1
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Bai M, Jia S, Zhang J, Cheng H, Cong H, Liu S, Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Zhou Q. A Modular Approach for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 1,3‐
trans
‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines: Seven‐Step Asymmetric Synthesis of Michellamines B and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205245. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Bai
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shihu Jia
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hong‐Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhiqian Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Yaoguo Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200131 China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
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2
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Bai M, Jia S, Zhang J, Cheng HG, Cong H, Liu S, Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Zhou Q. A Modular Approach for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 1,3‐trans‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines: Seven‐Step Asymmetric Synthesis of Michellamines B and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Bai
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Shihu Jia
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences CHINA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies CHINA
| | - Zhiqian Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd Daicel Chiral Technologies CHINA
| | - Yaoguo Huang
- Daicel Chiral Technologies (China) Co., Ltd Daicel Chrial Technologies CHINA
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Daicel Chrial Technologies (China) Co., Ltd Daicel Chrial Technologies CHINA
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang, WuhanHubei, China, 430072 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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3
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Talk RA, El-Tunsi A, Robertson CC, Coldham I. Regioselective Lithiation and Electrophilic Quenching of N
-Boc-3-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruaa A. Talk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Ashraf El-Tunsi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Craig C. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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4
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Flores-Ferrándiz J, Carter N, González-Soria MJ, Wasinska M, Gill D, Maciá B, Caprio V. Stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted dihydroisoquinolines vial-phenylalanine-derived dihydroisoquinoline N-oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6961-6968. [PMID: 30229796 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of chiral pool-derived nitrone 3 and its use in the protecting-group free, stereoselective synthesis of a range of 1,3-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines is described. Grignard reagent additions to nitrone 3 yielded trans-1,3-disubstituted N-hydroxytetrahydroisoquinolines 6 with good levels of selectivity, while 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to this nitrone provided access to 3-(2-hydroxyalkyl)isoquinolines 12 as single diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Flores-Ferrándiz
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Campus, Oxford Road, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK.
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5
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Benmekhbi L, Louafi F, Roisnel T, Hurvois JP. Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids and Related Compounds through the Alkylation of Anodically Prepared α-Amino Nitriles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6721-39. [PMID: 27410716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Amino nitrile 2a was conveniently prepared in two individual steps from chiral hexafluorophosphate salt isoquinolinium (-)-8b including anodic cyanation as an efficient means to activate the sp(3) C1-H bond of the THIQ nucleus. The lithiation of 2a was carried out in THF at -80 °C in the presence of LDA to produce a stable α-amino carbanion which was condensed on a large variety of alkyl halides. The resulting quaternary α-amino nitriles were subjected to a stereoselective reductive decyanation in ethanol in the presence of NaBH4 as the hydride donor to yield N-Boc-1-alkyl-THIQs (+)-10a-g in up to 97:3 er's after removal of the chiral auxiliary group. Examination of the ORTEP view of THIQ (+)-1f revealed that the newly created stereogenic center had an absolute S configuration. Likewise, (-)-xylopinine was synthesized in four workup steps in an overall 63% yield from α-amino nitrile (+)-2b. In this process, crystallization of an enantioenriched mixture (90:10) of (-)-norlaudanosine with 1 equiv of (-)-N-acetyl-l-leucine afforded the leucinate salt (+)-13 (99:1 dr). Similarly, (+)-salsolidine was displaced from its (-)-DBTA salt (-)-12 in 99:1 er, which was determined by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy in the presence of thiophosphinic acid (+)-14 as the chiral solvating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Benmekhbi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Constantine 1 , route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie
| | - Fadila Louafi
- Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Constantine 1 , route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de Diffractométrie X, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 , Bat. 10 B, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hurvois
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 , 2 Avenue Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
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6
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Raghavan S, Senapati P. Oxazolidines as Intermediates in the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Substituted and 1,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6201-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadagopan Raghavan
- Natural
Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Puspamitra Senapati
- Natural
Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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7
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Stereoselective photoinduced electrocyclic ring closure of aromatic enehydrazides. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-aryl dihydroisoquinolones and tetrahydroisoquinolines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Boudiar T, Sahli Z, Sundararaju B, Achard M, Kabouche Z, Doucet H, Bruneau C. Isoquinoline Derivatives via Stepwise Regioselective sp2 and sp3 C–H Bond Functionalizations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3674-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300237s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Boudiar
- Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologies, BPE 73, Ali Mendjli, Nouvelle Ville,
25000 Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire d’Obtention
de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Département de
chimie, Université Mentouri-Constantine, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zeyneb Sahli
- UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques-Catalyse et Organométalliques,
Campus de Beaulieu-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques-Catalyse et Organométalliques,
Campus de Beaulieu-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Achard
- UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques-Catalyse et Organométalliques,
Campus de Beaulieu-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d’Obtention
de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Département de
chimie, Université Mentouri-Constantine, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Henri Doucet
- UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques-Catalyse et Organométalliques,
Campus de Beaulieu-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques-Catalyse et Organométalliques,
Campus de Beaulieu-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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9
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Lee KM, Kim JC, Kang P, Lee WK, Eum H, Ha HJ. Chiral aziridine-2-carboxylates: versatile precursors for functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Srivastava AK, Koh M, Park SB. A synthetic route to highly substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via Yb(OTf)3 -catalyzed diastereoselective ring opening of bridged oxazolidines: asymmetric synthesis of 2-azapodophyllotoxin. Chemistry 2011; 17:4905-13. [PMID: 21404349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a robust and efficient synthetic route to highly functionalized enantiopure 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) from Garner aldehyde. We utilized the inherent chirality of Garner aldehyde through 1,2- and 1,3-/1,4-asymmetric inductions iteratively to obtain 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstitued THIQs using rigid and isolable bridged oxazolidines without any external chiral sources. All possible stereoisomers of bridged oxazoliodines were efficiently synthesized from L- and D-Garner aldehydes and transformed into fully functionalized THIQs via diastereoselective ring opening with various nucleophiles in the presence of Yb(OTf)(3). This methodology furnished four out of eight possible diastereomers of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted THIQs despite the electronic nature of substituents on the aryl rings. Finally, the enantioselective synthesis of 2-azapodophyllotoxin was achieved with an overall yield of 35.4% (eight steps) from D-Garner aldehyde using this synthetic route.
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11
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Tussetschläger S, Baro A, Laschat S, Frey W. Synthesis of Tyrosine-Derived Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclization ofN-(Phenylsulfonyl)alkyloxazolidinones. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Eustache J, Van de Weghe P, Le Nouen D, Uyehara H, Kabuto C, Yamamoto Y. Controlled Synthesis of Cis or Trans Isomers of 1,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines and 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4043-53. [PMID: 15876095 DOI: 10.1021/jo0501543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reactions: see text] The stereoselective outcome of Pd(II)- or Ag(I)-catalyzed intramolecular N-alkylation to afford 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was examined. In the absence of additional substituents, Pd(II) allows a facile access to the cis isomers, while Ag(I) favors formation of the trans isomers. The same observation was made for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines. Possible reasons for the observed stereoselectivities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Eustache
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique associé au CNRS, Université de Haute-Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3, rue Alfred Werner, F-68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
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13
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Vicario JL, Badı́a D, Carrillo L, Anakabe E. A general procedure for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Chandrasekhar S, Reddy N, Reddy M, Jagannadh B, Nagaraju A, Ravi Sankar A, Kunwar A. Highly efficient synthesis of 3-alkyl/aryl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines from N , N -dibenzylaminols. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Higashiyama K, Yamauchi T, Sugiyama J. Aryl Radical Cyclization of Chiral 3-Allyl-2-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidines with Tributyltin Hydride. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-s(m)42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Adam S, Pannecoucke X, Combret JC, Quirion JC. Diastereoselective alkylation of 2,3,4,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic amides. Application to the asymmetric synthesis of 1-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and 1-substituted-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8744-50. [PMID: 11749602 DOI: 10.1021/jo0155658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diastereoselective alkylation of amides 3a,b and 7a,b derived from gulonic acid is described. Substituted compounds are obtained in good yield and high diastereoselectivity. A mechanistic investigation establishes that the diastereoselectivity did not arise from an initial asymmetric deprotonation. The stereochemistry is then determined during the alkylation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adam
- Laboratoire d'Hétérochimie Organique associé au CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF, INSA et Université de Rouen, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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17
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2-Substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and chiral 3-carboxyl analogues from N-benzotriazolylmethyl-N-phenethylamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Cabedo N, Andreu I, Ramírez De Arellano MC, Chagraoui A, Serrano A, Bermejo A, Protais P, Cortes D. Enantioselective Syntheses of Dopaminergic (R)- and (S)-Benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1794-801. [PMID: 11356113 DOI: 10.1021/jm001128u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optically pure (1S,R)- and (1R,S)-benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines (BTHIQs), 12a,b as the major diastereomers, were prepared by stereoselective reduction of the isoquinolinium salt possessing (R)- and (S)-phenylglycinol as the chiral auxiliary, respectively. The absolute configurations of (1S,R)-13a hydrochloride (O-debenzoylated derivative from 12a) and (1R,S)-12b diastereomers were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Reductive removal of the chiral auxiliary group, subsequent N-propylation, and cleavage of the methylenedioxy group furnished the optically active catecholamines (1S)-16a and (1R)-16b in good overall yield. We have separately prepared for the first time pairs of dopaminergic 1-BTHIQs enantiomers through a classical methodology in asymmetric synthesis. The (1S)-enantiomers (14a-16a) bind to D1 and D2 dopamine receptors with affinities 5-15 times higher than those of the corresponding (1R)-enantiomers (14b-16b). Moreover, (1S)-14a inhibits [3H]dopamine uptake with high affinity. It appears that synthesis and testing of (S)-enantiomers of BTHIQ are very important for the search for new active drugs at dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cabedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Derdau V, Snieckus V. Condensation of laterally lithiated o-methyl and o-ethyl benzamides with imines mediated by (-)-sparteine. Enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones. J Org Chem 2001; 66:1992-8. [PMID: 11300891 DOI: 10.1021/jo001369+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-ones using a (-)-sparteine-mediated lateral metalation-imine addition sequence to furnish 3-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolinones 3a with enantioselectivities up to 81% ee is described (Scheme 4). For amide 7b, imine addition products 10 and 11 have been obtained with high diastereoselectivities (91-97% de) and enantioselectivities (91-98% ee) (Scheme 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Derdau
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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20
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Chandrasekhar S, Mohanty PK, Harikishan K, Sasmal PK. Unexpected Formation of 3-Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines during Tosylation of N,N-dibenzylaminols. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9901220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chandrasekhar
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | | | - K. Harikishan
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Pradip K. Sasmal
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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