1
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Paquette AR, Boddy CN. Macrocyclization strategies for the total synthesis of cyclic depsipeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8043-8053. [PMID: 37750186 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides are an important class of peptide natural products that are defined by the presence of ester and amide bonds within the macrocycle. The structural diversity of depsipeptides has required the development of a broad range of synthetic strategies to access these biologically active compounds. Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) strategies have been an invaluable tool in their synthesis. The key aspect of their synthesis is the macrocyclization strategy. Three main strategies are used, solution phase macrolactamization of acyclic ester containing peptide, on-resin macrolactamization of a sidechain-anchored peptide, and the solution phase macrolactonization of a linear peptide. Additionally, biocatalysts have been used to produce these compounds in a regio- and chemo-selective manner. Each compound offers unique challenges, requiring careful synthetic design to avoid undesirable side reactivity or unwanted epimerization during the esterification and macrocyclizing steps. This focused review analyzes these three strategies for cyclic depsipeptide natural product total synthesis with selected examples from the literature between 2001-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Paquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Christopher N Boddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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2
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Hosono Y, Uchida S, Shinkai M, Townsend CE, Kelly CN, Naylor MR, Lee HW, Kanamitsu K, Ishii M, Ueki R, Ueda T, Takeuchi K, Sugita M, Akiyama Y, Lokey SR, Morimoto J, Sando S. Amide-to-ester substitution as a stable alternative to N-methylation for increasing membrane permeability in cyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1416. [PMID: 36932083 PMCID: PMC10023679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring peptides with high membrane permeability often have ester bonds on their backbones. However, the impact of amide-to-ester substitutions on the membrane permeability of peptides has not been directly evaluated. Here we report the effect of amide-to-ester substitutions on the membrane permeability and conformational ensemble of cyclic peptides related to membrane permeation. Amide-to-ester substitutions are shown to improve the membrane permeability of dipeptides and a model cyclic hexapeptide. NMR-based conformational analysis and enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the conformational transition of the cyclic hexapeptide upon membrane permeation is differently influenced by an amide-to-ester substitution and an amide N-methylation. The effect of amide-to-ester substitution on membrane permeability of other cyclic hexapeptides, cyclic octapeptides, and a cyclic nonapeptide is also investigated to examine the scope of the substitution. Appropriate utilization of amide-to-ester substitution based on our results will facilitate the development of membrane-permeable peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hosono
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Moe Shinkai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chad E Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Colin N Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Matthew R Naylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masatake Sugita
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Middle-Molecule IT-based Drug Discovery Laboratory (MIDL), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akiyama
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
- Middle-Molecule IT-based Drug Discovery Laboratory (MIDL), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Scott R Lokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Jumpei Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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3
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Marine Cyclic Peptides: Antimicrobial Activity and Synthetic Strategies. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060397. [PMID: 35736200 PMCID: PMC9230156 DOI: 10.3390/md20060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans are a rich source of structurally unique bioactive compounds from the perspective of potential therapeutic agents. Marine peptides are a particularly interesting group of secondary metabolites because of their chemistry and wide range of biological activities. Among them, cyclic peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, including against bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Moreover, there are several examples of marine cyclic peptides revealing interesting antimicrobial activities against numerous drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, making these compounds a very promising resource in the search for novel antimicrobial agents to revert multidrug-resistance. This review summarizes 174 marine cyclic peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral properties. These natural products were categorized according to their sources—sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, crabs, marine bacteria, and fungi—and chemical structure—cyclic peptides and depsipeptides. The antimicrobial activities, including against drug-resistant microorganisms, unusual structural characteristics, and hits more advanced in (pre)clinical studies, are highlighted. Nocathiacins I–III (91–93), unnarmicins A (114) and C (115), sclerotides A (160) and B (161), and plitidepsin (174) can be highlighted considering not only their high antimicrobial potency in vitro, but also for their promising in vivo results. Marine cyclic peptides are also interesting models for molecular modifications and/or total synthesis to obtain more potent compounds, with improved properties and in higher quantity. Solid-phase Fmoc- and Boc-protection chemistry is the major synthetic strategy to obtain marine cyclic peptides with antimicrobial properties, and key examples are presented guiding microbiologist and medicinal chemists to the discovery of new antimicrobial drug candidates from marine sources.
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4
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Wu C, Hoang HN, Hill TA, Lim J, Kok WM, Akondi K, Liu L, Fairlie DP. Helical structure in cyclic peptides: effect of N-methyl amides versus esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12475-12478. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides with esters but not N-methyl amides are the smallest known alpha helices in water and can enter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Huy N. Hoang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - W. Mei Kok
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Kalyani Akondi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Das D, Rajkumari K, Rokhum L. Polymer-Bound Triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene as a Coupling Reagents for Chromatography-Free Esterification Reaction. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:1024-1031. [PMID: 31984883 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190919152424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Sustainable production of fine chemicals both in industries and pharmaceuticals heavily depends on the application of solid-phase synthesis route coupled with microwave technologies due to their environmentally benign nature. In this report, a microwave-assisted esterification reaction using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-dinitroazobenzene reagent system was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The solvents were obtained from Merck India. Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine (~3 mmol triphenylphosphine moiety/g) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The progress of the reaction was observed by thin-layer chromatography. All the reactions were performed in Milestones StartSYNTH microwave. The NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance III 300, 400, and 500 MHz FT NMR Spectrometers. Using azo compound and polymer-bound triphenyl phosphine as a coupling reagent, esterification of different carboxylic acids with alcohols was performed under microwave irradiation. RESULTS Esterification of benzoic acid with 1-propanol under microwave irradiation gave a high yield of 92% propyl benzoate in 60 minutes only. Isolation of the ester products was relatively simple as both the byproducts polymer-bound triphenylphosphine oxide and hydrazine could be removed by simple filtration. The rates of reactions were found to be directly proportional to the pKa of the benzoic acids. CONCLUSION 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene was introduced as a novel coupling reagent, in conjugation with polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, for esterification reactions under microwave irradiation. The low moisture sensitivity of the reaction system, easy separation of the byproducts, and column chromatographyfree isolation of esters help our methods with application significance, particularly from the 'Sustainable Chemistry' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diparjun Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Rajkumari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
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6
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Wang G, Chen T, Peng T, Zhang S, Wang J, Wen X, Yang X, Wang L. A Strategy To Prepare Peptide Heterodimers in the Solid Phase with an Acid-Labile Linker. Org Lett 2019; 21:7351-7355. [PMID: 31478674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The currently synthetic methods of peptide heterodimer involve tedious synthesis and purification steps. An acid-labile traceless linker was prepared, which is highly compatible with the Fmoc strategy and could be used to prepare peptide heterodimer on resin. The linker could be cleaved concomitantly with peptide cleavage, and two model heterodimers were synthesized. The proposed synthesis procedure is simple, straightforward, and provides great convenience for preparing disulfide-linked peptide heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wen
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Beijing institute of Lifeomics , Beijing 102206 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P.R. China
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7
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Szczypiński FT, Hunter CA. Building blocks for recognition-encoded oligoesters that form H-bonded duplexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2444-2451. [PMID: 30881672 PMCID: PMC6385898 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-short base-pairing scheme hinders intramolecular folding and allows the use of flexible backbones in duplex-forming oligomers.
Competition from intramolecular folding is a major challenge in the design of synthetic oligomers that form intermolecular duplexes in a sequence-selective manner. One strategy is to use very rigid backbones that prevent folding, but this design can prejudice duplex formation if the geometry is not exactly right. The alternative approach found in nucleic acids is to use bases (or recognition units) that have different dimensions. A long-short base-pairing scheme makes folding geometrically difficult and is compatible with the flexible backbones that are required to guarantee duplex formation. A monomer building block equipped with a long hydrogen bond donor (phenol, D) recognition unit and a monomer building block equipped with a short hydrogen bond acceptor (phosphine oxide, A) recognition unit were prepared with differentially protected alcohol and carboxylic acid groups. These compounds were used to synthesise the homo and hetero-sequence 2-mers AA, DD and AD. 19F and 31P NMR experiments were used to characterize the assembly properties of these compounds in toluene solution. AA and DD form a stable doubly-hydrogen-bonded duplex with an effective molarity of 20 mM for formation of the second intramolecular hydrogen bond. AD forms a duplex of similar stability. There is no evidence of intramolecular folding in the monomeric state of this compound, which shows that the long-short base-pairing scheme is effective. The ester coupling chemistry used here is an attractive method for the synthesis of long oligomers, and the properties of the 2-mers indicate that this molecular architecture should give longer mixed sequence oligomers that show high fidelity sequence-selective duplex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip T Szczypiński
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
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8
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Patil Y, Shingare R, Choudhari A, Sarkar D, Madje B. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antituberculosis Screening of Some 4-((3-(Trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a
]pyrazin-7(8H
)-l)methyl)benzenamine Hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patil
- Department of Chemistry; Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya; Aurangabad 431003 Maharashtra India
| | - Ramesh Shingare
- Department of Chemistry; Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya; Aurangabad 431003 Maharashtra India
| | - Amit Choudhari
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Balaji Madje
- Department of Chemistry; Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya; Aurangabad 431003 Maharashtra India
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9
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Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Makarov AA, Andreev EN, Yunusbaeva MM, Dzhemilev UM. The first total synthesis of the marine acetylenic alcohol, lembehyne B - a selective inducer of early apoptosis in leukemia cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:470-476. [PMID: 27929178 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The communication reports a new stereoselective method for the synthesis of a natural acetylenic alcohol, lembehyne B. The key stage of the process uses new cross-cyclomagnesiation reaction of aliphatic and oxygenated 1,2-dienes with Grignard reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cp2TiCl2. A study of the cytotoxic properties of lembehyne B on tumor cell lines using flow cytometry demonstrated that this is a selective inducer of early apoptosis of the Jurkat, HL-60 and K562 cell cultures and hypodiploid (sub-G1) sub-population inducer in cell cycle studies for all cell lines used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation. and Department of Immunology and Human Reproductive Health Bashkir State Medical University, Lenin Street, 3, 450003, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksey A Makarov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Evgeny N Andreev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Milyausha M Yunusbaeva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075, Ufa, Russian Federation.
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10
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Li MM, Xu ZJ, Wu Y, Liu B. Synthesis, Structure and Configuration of Streptanoate. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
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11
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Zhang L, Xing X, Ding J, Zhao X, Qi G. Surfactin variants for intra-intestinal delivery of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:218-228. [PMID: 28302403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin is a Bacillus-produced natural lipopeptide, which can overcome the epithelial cell barriers for orally delivering insulin, but its ability to promote uptake of insulin by the intestine need to be further improved for a higher oral bioavailability. Here, we designed and synthesized several surfactin variants to improve its ability for oral delivery of insulin. Firstly, we replaced Glu with Gln in surfactin for decreasing its negative charges, but found this replacement weakened its ability to orally delivery insulin. We further chemically synthesized surfactin variant by replacing its fatty acid chain (C15) with a shortened one (C14), and found this replacement did not influence its ability to orally deliver insulin. Lastly, we replaced its amino acids (Leu) with more hydrophobic ones (Ile), and found the replacement could significantly improve its ability to deliver insulin, with a maximal blood glucose decrease to 27.33% of the initial level and an insulin bioavailability of 18.25%. We also replaced its amino acids of Leu with Val, and Val with Ile, and found this replacement could also significantly improve its ability to deliver insulin with a maximal blood glucose decrease to 18.36% of the initial level and a high insulin bioavailability of 26.32% in diabetic mice. Further analysis by CD, we found the surfactin variants with more hydrophobic amino acid residuals significantly induced insulin from rigid (α-helix) to flexible structure (β-sheet and random coil), that is favorable for insulin to permeate across the intestine epithelial membrane. Collectively, surfactin variants with more hydrophobicity are very potential for delivery of insulin in the everyday control of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoying Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Biomedical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Prydderch H, Haiβ A, Spulak M, Quilty B, Kümmerer K, Heise A, Gathergood N. Mandelic acid derived ionic liquids: synthesis, toxicity and biodegradability. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel ionic liquids have been synthesised directly from the renewable resource mandelic acid and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Prydderch
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Annette Haiβ
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry
- Leuphana University Lüneburg
- DE-21335 Lüneburg
- Germany
| | - Marcel Spulak
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Brid Quilty
- School of Biotechnology
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry
- Leuphana University Lüneburg
- DE-21335 Lüneburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tallinn University of Technology
- 12618 Tallinn
- Estonia
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14
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Han S, Lee MK, Lim YB. Cell-Penetrating Cross-β Peptide Assemblies with Controlled Biodegradable Properties. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:27-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Han
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Mun-kyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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15
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Clark KM, Tian S, van der Donk WA, Lu Y. Probing the role of the backbone carbonyl interaction with the Cu A center in azurin by replacing the peptide bond with an ester linkage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:224-227. [PMID: 27918029 PMCID: PMC5253137 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of a backbone carbonyl interaction with an engineered CuA center in azurin was investigated by developing a method of synthesis and incorporation of a depsipeptide where one of the amide bonds in azurin is replaced by an ester bond using expressed protein ligation. Studies by electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques indicate that, while the substitution does not significantly alter the geometry of the site, it weakens the axial interaction to the CuA center and strengthens the Cu-Cu bond, as evidenced by the blue shift of the near-IR absorption that has been assigned to the Cu-Cu ψ → ψ* transition. Interestingly, the changes in the electronic structure from the replacement did not result in a change in the reduction potential of the CuA center, suggesting that the diamond core structure of Cu2SCys2 is resistant to variations in axial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Pathak G, Das D, Rokhum SL. A microwave-assisted highly practical chemoselective esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22558f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitousness of esters and amide functionalities makes their coupling reaction one of the most sought-after organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunindra Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Diparjun Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
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17
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Pathak G, Rokhum SL. Selective Monoesterification of Symmetrical Diols Using Resin-Bound Triphenylphosphine. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:483-7. [PMID: 26226065 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Coupling reactions to make esters and amides are among the most widely used organic transformations. We report efficient procedures for amide bond formation and for the monoesterification of symmetrical diols in excellent yields without any requirement for high dilution or slow addition using resin-bound triarylphosphonium iodide. Easy purification, low moisture sensitivity, and good to excellent yields of the products are the major advantages of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunindra Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar , Silchar, Assam 788010, India
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18
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Yevglevskis M, Bowskill CR, Chan CCY, Heng JHJ, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A study on the chiral inversion of mandelic acid in humans. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6737-44. [PMID: 25050409 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid is a chiral metabolite of the industrial pollutant styrene and is used in chemical skin peels, as a urinary antiseptic and as a component of other medicines. In humans, S-mandelic acid undergoes rapid chiral inversion to R-mandelic acid by an undefined pathway but it has been proposed to proceed via the acyl-CoA esters, S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, in an analogous pathway to that for Ibuprofen. This study investigates chiral inversion of mandelic acid using purified human recombinant enzymes known to be involved in the Ibuprofen chiral inversion pathway. Both S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA were hydrolysed to mandelic acid by human acyl-CoA thioesterase-1 and -2 (ACOT1 and ACOT2), consistent with a possible role in the chiral inversion pathway. However, human α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR; P504S) was not able to catalyse exchange of the α-proton of S- and R-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA, a requirement for chiral inversion. Both S- and R-2-phenylpropanoyl-CoA were epimerised by AMACR, showing that it is the presence of the hydroxy group that prevents epimerisation of R- and S-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoAs. The results show that it is unlikely that 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the chiral inversion of mandelic acid, and that the chiral inversion of mandelic acid is via a different pathway to that of Ibuprofen and related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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19
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Tsakos M, Schaffert ES, Clement LL, Villadsen NL, Poulsen TB. Ester coupling reactions – an enduring challenge in the chemical synthesis of bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:605-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we investigate the use of complex ester fragment couplings within natural product total syntheses. Using examples from the literature up to 2014 we illustrate the state-of-the-art as well as the challenges within this area of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Tsakos
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Eva S. Schaffert
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lise L. Clement
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Nikolaj L. Villadsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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20
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Avan I, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Peptidomimetics via modifications of amino acids and peptide bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3575-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Albertsen L, Andersen JJ, Paulsson JF, Thomsen JK, Norrild JC, Strømgaard K. Design and Synthesis of Peptide YY Analogues with C-terminal Backbone Amide-to-Ester Modifications. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1228-32. [PMID: 24900634 DOI: 10.1021/ml400335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY) is a gut hormone that activates the G protein-coupled neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors, and because of its appetite reducing actions, it is evaluated as an antiobesity drug candidate. The C-terminal tail of PYY is crucial for activation of the NPY receptors. Here, we describe the design and preparation of a series of PYY(3-36) depsipeptide analogues, in which backbone amide-to-ester modifications were systematically introduced in the C-terminal. Functional NPY receptor assays and circular dichroism revealed that the ψ(CONH) bonds at positions 30-31 and 33-34 are particularly important for receptor interaction and that the latter is implicated in Y2 receptor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Albertsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie J. Andersen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Matković M, Vukelić S, Cirimotić R, Kragol G, Molčanov K, Mlinarić-Majerski K. Synthesis of novel adamantyl and homoadamantyl-substituted β-hydroxybutyric acids. Mol Divers 2013; 17:817-26. [PMID: 24043584 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several new adamantyl and homoadamantyl-substituted [Formula: see text]-hydroxybutyric acids, 2-[2-(1-adamantyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxybutyric acid (2), 2-(3-homoadamantyl)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (3), and 2-(1-homoadamantyl)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (4), analogues of the 2-(1-adamantyl)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (1), have been prepared as mixtures of diastereoisomers using selective reduction of corresponding [Formula: see text]-keto esters or aldol condensation of the corresponding carboxylic acid and acetaldehyde. The rearrangement of adamantylmethyl and 3-homoadamantyl groups provided entry to both 3-homoadamantyl and 1-homoadamantyl-substituted hydroxy acids 3 and 4, respectively. The relative configurations of diastereoisomers 3 and 4 have been determined by NMR spectroscopy comparing the values of coupling constants. Adamantyl-substituted [Formula: see text]-hydroxybutyric acid 2 has also been prepared in enantiomerically pure form by Evan's asymmetric synthesis and the absolute configuration has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Contrary to the long-chain acid 2, the attempt to prepare short-chain hydroxy acids 1 and 4 by the same method failed indicating pronounced sensitivity of the used method to the vicinity of the bulky cage group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Matković
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 , Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Biswas S, Avan I, Basak AK, Abo-Dya NE, Asiri A, Katritzky AR. Photophysics of novel coumarin-labeled depsipeptides in solution: sensing interactions with SDS micelle via TICT model. Amino Acids 2013; 45:159-70. [PMID: 23553487 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-Acylbenzotriazoles enable the synthesis (69-92% yield) of blue to green fluorescent coumarin-labeled depsidipeptides 8a-f (quantum yields 0.004-0.97) and depsitripeptides 12a-d (quantum yields 0.02-0.96). Detailed photophysical studies of fluorescent coumarin-labeled depsipeptides 8a-f and 12a-d are reported for both polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. 7-Methoxy and 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-ylcarbonyl depsipeptides 8c,f and 12d are highly solvent sensitive. These highly fluorescent compounds could be useful for peptide assays. Further photophysical studies of 7-diethylaminocoumarin-labeled depsipeptides 8c,12d within the micellar microenvironment of SDS reflect their ability to bind with the biological membrane, suggesting potential applications in the fields of bio- and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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24
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Abbour S, Baudy-Floc’h M. Fmoc-aza-β3-Lys-OAllyl and Fmoc-aza-β3-Asp-OAllyl for on-resin head-to-tail cyclization of aza-β3-peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Nguyen MM, Ong N, Suggs L. A general solid phase method for the synthesis of depsipeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1167-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26893k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lüttenberg S, Sondermann F, Scherkenbeck J. Anthelmintic PF1022A: stepwise solid-phase synthesis of a cyclodepsipeptide containing N-methyl amino acids. Tetrahedron 2012; 68:2068-2073. [PMID: 32287426 PMCID: PMC7111844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodepsipeptides of the enniation-, PF1022-, and verticilide-family represent a diverse class of highly interesting natural products with respect to their manifold biological activities. However, until now no stepwise solid-phase synthesis has been accomplished due to the difficult combination of N-methyl amino acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids. We report here the first stepwise solid-phase synthesis of the anthelmintic cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A based on an Fmoc/THP-ether protecting group strategy on Wang-resin. The standard conditions of our synthesis allow an unproblematic adaption to an automated peptide synthesizer.
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Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- BOPCl, N,N′-bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride
- Boc, tert-butyloxycarbonyl
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DEAD, diethylazodicarboxylate
- DHP, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrane
- DIC, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide
- DIEA, diisopropylethylamine
- DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- EDCI, 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide
- Fmoc, 9-Fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl
- HATU, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-O-(7-azabenzo-triazol-1-yl)uroniumhexa-fluorophosphate
- HOAt, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
- HOBt, 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole
- MeOH, methanol
- TEA, triethylamine
- TFA, trifluoro acetic acid
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- THP, tetrahydropyranyl
- TPP, triphenylphosphane
- p-TsOH, para-toluenesulfonic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lüttenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachgruppe Chemie, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Sondermann
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachgruppe Chemie, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherkenbeck
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachgruppe Chemie, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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27
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Scherkenbeck J, Lüttenberg S, Ludwig M, Brücher K, Kotthaus A. Segment Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of the Anthelmintic Cyclooctadepsipeptides PF1022A and Emodepside. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Kim SH, Sim YK, Kim BT, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Park S, Lee H. Solid-phase synthesis of enantio-controlled lactic acid oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Avan I, Tala SR, Steel PJ, Katritzky AR. Benzotriazole-Mediated Syntheses of Depsipeptides and Oligoesters. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4884-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Avan
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Srinivasa R. Tala
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Peter J. Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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30
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Sun YS, Ding K, Tian WS. Total syntheses of (Sp)-(+)- and (Rp)-(−)-spiniferin-1, a pair of unusual natural products with planar chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10437-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ganguly B, Kesharwani MK, Matković M, Basarić N, Singh A, Mlinarić-Majerski K. Hydrolysis and retro-aldol cleavage of ethyl threo-2-(1-adamantyl)-3-hydroxybutyrate: competing reactions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Cupido T, Spengler J, Ruiz-Rodriguez J, Adan J, Mitjans F, Piulats J, Albericio F. Amide-to-ester substitution allows fine-tuning of the cyclopeptide conformational ensemble. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2732-7. [PMID: 20213784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cupido
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Science Park (PCB) and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, PCB Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Siodłak D, Janicki A. Conformational properties of the residues connected by ester and methylated amide bonds: theoretical and solid state conformational studies. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:126-35. [PMID: 20112354 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptides produced by bacteria and fungi often contain an ester bond in the main chain. Some of them have both an ester and methylated amide bond at the same residue. A broad spectrum of biological activities makes these depsipeptides potential drug precursors. To investigate the conformational properties of such modified residues, a systematic theoretical analysis was performed on N-acetyl-L-alanine N'-methylamide (Ac-Ala-NHMe) and the analogues with the ester bond on the C-terminus (Ac-Ala-OMe), N-terminus (Ac-[psi](COO)-Ala-NHMe) as well as the analogues methylated on the N-terminus (Ac-(Me)Ala-OMe) and C-terminus (Ac-[psi](COO)-Ala-NMe(2)). The phi, psi potential energy surfaces and the conformers localised were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory both in vacuo and with inclusion of the solvent (chloroform, water) effect (SCRF method). The solid state conformations of the studied residues drawn from The Cambridge Structural Database have been also analysed. The residues with a C-terminal ester bond prefer the conformations beta, C5, and alpha(R), whereas those with N-terminal ester bond prefer the conformations beta, alpha(R), and the unique conformation alpha' (phi, psi = -146 degrees , -12 degrees ). The residues with N-terminal methylated amide and a C-terminal ester bond prefer the conformations beta, beta2, and interestingly, the conformation alpha(L). The residues with a C-terminal methylated amide and an N-terminal ester bond adopt primarily the conformation beta. The description of the selective structural modifications, such as those above, is a step towards understanding the structure-activity relationship of the depsipeptides, limited by the structural complexity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Siodłak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
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34
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Cupido T, Spengler J, Ruiz-Rodriguez J, Adan J, Mitjans F, Piulats J, Albericio F. Amide-to-Ester Substitution Allows Fine-Tuning of the Cyclopeptide Conformational Ensemble. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Franz N, Menin L, Klok HA. A Post-Modification Strategy for the Synthesis of Uniform, Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Patterned α-Hydroxy Acid Oligomers. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Gulevich AV, Shpilevaya IV, Nenajdenko VG. The Passerini Reaction with CF3-Carbonyl Compounds - Multicomponent Approach to Trifluoromethyl Depsipeptides. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptides, peptides that contain one or more ester bonds in addition to the amide bonds, have emerged as an important source of pharmacologically active compounds or promising lead structures for the development of novel synthetically derived drugs. This class of natural products has been found in many organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, and marine organisms. It is very well known that cyclic depsipeptides and their derivatives exhibit a diverse spectrum of biological activities, including insecticidal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, tumor-promotive, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive actions. However, they have shown the greatest therapeutic potential as anticancer and particularly antimicrobial agents. Difficulties associated with isolation and purification of larger quantities of this class of natural products and, particularly, unlimited access to their synthetic analogs significantly hampered cyclic depsipeptides exploitation as lead compounds for development of new drugs. As an alternative, total solution or solid-phase peptide synthesis of these important natural products and combinatorial chemistry approaches can be employed to elucidate structure-activity relationships and to find new potent compounds of this class. In this chapter, methods for formation of depsipeptide ester bonds, hydroxyl group protection, and solid-phase reaction monitoring are described.
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38
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Garcia-Martin F, Cruz LJ, Rodriguez-Mias RA, Giralt E, Albericio F. Design and Synthesis of FAJANU: a de Novo C2 Symmetric Cyclopeptide Family. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3194-202. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Garcia-Martin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard A. Rodriguez-Mias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Farrera-Sinfreu J, Español Y, Geslain R, Guitart T, Albericio F, Ribas de Pouplana L, Royo M. Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of a Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase (LysRS) Inhibitory Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:391-400. [DOI: 10.1021/cc700157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Farrera-Sinfreu
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Español
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renaud Geslain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanit Guitart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010-Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Abstract
Peptidomimetic modifications or cyclization of linear peptides are frequently used as attractive methods to provide more conformationally constrained and thus more stable and bioactive peptides. Among numerous peptidomimetic approaches described recently in the literature, particularly attractive are pseudopeptides or peptide bond surrogates in which peptide bonds have been replaced with other chemical groups. In these peptidomimetics the amide bond surrogates possess three-dimensional structures similar to those of natural peptides, yet with significant differences in polarity, hydrogen bonding capability, and acid-base character. The introduction of such modifications to the peptide sequence is expected to completely prevent protease cleavage of amide bond and significantly improve peptides' metabolic stability. In this chapter we consider Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptide analogs containing the amide surrogate that tend to be isosteric with the natural amide. This includes synthesis of peptidosulfonamides, phosphonopeptides, oligoureas, depsides, depsipeptides, and peptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida, Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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41
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Design of a depside with a lipophilic adamantane moiety: Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular conformation. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Kobayashi S, Kobayashi J, Yazaki R, Ueno M. Toward the Total Synthesis of Onchidin, a Cytotoxic Cyclic Depsipeptide from a Mollusc. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:135-44. [PMID: 17441146 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of onchidin (1), a cytotoxic, C2-symmetric cyclic decadepsipeptide from a marine mollusc, according to the published structure, is described. A novel beta-amino acid, (2S,3S)-3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoic acid (AMO), was efficiently prepared in high yield with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity based on a catalytic asymmetric three-component Mannich-type reaction with a chiral zirconium catalyst. The formation of sterically unfavorable N-methyl amide and hindered ester bonds were successfully demonstrated, and final macrocyclization was achieved at a secondary-amide site. Completion of the synthesis of 1 suggested that a revision of the structure of the natural product is required. Two diastereomers were also synthesized as candidates for the actual structure of onchidin. Furthermore, efficient solid-phase methods were employed for the combinatorial synthesis of other derivatives to clarify the real structure of onchidin. The solid-phase assembly of a pentadepsipeptide containing all the building blocks was established followed by dimeric cyclization in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shū Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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43
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Spengler J, Koksch B, Albericio F. Simple machine-assisted protocol for solid-phase synthesis of depsipeptides. Biopolymers 2007; 88:823-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Stawikowski M, Cudic P. A novel strategy for the solid-phase synthesis of cyclic lipodepsipeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2006; 47:8587-8590. [PMID: 17440603 PMCID: PMC1852459 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of cyclic lipodepsipeptide analogue 1 to antibiotic fusaricidin A is described. Our synthetic approach includes resin attachment of the first amino acid via side chain, successful use of combination of four quasi-orthogonal removable protecting groups, stepwise solid-phase synthesis of linear peptide analogue, lipid tail attachment followed by depsipeptide bond formation and on-resin head-to-tail cyclization. Undesired O→N acyl shift, which may occur during Fmoc removal, was successfully avoided by the incorporation of the lipid tail into the linear peptide precursor prior to on-resin depsipeptide bond formation and the ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Stawikowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Predrag Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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45
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Abstract
A simple synthesis of oligoesters from TBDMS-protected-beta- and THP-protected-omega-hydroxycarboxylic acids using a solid-phase synthesis protocol is reported. Procedures were optimized for the efficient production of ion channel candidates in high purity with minimal purification. The product oligoesters were evaluated for ion transport activity using a fluorescent dye/vesicle assay. Oligoesters produced by this strategy show structure-dependent activity; the most active compounds are closely comparable to previously known oligoesters, but are available at a fraction of the synthetic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 3P6.
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46
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Spengler J, Ruíz-Rodríguez J, Burger K, Albericio F. Homologation of α-hydroxy acids to α-unsubstituted β-hydroxy carboxamides via Arndt–Eistert reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Elgersma RC, Meijneke T, Posthuma G, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ. Self-Assembly of Amylin(20–29) Amide-Bond Derivatives into Helical Ribbons and Peptide Nanotubes rather than Fibrils. Chemistry 2006; 12:3714-25. [PMID: 16528792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled aggregation of proteins or polypeptides can be detrimental for normal cellular processes in healthy organisms. Proteins or polypeptides that form these amyloid deposits differ in their primary sequence but share a common structural motif: the (anti)parallel beta sheet. A well-accepted approach for interfering with beta-sheet formation is the design of soluble beta-sheet peptides to disrupt the hydrogen-bonding network; this ultimately leads to the disassembly of the aggregates or fibrils. Here, we describe the synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and aggregation behavior, imaged by electron microscopy, of several backbone-modified amylin(20-29) derivatives. It was found that these amylin derivatives were not able to form fibrils and to some extent were able to inhibit fibril growth of native amylin(20-29). However, two of the amylin peptides were able to form large supramolecular assemblies, like helical ribbons and peptide nanotubes, in which beta-sheet formation was clearly absent. This was quite unexpected since these peptides have been designed as soluble beta-sheet breakers for disrupting the characteristic hydrogen-bonding network of (anti)parallel beta sheets. The increased hydrophobicity and the presence of essential amino acid side chains in the newly designed amylin(20-29) derivatives were found to be the driving force for self-assembly into helical ribbons and peptide nanotubes. This example of controlled and desired peptide aggregation may be a strong impetus for research on bionanomaterials in which special shapes and assemblies are the focus of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Elgersma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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48
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Enantioselective synthesis of either enantiomer of α-alkyl-α-hydroxy-α-phenylacetic acids using chiral auxiliaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Albericio F, Burger K, Ruíz-Rodríguez J, Spengler J. A New Strategy for Solid-Phase Depsipeptide Synthesis Using Recoverable Building Blocks. Org Lett 2005; 7:597-600. [PMID: 15704903 DOI: 10.1021/ol047653v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The technique of choice for synthesis of small-scale depsipeptides is on a solid support. However, if expensive monomers have to be incorporated, solid-phase synthesis can quickly turn out to be unattractive because of its low atom economy. Herein, we describe a new type of recoverable and reuseable alpha-hydroxy acid building block for solid-phase synthesis and its application in the synthesis of a number of small cyclic depsipeptides. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Albericio
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Vergnon AL, Pottorf RS, Player MR. Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Hydroxyproline Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 6:91-8. [PMID: 14714991 DOI: 10.1021/cc0300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of N-alkylated O-arylated hydroxyproline derivatives has been achieved on solid phase. The choice of O-protection and the optimization of the Mitsunobu reaction involving a secondary alcohol were key to the success of this synthesis. First, acylation of resin-bound amines with N-Fmoc-O-THP-hydroxyproline was accomplished readily. Subsequent deprotection of the Fmoc and reductive amination with different aldehydes resulted in the tertiary amine intermediate. The deprotection of the THP group by p-toluenesulfonic acid was followed by a Mitsunobu reaction with a series of phenols. Finally, the products were cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid to produce a 10 200 member library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Vergnon
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
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