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Mekheimer RA, Abd-Elmonem M, Abou Elsebaa M, Nazmy MH, Sadek KU. Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both cinnolines and phthalazines are heterocyclic compounds which have a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological profiles. This work represents the recent advances in the green synthesis of cinnolines and phthalazines as 1,2 and 2,3-diazanaphalenes were cited. The docking studies and mode of action for key scaffolds were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abou Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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2
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de Lucio H, García-Marín J, Sánchez-Alonso P, García-Soriano JC, Toro MÁ, Vaquero JJ, Gago F, Alajarín R, Jiménez-Ruiz A. Pyridazino-pyrrolo-quinoxalinium salts as highly potent and selective leishmanicidal agents targeting trypanothione reductase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113915. [PMID: 34695777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen pyridazino-pyrrolo-quinoxalinium salts were synthesized and tested for their antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania infantum amastigotes. Eleven of them turned out to be leishmanicidal, with EC50 values in the nanomolar range, and displayed low toxicity against the human THP-1 cell line. Selectivity indices for these compounds range from 10 to more than 1000. Compounds 3b and 3f behave as potent inhibitors of the oxidoreductase activity of the essential enzyme trypanothione disulfide reductase (TryR). Interestingly, binding of 3f is not affected by high trypanothione concentrations, as revealed by the noncompetitive pattern of inhibition observed when tested in the presence of increasing concentrations of this substrate. Furthermore, when analyzed at varying NADPH concentrations, the characteristic pattern of hyperbolic uncompetitive inhibition supports the view that binding of NADPH to TryR is a prerequisite for inhibitor-protein association. Similar to other TryR uncompetitive inhibitors for NADPH, 3f is responsible for TryR-dependent reduction of cytochrome c in a reaction that is typically inhibited by superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor de Lucio
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Marín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra, Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, 28034, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Toro
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra, Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, 28034, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Gago
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) Ctra, Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, 28034, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Yip WM, Yu Q, Tantipanjaporn A, Chan WC, Deng JR, Ko BCB, Wong MK. Synthesis of new quinolizinium-based fluorescent compounds and studies on their applications in photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8507-8515. [PMID: 34542126 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00716e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinoliziniums, cationic aromatic heterocycles bearing a quaternary bridgehead nitrogen, have been widely used as fluorescent dyes, DNA intercalators, ionic liquids etc. A library of new quinolizinium compounds was synthesized from quinolines and internal alkyne substrates in up to 65% isolated yields. Systematic studies of their photophysical properties were conducted. The quinoliziniums have been used in three visible-light-induced photocatalysis reactions with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Yip
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
| | - Qiong Yu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ajcharapan Tantipanjaporn
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
| | - Wing-Cheung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
| | - Ben Chi-Bun Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Hong Kong.
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Sharma V, Gupta M, Kumar P, Sharma A. A Comprehensive Review on Fused Heterocyclic as DNA Intercalators: Promising Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:15-42. [PMID: 33213325 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of DNA intercalating agents (by Lerman, 1961), a growing number of organic, inorganic, and metallic compounds have been developed to treat life-threatening microbial infections and cancers. Fused-heterocycles are amongst the most important group of compounds that have the ability to interact with DNA. DNA intercalators possess a planar aromatic ring structure that inserts itself between the base pairs of nucleic acids. Once inserted, the aromatic structure makes van der Waals interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the base pairs. The DNA intercalator may also contain an ionizable group that can form ionic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. After the intercalation, other cellular processes could take place, leading ultimately to cell death. The heterocyclic nucleus present in the DNA intercalators can be considered as a pharmacophore that plays an instrumental role in dictating the affinity and selectivity exhibited by these compounds. In this work, we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation and cleaving and exert their antitumor activity. A general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying particular attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials, is provided. Advancement in spectroscopic techniques studying DNA interaction can be examined in-depth, yielding important information on structure-activity relationships. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the introduction to fused heterocyclic agents with DNA interacting features, from medicinal point of view. The structure-activity relationships points, cytotoxicity data, and binding data and future perspectives of medicinal compounds have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201308, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Atul Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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5
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Sadek KU, Mekheimer RA, Abd-Elmonem M. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Cinnoline Derivatives. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180712124148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crinnolines can serve as unique and versatile class of heterocycles especially in fields related
to synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry owing to their potent biological activities. They possess diversity
of pharmaceutical activities as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic as well
as anti-hypertensive activities. Since the first synthesis of cinnoline by Richter (1883) numerous protocols
for their synthesis have been developed utilizing arenediazonium salts, aryl hydrazines and arylhydhydrazones
precursors. Recently metal catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation reactions have
emerged as efficient tools for synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. This review aims to focus on the recent
synthetic routes used for the synthesis of cinnoline derivatives. An effort has been carried out to provide
an overview of practical methods for preparing cinnolines. Furthermore the reaction mechanisms have
been described in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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6
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Dandia A, Arya K, Dhaka N. Multistep Microwave Assisted Solvent Free Green Chemical Synthesis of 2,7-Dihydro-3H-Pyridazino[3′,4′:4,5]Indolo[3,2-c]Quinoline-3,13(12H)-Dione. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406776330666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of biologically active compound 2,7-dihydro-3 H-pyridazino[3′,4′:4,5]indolo[3,2- c]quinoline-3,13(12 H)-dione (10a–b)has been achieved efficiently and quickly under solvent free conditions in an open vessel microwave system. The multi step one pot synthesis involved the reaction of 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-6 H-indolo[3,2- c]quinoline-6,7(5 H)-dione (6a–d) and glyoxylic acid monohydrate followed by cyclocondensation with hydrazine hydrate under microwave irradiation. The synthesis of 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-6 H-indolo[3,2- c]quinoline-6,7(5 H)-dione(6a–d) has also been described from the reaction of (2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)hydrazine with 1,3-cyclohexanedione in the absence of any solvent/catalyst/strong acid or solid support using microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302 004, India
| | - Kapil Arya
- Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302 004, India
| | - Nidhi Dhaka
- Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302 004, India
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7
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Tan Q, Xu B. CH Bond Activation as a Powerful Tool in the Construction of Biologically Active Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63749-9.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Suárez RM, Bosch P, Sucunza D, Cuadro AM, Domingo A, Mendicuti F, Vaquero JJ. Targeting DNA with small molecules: a comparative study of a library of azonia aromatic chromophores. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:527-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence, DNA binding and DNA sequence selectivity properties of a library of azonia aromatic cations have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Suárez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Pedro Bosch
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Ana M. Cuadro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Alberto Domingo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Departamento de Química Analítica
- Química Física e Ingeniería Química
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Madrid
- Spain
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9
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Etienne T, Very T, Perpète EA, Monari A, Assfeld X. A QM/MM Study of the Absorption Spectrum of Harmane in Water Solution and Interacting with DNA: The Crucial Role of Dynamic Effects. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4973-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4017882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Etienne
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- Unité de Chimie Théorique
et Structurale, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Very
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Unité de Chimie Théorique
et Structurale, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
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10
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Zhao D, Wu Q, Huang X, Song F, Lv T, You J. A general method to diverse cinnolines and cinnolinium salts. Chemistry 2013; 19:6239-44. [PMID: 23553746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium catalysis: A highly efficient and general method has been established to prepare cinnolines, cinnolinium salts, and polycyclic cinnolinium salts through the rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation/cyclization of azo compounds with alkynes (see scheme). Key features of this methodology include the unprecedented capacity to create both cinnoline and cinnolinium frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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11
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Bisindoles. 41*. a straightforward approach towards the synthesis of new bis-pyridazinoindoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Dimerization of 2-pyridylisonitriles produces π-extended fused heteroarenes useful as highly selective colorimetric and optical probes for copper ion. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Valenciano J, Sánchez-Pavón E, Cuadro AM, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. New Fused Triazinium Systems from (Alkoxycarbonyl)aziniumN-Aminides. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Ihmels H, Faulhaber K, Sturm C, Bringmann G, Messer K, Gabellini N, Vedaldi D, Viola G. Acridizinium Salts as a Novel Class of DNA-binding and Site-selective DNA-photodamaging Chromophores¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740505asaanc2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Although cinnoline belongs to a family of fairly well known heterocycles, the interest in the study of its derivatives continues. Cinnoline compounds demonstrate interesting bioactivity and many research papers have discussed the biological property, structure-activity relationship, and applications in medicinal science. Attention has been paid to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds bearing a cinnoline moiety, mainly because of the interest in their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. This chronological work summarizes almost all synthetic papers and patents concerning the biological properties of 107 cinnoline derivatives published over the last 50 years with 117 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslawa Lewgowd
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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García-Cuadrado D, Cuadro AM, Barchín BM, Nuñez A, Cañeque T, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. Palladium-Mediated Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Cations: Comparative Study on Quinolizinium Cations. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7989-95. [PMID: 17025285 DOI: 10.1021/jo060634+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction on heteroaromatic cations is described. A comparative study of the Stille and Suzuki reactions shows that only the Stille reaction is able to produce an efficient C-C bond formation between any of the four isomeric bromoquinolizinium bromides and a variety of stannanes. In the presence of the catalysts Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd2(dba)3P(o-Tol)3, vinyl, ethynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are successfully incorporated into the quinolizinium system in satisfactory yields under mild reaction conditions. This procedure represents a marked improvement on the functionalization of this class of heteroaromatic cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo García-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Organica, Universidad de Alcala, 28871-Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Vera-Luque P, Alajarín R, Alvarez-Builla J, Vaquero JJ. An Improved Synthesis of α-Carbolines under Microwave Irradiation. Org Lett 2006; 8:415-8. [PMID: 16435848 DOI: 10.1021/ol052552y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Alpha-carbolines are interesting core structures for designing DNA-interacting small molecules. However, these compounds are not commercially available and their synthetic methods are low yielding or time consuming. The shortest synthetic route, the modified Graebe-Ullmann reaction, has been optimized by using microwave heating in four different types of apparatus to give shorter reaction times and enhanced yields. Optimized conditions enabled the preparation of a small library of alpha-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vera-Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ihmels H, Faulhaber K, Vedaldi D, Dall'Acqua F, Viola G. Intercalation of Organic Dye Molecules into Double-stranded DNA. Part 2: The Annelated Quinolizinium Ion as a Structural Motif in DNA Intercalators†. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:1107-15. [PMID: 15934789 DOI: 10.1562/2005-01-25-ir-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA intercalators represent an important class of compounds with a high potential as DNA-targeting drugs. In this review it is demonstrated that annelated quinolizinium derivatives such as coralyne and derivatives thereof intercalate into DNA and that this structural motif allows several variations of the substitution pattern without loss of intercalating properties. The commonly applied methods for the evaluation of the DNA association, mainly spectroscopic studies, are pointed out. In addition, studies on the biological activities of annelated quinolizinium derivatives, such as topoisomerase poisoning or cell toxicity, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Ihmels
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
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19
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Delgado F, Linares ML, Alajarín R, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J. Westphal reaction in solid-phase. Org Lett 2004; 5:4057-60. [PMID: 14572248 DOI: 10.1021/ol035417z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A library of cycloimonium salts has been prepared through Westphal reaction in solid-phase. By reaction of solid-support-bound azolium or azinium acetates 2, 1,2-diketones 4, and base, cycloimonium salts 5 were synthesized in good to high yield and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Delgado
- Departamento. de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Viola G, Bressanini M, Gabellini N, Vedaldi D, Dall'Acqua F, Ihmels H. Naphthoquinolizinium derivatives as a novel platform for DNA-binding and DNA-photodamaging chromophores. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:882-9. [PMID: 12659528 DOI: 10.1039/b204275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The association of the naphtho[1,2-b]quinolizinium bromide (5a) and naphtho[2,1-b]quinolizinium bromide (5b) with DNA and the propensity of these cationic arenes to damage DNA after UV-A irradiation have been studied. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric titrations show that the two isomers 5a and 5b bind to DNA (K approximately 10(5) M(-1)). The highest affinity was observed for GC base pairs. The mode of binding was investigated by CD and LD spectroscopy. Whereas quinolizinium 5a exclusively intercalates in DNA, the isomer 5b exhibits a deviation from perfect intercalation into the double helix. Moreover, efficient DNA damage was observed on UV-A irradiation in the presence of the quinolizinium salts. Primer extension analysis indicates that the photocleavage takes place preferentially at guanine-rich regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampietro Viola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via Marzolo 5, University of Padova, Italy.
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Fontana A, Benito EJ, Martín MJ, Sánchez N, Alajarín R, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Lambel-Giraudet S, Leonce S, Pierré A, Caignard D. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-5-inium derivatives as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2611-4. [PMID: 12182872 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several new pyridazino[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-5-inium derivatives were synthesised from beta-carboline derivatives and their cytotoxic activity and effect on the cell cycle were evaluated against L1210 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fontana
- Departamento de Qui;mica Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Ihmels H, Faulhaber K, Sturm C, Bringmann G, Messer K, Gabellini N, Vedaldi D, Viola G. Acridizinium salts as a novel class of DNA-binding and site-selective DNA-photodamaging chromophores. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:505-11. [PMID: 11683029 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0505:asaanc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that the interaction of the aminoacridizinium salts 2a-2d with DNA depends on the substitution pattern of the chromophore. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric titrations of the acridizinium salts 2a-2d with natural and synthetic polynucleotides reveal that the degree of interaction of the acridizinium salts 2a-2d with the nucleic acid differs significantly. The binding mode of the dyes with DNA was evaluated by circular dichroism and linear dichroism spectroscopy and compared with the parent system 2c. Whereas the 9-aminoacridizinium (2a) mainly intercalates into DNA, the salts 2b-c show a higher degree of association to the DNA backbone. The intercalated aminoacridizinium 2a caused few strand breaks upon UVA exposure, whereas the salts 2b-2d exhibit relatively efficient DNA-damaging properties. All acridizinium salts showed a sequence-selective strand cleavage for guanine-rich DNA regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ihmels
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Ihmels H, Faulhaber K, Wissel K, Bringmann G, Messer K, Viola G, Vedaldi D. Synthesis and Investigation of the DNA-Binding and DNA-Photodamaging Properties of Indolo[2,3-b]quinolizinium Bromide. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200103)2001:6<1157::aid-ejoc1157>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Siró J, Ramos A, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Garcı́a-Navı́o JL. Optimized Synthesis of Di, Tri and Tetrafused Pyridazinium Cations. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Barchín BM, Valenciano J, Cuadro AM, Julio Alvarez-Builla, and, Vaquero JJ. Use of the Stille Coupling Reaction on Heteroaromatic Cations: Synthesis of Substituted Quinolizinium Salts. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol990626y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Barchín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Valenciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Cuadro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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