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Affiliation(s)
- Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - V Faye McNeill
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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2
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Levanov AV, Isaykina OY, Amirova NK, Antipenko EE, Lunin VV. Photochemical oxidation of chloride ion by ozone in acid aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16554-16569. [PMID: 26077317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The experimental investigation of chloride ion oxidation under the action of ozone and ultraviolet radiation with wavelength 254 nm in the bulk of acid aqueous solution at pH 0-2 has been performed. Processes of chloride oxidation in these conditions are the same as the chemical reactions in the system O3 - OH - Cl(-)(aq). Despite its importance in the environment and for ozone-based water treatment, this reaction system has not been previously investigated in the bulk solution. The end products are chlorate ion ClO3(-) and molecular chlorine Cl2. The ions of trivalent iron have been shown to be catalysts of Cl(-) oxidation. The dependencies of the products formation rates on the concentrations of O3 and H(+) have been studied. The chemical mechanism of Cl(-) oxidation and Cl2 emission and ClO3(-) formation has been proposed. According to the mechanism, the dominant primary process of chloride oxidation represents the complex interaction with hydroxyl radical OH with the formation of Cl2(-) anion-radical intermediate. OH radical is generated on ozone photolysis in aqueous solution. The key subsequent processes are the reactions Cl2(-) + O3 → ClO + O2 + Cl(-) and ClO + H2O2 → HOCl + HO2. Until the present time, they have not been taken into consideration on mechanistic description and modelling of Cl(-) oxidation. The final products are formed via the reactions 2ClO → Cl2O2, Cl2O2 + H2O → 2H(+) + Cl(-) + ClO3(-) and HOCl + H(+) + Cl(-) ⇄ H2O + Cl2. Some portion of chloride is oxidized directly by O3 molecule with the formation of molecular chlorine in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Levanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, building 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oksana Ya Isaykina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nazrin K Amirova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, building 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ewald E Antipenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, building 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerii V Lunin
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, building 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 29, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Ulrich CK, Chen J, Tokel O, Houston PL, Grebenshchikov SY. Photodissociation of ozone from 321 to 329 nm: the relative yields of O(3P2) with O2(X 3Σg(-)), O2(a 1Δg) and O2(b 1Σg(+)). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12011-9. [PMID: 23795961 DOI: 10.1021/jp4041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Product imaging of O((3)P2) following dissociation of ozone has been used to determine the relative yields of the product channels O((3)P2) + O2(X (3)Σg(-)) of ozone. All three channels are prominent at all wavelengths investigated. O2 vibrational distributions for each channel and each wavelength are also estimated assuming Boltzmann rotational distributions. Averaged over wavelength in the measured range, the yields of the O((3)P2) + O2(X (3)Σg(-)), O((3)P2) + O2(a (1)Δg), and O((3)P2) + O2(b (1)Σg(+)) channels are 0.36, 0.31,and 0.34, respectively. Photofragment distributions in the spin-allowed channel O((3)P) + O2(X (3)Σg(-)) are compared with the results of quantum mechanical calculations on the vibronically coupled PESs of the singlet states B (optically bright) and R (repulsive). The experiments suggest that considerably more vibrational excitation and less rotational excitation occur than predicted by the quantum calculations. The rotational distributions, adjusted to fit the experimental images, suggest that the dissociation takes place from a more linear configuration than the Franck-Condon bending angle of 117°. The dissociation at most wavelengths results in a positive value of the anisotropy parameter, β, both in the experiment and in the calculations. Calculations indicate that both nonadiabatic transitions and intersystem crossings substantially reduce β below the nominal value of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ulrich
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Karki IB, Nakarmi JJ, Mandal PK, Chatterjee S. Effect of organic dyes on the performance of ZnO based dye-sensitized solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3103/s0003701x13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Ab initio quantum mechanical study of the O((1)D) formation in the photolysis of ozone between 300 and 330 nm. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9809-19. [PMID: 20509638 DOI: 10.1021/jp1028849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spin-allowed production of O((1)D) in the near-UV photolysis of ozone is studied using ab initio potential energy surfaces and quantum mechanics. The O((1)D) quantum yield, reconstructed from the absolute cross sections for eight initial vibrational states in the ground electronic state, is shown to agree with the measurements in a broad range of photolysis wavelengths and temperatures. Relative contributions of one- and two-quantum stretching and bending initial excitations are quantified, with the contribution of the antisymmetric stretch being dominant for lambda < 330 nm. Large scale structures in the low-resolution quantum yield are shown to reflect excitations in the high-frequency short bond stretch in the upper electronic state. Spin-forbidden contribution to the O((1)D) quantum yield at wavelengths lambda > 320 nm is estimated using ab initio energies of the triplet states and their spin-orbit couplings.
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Percival CJ, Shallcross DE, Canosa-Mas CE, Dyke JM. Recent advances in the application of discharge-flow to the determination of gas-phase rate coefficients at pressures and temperatures of relevance to the Earth's atmosphere. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Baloïtcha E, Balint-Kurti GG. Theory of the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley continuum: Potential energy surfaces, conical intersections, and photodissociation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:014306. [PMID: 16035834 DOI: 10.1063/1.1903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces are presented for the five lowest singlet even symmetry electronic states of ozone. The surfaces are calculated using the complete active space self consistent field method followed by contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations. A slightly reduced augmented correlation consistent valence triple-zeta orbital basis set is used. The ground and excited state energies of the molecule have been computed at 9282 separate nuclear geometries. Cuts through the potential energy surfaces, which pass through the geometry of the minimum of the ground electronic state, show several closely avoided crossings. Close examination, and higher level calculations, very strongly suggests that some of these seemingly avoided crossings are in fact associated with non-symmetry related conical intersections. Diabatic potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces are created from the computed ab initio adiabatic MRCI energies and transition dipole moments. The transition dipole moment connecting the ground electronic state to the diabatic B state surface is by far the strongest. Vibrational-rotational wavefunctions and energies are computed using the ground electronic state. The energy level separations compare well with experimentally determined values. The ground vibrational state wavefunction is then used, together with the diabatic B<--X transition dipole moment surface, to form an initial wavepacket. The analysis of the time-dependent quantum dynamics of this wavepacket provides the total and partial photodissociation cross sections for the system. Both the total absorption cross section and the predicted product quantum state distributions compare well with experimental observations. A discussion is also given as to how the observed alternation in product diatom rotational state populations might be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinvi Baloïtcha
- Center for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
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Baloïtcha E, Balint-Kurti GG. Theory of the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley continuum; effect of vibrational excitation and O(1D) atom velocity distribution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3829-33. [PMID: 16358032 DOI: 10.1039/b511640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vibrational excitation on the photodissociation cross section of ozone in the Hartley continuum is examined. The calculations make use of newly computed potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces. The initial vibrational states of the ozone are computed using grid based techniques and the first few ab initio computed vibrational energy level spacings agree to within 10 cm(-1) with experimental values. The computed total absorption cross sections arising from different initial vibrational states of ozone are discussed in the light of the nature of the transition dipole moment surface. The computed cross section for excitation from the ground vibrational-rotational state is in good agreement with the experimentally measured cross section. Excitation of the asymmetric stretching vibration of ozone has a marked effect on both the form and magnitude of the photodissociation cross section. The velocity distributions of highly reactive O(1D) atoms arising from the photodissociation process in different wavelength ranges is also presented. The results show that the O(1D) atoms travel with a most probable translational velocity of 2.030 km s(-1) corresponding to a translational energy of 0.342 eV or 33.0 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinvi Baloïtcha
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TS.
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Takahashi K, Hayashi S, Suzuki T, Matsumi Y. Accurate Determination of the Absolute Quantum Yield for O(1D) Formation in the Photolysis of Ozone at 308 nm. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0469259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hayashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3-13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Hofzumahaus A. Photolysis frequency of O3to O(1D): Measurements and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M. Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4767-82. [PMID: 14664632 DOI: 10.1021/cr0205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toyokawa 442-8505, Japan.
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Sadanaga Y, Matsumoto J, Kajii Y. Photochemical reactions in the urban air: Recent understandings of radical chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Smith GD, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Measurement of Radical Quantum Yields from Formaldehyde Photolysis between 269 and 339 nm. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013180n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Smith
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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15
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Matsumi Y. Quantum yields for production of O(1D) in the ultraviolet photolysis of ozone: Recommendation based on evaluation of laboratory data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith GD, Tablas FMG, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Measurement of Relative Product Yields from the Photolysis of Dichlorine Monoxide (Cl2O). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Smith
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Francisco M. G. Tablas
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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