directional rate constants are presented. The kinetic parameters of the two-step reaction scheme are expressed as functions of the directional rate constants. The ratios of orientational isomers of alpha-CD-based [2]-pseudorotaxanes and the microscopic directional rate constants of the threading and dethreading reactions are estimated from the reported thermodynamic and kinetics data obtained by using either the one-step or two-step reaction scheme. It is shown that the thermodynamic preference of an isomer over the other is mainly due to the slow dethreading rate of the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Yu L, Zhang H, Ding J. A Subtle End-Group Effect on Macroscopic Physical Gelation of Triblock Copolymer Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2232-5. [PMID: 16518786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Yu L, Zhang H, Ding J. A Subtle End-Group Effect on Macroscopic Physical Gelation of Triblock Copolymer Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wenz
- Organische Makromolekulare Chemie, Saarland University, Geb. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Jin VX, Macartney DH, Buncel E. α- and β-Cyclodextrin [2]rotaxanes with (diethylenetriamine)platinum(II) stoppers. CAN J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/v05-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [(dien)Pt(NH2(CH2)nNH2)Pt(dien)]Cl4 (dien = diethylenetriamine, n = 8, 9, 10, and 12) and their corresponding [2]rotaxanes with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), [(dien)Pt{NH2(CH2)nNH2·α-CD}Pt(dien)]Cl4, have been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The rotaxanes were prepared by reacting the {NH2(CH2)nNH2·α-CD} pseudorotaxanes with [Pt(dien)]Cl, to stopper the included linear α,ω-diaminoalkane chains with the inert Pt(II) end groups. The kinetics of the self-assembly and dissociation of the β-CD rotaxane, [(dien)Pt{NH2(CH2)10NH2·β-CD}Pt(dien)]4+, were investigated by using 1H NMR and are indicative of a slippage mechanism, owing to the comparable sizes of the β-CD cavity and the [Pt(dien)]+ end group. A relatively weak inclusion of the end group in the β-CD cavity precedes a thermally promoted passage of the β-CD over the [Pt(dien)]+ end group onto the hydrophobic polymethylene chain of the bridging ligand of the thread. Key words: rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, cyclodextrin, platinum complexes, slippage mechanism.
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Jin VX, Macartney DH, Buncel E. Assembly and Dissociation of Α-Cyclodextrin [2]Pseudorotaxanes with α,ω-Bis(N-(N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine)alkane Threads. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-005-2065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Baer AJ, Macartney DH. Orientational isomers of α-cyclodextrin [2]semi-rotaxanes with asymmetric dicationic threads. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1448-52. [PMID: 15827640 DOI: 10.1039/b418055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel dicationic threading molecules [Quin(CH2)10R]2+ and [3,5-Lut(CH2)10R]2+, where Quin+ = quinuclidinium, 3,5-Lut+ = 3,5-lutidinium, and R+ = N(CH3)3+ and N(CH3)2CH2CH3+, form [2]semi-rotaxanes with [small alpha]-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) in aqueous solution. The quinuclidinium and 3,5-lutidinium are sufficiently bulky to prevent threading while the R+ groups allow for slow threading by alpha-CD at 25 degrees C. The resulting [2]semi-rotaxanes exist in two orientational isomers owing to the asymmetry of both the alpha-CD cavity and the threading molecules. Two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy and kinetics experiments reveal that the isomer in which the narrower rim (primary OHs) is positioned near the R+ group is the kinetically preferred isomer, while the other isomer is the thermodynamically preferred product. The kinetics and mechanism of the formation, dissociation, and interconversion of the two isomers have been determined at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Baer
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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25
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Choi HS, Ooya T, Lee SC, Sasaki S, Kurisawa M, Uyama H, Yui N. pH Dependence of Polypseudorotaxane Formation between Cationic Linear Polyethylenimine and Cyclodextrins. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049215+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Intervalence charge transfer transition in mixed valence complexes synthesised from RuIII(edta)- and FeII(CN)5-cores. J CHEM SCI 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Baer AJ, Macartney DH. alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin rotaxanes of mu-bis(4-pyridyl)bis[pentacyanoferrate(II)] complexes. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1410-7. [PMID: 12526443 DOI: 10.1021/ic990502h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the self-assemblies of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin (CD) [2]rotaxanes, [(NC)5Fe-[pyRpy.CD]Fe(CN)5]6-, containing pentacyanoferrate(II)-stoppered 4,4'-bis(pyridyl) threads pyRpy (R = -CH = CH-, -N=N-, -CH=N-N=CH-, and -C(CH3)=N-N=C(CH3)-) have been investigated in aqueous solution by using visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The rotaxanes may be formed rapidly by the addition of the [Fe(CN)5OH2]3- ion to the CD-included pyRpy thread or slowly by the addition of an excess of CD to the dimeric [(NC)5Fe(pyRpy)Fe(CN)5]6- complex. In the latter method, the mechanism involves a rate-determining dissociation of a [Fe(CN)5]3- center to form the monomeric complex, which subsequently includes the coordinated pyRpy in the CD cavity to yield the semirotaxane, which is rapidly recomplexed by the [Fe(CN)5OH2]3- ion, generating the [2]rotaxane. Rate and activation parameters and CD inclusion stability constants have been determined for the ligand substitution reactions involving the formations and dissociations of the semirotaxanes and rotaxanes. The extents of the decreases in the formation (kf) and dissociation (kd) rate constants upon CD inclusions of the free and coordinated ligands, respectively, are related to the natures of the CD hosts and the R linkage on the pyRpy guests. The semirotaxanes and rotaxanes exhibit significant bathochromic shifts in their visible MLCT transitions compared with the corresponding monomeric and dimeric iron complexes. A correlation between the extent of the decrease in kd and the change in the MLCT energy upon alpha-CD inclusions of [Fe(CN)5L]3-, where L is an aromatic N-heterocyclic 4-Rpy or pyRpy ligand, has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Baer
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Macartney DH, Roszak AW, Smith K. Effects of β-cyclodextrin inclusion on the kinetics of the oxidation of bisferrocenyl cations by bis(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)cobaltate(III) in aqueous solution: crystal structure of dimethyldi-(1-methylferrocene)ammonium bromide. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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