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Li Z, Cai B, Yang W, Chen CL. Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14031-14087. [PMID: 34342989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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3
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Lawrence J, Goto E, Ren JM, McDearmon B, Kim DS, Ochiai Y, Clark PG, Laitar D, Higashihara T, Hawker CJ. A Versatile and Efficient Strategy to Discrete Conjugated Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13735-13739. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Lawrence
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Eisuke Goto
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Organic Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Jing M. Ren
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brenden McDearmon
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dong Sub Kim
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuto Ochiai
- Department
of Organic Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Paul G. Clark
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - David Laitar
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department
of Organic Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Solleder SC, Schneider RV, Wetzel KS, Boukis AC, Meier MAR. Recent Progress in the Design of Monodisperse, Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Solleder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Rebekka V. Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Katharina S. Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Andreas C. Boukis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesysteme (MZE); Geb. 30.48, Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Ponce J, Aragó J, Vayá I, Magenti JG, Tatay S, Ortí E, Coronado E. Photophysical Properties of Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Iridium(III) Complexes Functionalized with Metal-Anchoring Groups. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Aratani N, Osuka A. Exploration of Giant Functional Porphyrin Arrays. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Aratani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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7
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Ponce J, Arroyo CR, Tatay S, Frisenda R, Gaviña P, Aravena D, Ruiz E, van der Zant HSJ, Coronado E. Effect of Metal Complexation on the Conductance of Single-Molecular Wires Measured at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8314-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ponce
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos R. Arroyo
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Tatay
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Gaviña
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner
50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal
645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal
645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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8
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Ben-Haida A, Hodge P. Polymer-supported syntheses of thiophene-containing compounds using a new type of traceless linker. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1754-63. [PMID: 22246145 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of traceless linker is described for use in polymer-supported (PS) syntheses of thiophene-containing compounds. It is based on the cleavage of PS aryl 2-thienyl ketones by a mixture of potassium t-butoxide and water (typical mol ratio 10:3) in an ethereal solvent. Cleavage occurs to give the soluble thiophene-containing product. The method is used to prepare a range of eight thiophene-containing compounds including a terthiophene and a dialkylquaterthiophene. PS unsymmetrical diaryl ketones incorporating, for example, ortho-methoxyphenyl or pyrrole moieties could also serve as traceless linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazak Ben-Haida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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9
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Bertin PA, Ahrens MJ, Bhavsar K, Georganopoulou D, Wunder M, Blackburn GF, Meade TJ. Ferrocene and maleimide-functionalized disulfide scaffolds for self-assembled monolayers on gold. Org Lett 2010; 12:3372-5. [PMID: 20617812 DOI: 10.1021/ol101180r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of ferrocene-based electroactive molecules (EAMs) containing maleimide and disulfide groups in different asymmetric and branched architectures were designed and synthesized. Stable monolayers of each EAM on gold electrodes were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. Importantly, these EAMs expand the repertoire of monolayer building blocks amenable to modular biofunctionalization for applications in electrochemical biosensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Bertin
- Ohmx Corporation, 1801 Maple Avenue, Suite 6143, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA.
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Abstract
We are presenting the synthesis of a phenylene ethynylene-based rod containing an Fmoc protected amino group and an activated acid which can be applied to peptide couplings. This linear amino acid analogue is applied to the synthesis of di-, tri- and pentamers. The pentamer has a molecular mass of 6.5 kDa and is characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS. The method has potential for the formation of long macromolecular oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper S Andersen
- Danish National Research Foundation: Centre for DNA Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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11
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Effect of Solution Temperature on the Structure of Thioacetyl-terminated Tolane Self-assembled Monolayers on Au(111). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.6.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Yu X, Wang S, Chen F. Solid-phase synthesis of solanesol. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2008; 10:605-10. [PMID: 18558751 DOI: 10.1021/cc800069t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convergent solid-phase strategy for the total synthesis of All- E solanesol is described. This method features avoidance of iterative and difficult purifications comparing with solution-phase synthesis and is suitable for the preparation of other oligoprenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, No. 220 HanDan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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13
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Khairul WM, Albesa-Jové D, Yufit DS, Al-Haddad MR, Collings JC, Hartl F, Howard JA, Marder TB, Low PJ. The syntheses, structures and redox properties of phosphine-gold(I) and triruthenium-carbonyl cluster derivatives of tolans. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Jeong Y, Chung H, Noh J. Control of two-dimensional structure of tolanethioacetate self-assembled monolayers on Au(1 1 1). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Formation and Annealing Effect of Tolanethioacetate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.12.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Jeong Y, Kwon S, Kang Y, Lee C, Ito E, Hara M, Noh J. Unique domain structure of pi-conjugated tolanethioacetate self-assembled monolayers on Au(111). Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:1000-3. [PMID: 17570593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Surface structures of tolanethioacetate (TTA) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111), formed in a 0.5mM N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, were investigated as a function of solution temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM study revealed that thioacetyl-terminated TTA molecules on Au(111) did not form ordered SAMs at room temperature and 80 degrees C, whereas the adsorption of TTA molecules on Au(111) at a solution temperature of 50 degrees C led to the formation of two mixed phases: a disordered phase and a unique ordered phase, consisting rod-like domains, which can be described as a ( radical6x radical13)15 degrees superstructure. From this study, it was demonstrated that solution temperature is a key factor controlling the two-dimensional SAM structure of TTA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdo Jeong
- Advanced Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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17
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Turner DJ, Anémian R, Mackie PR, Cupertino DC, Yeates SG, Turner ML, Spivey AC. Towards a general solid phase approach for the iterative synthesis of conjugated oligomers using a germanium based linker - first solid phase synthesis of an oligo-(triarylamine). Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1752-63. [PMID: 17520144 DOI: 10.1039/b703022c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a germanium-based linker system for the solid phase synthesis (SPS) of 3-(n-hexyl)thiophene oligomers and the first SPS of triarylamine oligomers via iterative chain extension is described. The efficiency of the key steps in the oligomer syntheses and their compatibility with the germanium linker are demonstrated by the SPS of bi-[3-(n-hexyl)thiophene] 19 and ter-(triarylamine) 50. The use of a germanium-based linker in combination with appropriately selected silicon-based blocking/protecting groups allows double coupling to drive the key cross coupling steps to completion hence minimising deletion sequences and also allows for traceless and potentially functionalisative cleavage from the resin. The latter feature has yet to be fully explored but towards this end the first ipso-borodegermylation reaction of a 2-germyl-3-(n-hexyl)thiophene is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, UK S3 7HF.
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18
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Seyler H, Berger-Nicoletti E, Kilbinger AFM. Rod–coil copolymers from oligo(p-benzamide) foldamers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Elwahy AHM, Hafner K. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oligoazulenes with Mixed Ethynyl and Butadiynyl Bridges. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Li G, Wang X, Li J, Zhao X, Wang F. Synthesis of Monodisperse Oligo[(1,4‐Phenyleneethynylene)‐Alt‐(2,5‐Thiopheneethynylene)]s. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200046517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ji Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fosong Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, China
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Li G, Wang X, Li J, Zhao X, Wang F. Rapid solution and solid phase synthesis of monodisperse oligo[(1,4-phenyleneethynylene)-alt-(2,5-thiopheneethynylene)]s. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Fabian KHH, Elwahy AHM, Hafner K. Ethynylazulenes — Building Blocks for Novel Oligoazulenes with Ethynyl and Butadiynyl Bridges. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Khairul WM, Porrès L, Albesa-Jové D, Senn MS, Jones M, Lydon DP, Howard JAK, Beeby A, Marder TB, Low PJ. Metal Cluster Terminated “Molecular Wires”. J CLUST SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-005-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Anémian R, Cupertino D, Mackie P, Yeates S. Solution phase studies towards the synthesis of triarylamine oligomers using a germanium linker on a solid support. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Aratani N, Takagi A, Yanagawa Y, Matsumoto T, Kawai T, Yoon ZS, Kim D, Osuka A. Giantmeso-meso-Linked Porphyrin Arrays of Micrometer Molecular Length and Their Fabrication. Chemistry 2005; 11:3389-404. [PMID: 15798970 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the Ag(I)-promoted coupling reaction of zinc(II)-5,15-bis(3,5-dioctyloxyphenyl)porphyrin Z1, chain elongation has been attempted by using a stepwise doubling approach, which provides Z2, Z4, Z8, Z16, Z32, Z64, Z128, Z256, Z384, and Z512. The porphyrin arrays up to Z128 are sufficiently soluble in CHCl3 and THF despite their very long molecular lengths and rodlike structures, while the arrays over Z128 show a significant drop in solubility and stability. The discrete porphyrin arrays thus isolated were characterized by means of (1)H NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), cyclic voltammetry (CV), single-crystal X-ray crystallography, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contrary to expected linear conformations of the arrays Z n (where n is the number of porphyrins), the single molecular images of Z128, Z256, and Z512 revealed largely bent structures; this finding indicates the substantial conformational flexibility of Z n. We also exploited an effective synthetic route by means of which Z n can be fabricated with a thiol-protected aryl group to provide Z n S(2) through Z n Br(2), by bromination with N-bromosuccinimide and subsequent Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura arylation. Finally, the reaction of Z256 provided Z512, Z768, and Z1024. Collectively, this work provides an important milestone in the preparation of sub-microscale discrete organic molecules and the fabrication of molecular-based materials, hence significantly contributing to device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Aratani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Schwab PFH, Smith JR, Michl J. Synthesis and Properties of Molecular Rods. 2. Zig-Zag Rods. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1197-279. [PMID: 15826013 DOI: 10.1021/cr040707u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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28
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29
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Syntheses and electronic properties of the nickel and palladium complexes of the octaethylporphyrin(M1)–(dihexylbithiophene) n –octaethylporphyrin(M2) system [OEP(M1)–(DHBTh) n –OEP(M2)] connected with the diacetylene linkage. A methodology for molecular design of the particular electronic structure. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Self-assembled monolayer of the aromatic thioacetate on the gold surface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Ye F, Orita A, Doumoto A, Otera J. Double elimination protocol for access to unsymmetrically substituted aromatic polyynes starting from sulfones and aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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33
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Zhou CZ, Liu T, Xu JM, Chen ZK. Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Monodisperse Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)s. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Mei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
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Schiedel MS, Briehn CA, Bäuerle P. CC Cross-coupling reactions for the combinatorial synthesis of novel organic materials. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Briehn CA, Schiedel MS, Bonsen EM, Schuhmann W, Bäuerle P. Einzelsubstanzbibliotheken organischer Materialien: von der kombinatorischen Synthese konjugierter Oligomere zu Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011217)113:24<4817::aid-ange4817>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Briehn CA, Schiedel MS, Bonsen EM, Schuhmann W, Bäuerle P. Single-Compound Libraries of Organic Materials: From the Combinatorial Synthesis of Conjugated Oligomers to Structure-Property Relationships This work was made possible with funds donated from Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, the BMBF (Kekulé grant to C.A.B) and the DFG (Schu 929/5-1). We thank Prof. V. Austel, the University of Ulm, for valuable discussions and also Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield (USA), for apparatus support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4680-4683. [PMID: 12404383 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011217)40:24<4680::aid-anie4680>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Briehn
- Abteilung Organische Chemie II (Organische Materialien und Kombinatorische Chemie) Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
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Otsubo T, Aso Y, Takimiya K. Synthesis, Optical, and Conductive Properties of Long Oligothiophenes and Their Utilization as Molecular Wires. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sumi N, Nakanishi H, Ueno S, Takimiya K, Aso Y, Otsubo T. Synthesis and Properties of a Series of the Longest Oligothiophenes up to the 48-mer. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Higuchi H, Ishikura T, Mori K, Takayama Y, Yamamoto K, Tani K, Miyabayashi K, Miyake M. Synthesis and Properties of Head-to-head, Head-to-tail, and Tail-to-tail Orientational Isomers of Extended Dihexylbithiophene–Octaethylporphyrin System [OEP–(DHBT)n–OEP] Connected with 1,3-Butadiyne Linkages. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Nowadays it is rare to find an issue of a major chemistry journal without at least one article on solid-phase synthesis. This is hardly surprising: the technique promises an end to arduous work-up procedures and the ability to facilitate the creation of vast libraries of compounds using combinatorial techniques. No longer is the technique only of interest to those involved in peptide synthesis: an enormous variety of product classes have now been prepared on and isolated from the solid phase. It is the "linker" which is the focus of this article. The linker's ultimate function is to release a product from the support into solution: it does this, without exception, with a chemical change to the product at the former linkage site. Some linkers, apparently, are "traceless". But what, in fact, is "tracelessness"? Twenty years ago, in a climate where cleavage of a linker resulted in formation of a polar carboxylic acid as the vestige of the support, the concept was attractive. Today the chemist is faced with a myriad of novel linkers which have the ability to release products bearing most major functionalities at the former linkage site and we will argue here that the term "traceless", although currently in widespread use, is meaningless. Instead, we propose a new categorization of linkers based on the functionality they release upon cleavage, and suggest a nomenclature to underpin this categorization. We anticipate that the article will also serve to highlight areas of linker technology in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. Comely
- Department of Chemistry King's College, London, Strand London, WC2R 2LS (UK)
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Joachim C, Gimzewski JK, Aviram A. Electronics using hybrid-molecular and mono-molecular devices. Nature 2000; 408:541-8. [PMID: 11117734 DOI: 10.1038/35046000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1544] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The semiconductor industry has seen a remarkable miniaturization trend, driven by many scientific and technological innovations. But if this trend is to continue, and provide ever faster and cheaper computers, the size of microelectronic circuit components will soon need to reach the scale of atoms or molecules--a goal that will require conceptually new device structures. The idea that a few molecules, or even a single molecule, could be embedded between electrodes and perform the basic functions of digital electronics--rectification, amplification and storage--was first put forward in the mid-1970s. The concept is now realized for individual components, but the economic fabrication of complete circuits at the molecular level remains challenging because of the difficulty of connecting molecules to one another. A possible solution to this problem is 'mono-molecular' electronics, in which a single molecule will integrate the elementary functions and interconnections required for computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joachim
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France.
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Walters KA, Trouillet L, Guillerez S, Schanze KS. Photophysics and electron transfer in poly(3-octylthiophene) alternating with Ru(II)- and Os(II)-bipyridine complexes. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:5496-509. [PMID: 11154566 DOI: 10.1021/ic000661x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of soluble metal-organic polymers that contain Ru(II)- and Os(II)-polypyridine complexes interspersed within a pi-conjugated poly(3-octylthiophene) backbone are prepared. Detailed electrochemical and photophysical studies are carried out on the polymers and two model complexes to determine the extent that the metal-polypyridine units interact with the pi-conjugated system. The results indicate that there is a strong electronic interaction between the metal-based chromophores and the pi-conjugated organic segments, and consequently the photophysical properties are not simply based on the sum of the properties of the individual components. In the Ru(II) polymers, the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state is slightly higher in energy than the 3 pi,pi* state of the poly(3-octylthiophene) backbone. This state ordering results in a material that displays only a weak MLCT luminescence and a long-lived transient absorption spectrum that is dominated by the 3 pi,pi* state. In the Os(II) polymer the MLCT state is lower in energy than the polythiophene-based 3 pi,pi* state and the "unperturbed" MLCT emission is observed. Finally, all of the metal-organic polymers undergo photoinduced bimolecular electron-transfer (ET) reactions with the oxidative quencher dimethyl viologen. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that photoinduced ET to dimethyl viologen produces the oxidized polymers, and in most cases, the transient spectra are dominated by features characteristic of a poly(3-octylthiophene) polaron.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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Five-Membered Ring Systems: Thiophenes & Se, Te Analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(00)80008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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