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Wirz LN, Tonner R, Hermann A, Sure R, Schwerdtfeger P. From small fullerenes to the graphene limit: A harmonic force-field method for fullerenes and a comparison to density functional calculations for Goldberg-Coxeter fullerenes up to C980. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:10-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas N. Wirz
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0745 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FD United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sure
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4; 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904 0745 Auckland New Zealand
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str.; D-35032 Marburg Germany
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Schwerdtfeger P, Wirz LN, Avery J. The topology of fullerenes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014; 5:96-145. [PMID: 25678935 PMCID: PMC4313690 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are carbon molecules that form polyhedral cages. Their bond structures are exactly the planar cubic graphs that have only pentagon and hexagon faces. Strikingly, a number of chemical properties of a fullerene can be derived from its graph structure. A rich mathematics of cubic planar graphs and fullerene graphs has grown since they were studied by Goldberg, Coxeter, and others in the early 20th century, and many mathematical properties of fullerenes have found simple and beautiful solutions. Yet many interesting chemical and mathematical problems in the field remain open. In this paper, we present a general overview of recent topological and graph theoretical developments in fullerene research over the past two decades, describing both solved and open problems. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:96-145. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1207 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas N Wirz
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Avery
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sato T, Lijnen E, Ceulemans A. Jahn–Teller Instability of Icosahedral [W@Au12]−. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:613-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400985u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Erwin Lijnen
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Arnout Ceulemans
- Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Cimpoesu F, Ito S, Shimotani H, Takagi H, Dragoe N. Vibrational properties of noble gas endohedral fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9609-15. [PMID: 21503295 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of IR and Raman spectra of Ar@C(60) and Kr@C(60) shows that the incorporation of noble gas atoms causes a blue shift of low energy vibrations, which have radial character, and a red shift of higher energy ones which have a tangential character movement. The mechanism of these phenomena is explained on the basis of ab initio numerical experiments with DFT and MP2 procedures. Methodological discussions are advanced, altogether with a scheme for the estimation of the van der Waals interaction between fullerene and noble gas, based on the frequency shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanica Cimpoesu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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Zhang Y, He J, Wang PN, Chen JY, Lu ZJ, Lu DR, Guo J, Wang CC, Yang WL. Time-Dependent Photoluminescence Blue Shift of the Quantum Dots in Living Cells: Effect of Oxidation by Singlet Oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13396-401. [PMID: 17031951 DOI: 10.1021/ja061225y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent photoluminescence (PL) enhancement, blue shift, and photobleach were observed from the thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) ingested in mouse myoblast cells and human primary liver cancer cells. It was revealed that the PL blue shift resulted from the photooxidation of the QD core by singlet oxygen molecules formed on the QD core surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hands ID, Dunn JL, Bates CA. A complete nearest-neighbor force field model for C60. J Chem Phys 2006; 120:6912-21. [PMID: 15267589 DOI: 10.1063/1.1683105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A force field model is developed for C(60) that features 13 force constants representing all interactions between nearest-neighboring atoms. The model is compared with, and tested against, other force field models in the literature. Force constants for C(60) are then deduced by fitting the model to the 14 known optically accessible vibrational frequencies of the molecule. Finally, the model is fitted to two existing theoretical calculations of the complete vibrational spectrum of C(60). Fair agreement is obtained with the theoretical calculations, implying that interactions with atoms other than nearest neighbors are small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Hands
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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Li R, Lee J, Yang B, Horspool DN, Aindow M, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Amine-Assisted Facetted Etching of CdSe Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2524-32. [PMID: 15725007 DOI: 10.1021/ja0465404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) in a 3-amino-1-propanol (APOL)/water (v/v = 10:1) mixture at 80 degrees C in the presence of O(2) causes them to undergo a slow chemical etching process, as evidenced by spectroscopic and structural investigations. Instead of the continuous blue shift expected from a gradual decrease in NC dimensions, a bottleneck behavior was observed with distinct plateaus in the peak position of photoluminescence (PL) and corresponding maxima in PL quantum yield (i.e., 34 +/-7%). It is presently argued that such etching behavior is a result of two competitive processes taking place on the surface of these CdSe NCs: (i) oxidation of the exposed Se-sites to acidic SeO(x)() entities, which are readily solubilized in the basic APOL/H(2)O mixture, and (ii) coordination of the underlying Cd-sites with both amines and hydroxyl moieties to temporally impede NC dissolution. This is consistent with the HRTEM results, which suggest that the etched NCs adopt pyramidal morphologies with Cd-terminated facets (i.e., (0001) bases and either {011} or {21} sides) and account for the apparent resistance to etching at the plateau regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfu Li
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Nazzal AY, Wang X, Qu L, Yu W, Wang Y, Peng X, Xiao M. Environmental Effects on Photoluminescence of Highly Luminescent CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals in Polymer Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035361q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Y. Nazzal
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Lianhua Qu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - William Yu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, and Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication Laboratories (NN-Labs), Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704
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Bettinger HF, Yakobson BI, Scuseria GE. Scratching the surface of buckminsterfullerene: the barriers for Stone-Wales transformation through symmetric and asymmetric transition states. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5572-80. [PMID: 12720471 DOI: 10.1021/ja0288744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
General-gradient approximation (PBE) and hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional theories (B3LYP) in conjunction with basis sets of up to polarized triple-zeta quality have been applied to study the Stone-Wales transformation of buckminsterfullerene (BF) to yield a C(60) isomer of C(2)(v) symmetry with two adjacent pentagons (#1809). In agreement with earlier investigations, two different transition states and reaction pathways could be identified for the rearrangement from BF to C(60)-C(2)(v) on the C(60) potential energy surface (PES). One has C(2) molecular point group symmetry with the two migrating carbon atoms remaining close to the fullerene surface. The other one has a high-energy carbene-like (sp(3)) structure where a single carbon atom is significantly moved away from the C(60) surface. The carbene intermediate and the second transition state along the stepwise reaction path characterized previously at lower levels of theory do not exist as stationary points with the density functionals utilized here. The classical barriers of both mechanisms are essentially identical, 6.9 eV using PBE and 7.3 eV with B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F Bettinger
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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